分层教学策略的探究

Pushing ahead East North West development facilitating shanty complete xincheng West Road stability and reconstruction of the street Star Ding garden built century Garden District subject public housing construction heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft further expanded the town development Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead According to ecological lay based and industry increased income and live upgrade civilization and culture rich connotation of thought caught built beautiful village and whole village advance and easily relocation and five modified three built project near 30 a depth into ecological and industry and culture and tourism elements high standards caught party original city Liu and jade are Xia AO model village in province City set has benchmark Four is equal benefits to promote sharing coordinated development of various social undertakings In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth increase financial 75 to the people s livelihood the masses have more access in the sharing Cuoban something good and benefit Adhere to the affordable best carefully cuoban village oil water and heat cultural city and County columns practical developments benefit families bring more welfare to the masses Development of social convenience Acceptance of balanced development of compulsory education through the national assessment the County vocational education center was named top School of vocational education in China the third batch of national reform and development model through provincial Five is to deepen reform and innovation to break bottlenecks and endogenous development of effective fire As an engine of dynamism adding reform key to adopting reform measures stress energy and break bottlenecks and promoting development Pay close attention to the key areas of reform Conscientiously implement the provincial deployment and cancel adjustment to undertake the administrative approval items according to Regulation 347 to further improve administrative efficiency continuing deepening reform for poverty alleviation speeding up rural land right registration certification pilot project encouraging the orderly transfer of land management utilize the land resources in order to promote scale management laid the Foundation Actively cultivate the market Firmly establish a market oriented nurturing family farms industrial users professional cooperation organization new market management main body 456 effectively improve the industry intensive and marketization of encouraging support social capital into the small micro credit urban development culture and tourism public services and other areas easing development shortfall To promote mass innovation To support the rural sector to use new thinking and new ideas creative work incentives such as actively promoting financial intermediation bring added 159 in non public enterprises individually 1540 created a 分层教学策略的探究分层教学策略的探究 赵金华 摘 要 本文论述了作者在教学实践中采用的分层教学的教改实验 坚持用因材施教 分层指导的原则 尽可能地满足每个层次学生不同的学习目标与要求 在这个基础上 为把分层教学落实在教学的各个环节上 提出了高中物理分层次教学的策略 对全面 实施分层教学策略进行了实验研究 实验结果证明了对学生实施分层教学的策略是使 全体学生共同进步的一个有效措施 全面实施分层教学策略是 因材施教 落实到实处 的一种有效的方法 关健词 分层教学 因材施教 教学策略 我校是一县级普通高中 生源较差 学生个体差异很大 尤其是理科课程在我校很难进行 特 别是物理教学 很难使每一个学生满意 学生的学习兴趣很快就被繁重的学习任务给吞 噬了 据统计 我所任教的班级在中考中的物理成绩平均只有二十多分 物理基础非常 差 基本上没有物理思维 在这种形势下 教师要想很好地完成教学任务就有了很大的 难度 为了更好的完成教学任务 让不同层次的学生学有所长 物理教学中必须根据学生 不同实际情况实施分层教学 才能使每一个学生都有更大的收获 现在的教学理念弘扬学 生个体差异 张扬学生个性 减轻学生学习压力 让学生在愉快的氛围中学习 为了 提高学生的求知欲 对不同的学生提出不同要求 采用不同的教学方法 有必要对学生进 行分层教学 分层教学是指在课堂教学中 按照教学大纲的要求 从学生的实际情况出发 将学生分成 不同的层次 制订不同层次的目标 实施不同层次的教学方法 进行不同层次的辅导和检 测 提高各个层次学生的学习兴趣和学习能力 促进全体学生在实际基础上学有所获 从 分层教学的内涵来说 体现了因材施教的教学原则 符合了新课程标准下以人为本的教学 思想 对于提高物理教学具有重要意义 那么在高中教学中应怎样进行分层教学呢 经过全组研究 针对我校学生的实际情况 制定了如下教学策略并进行实施 1 了解学生差异 建立不同层次的学习小组建立学习小组之前 对全班学生进行摸底调查 调查内容包 括学生的智能 学习技能 学生心理以及在学校的表现家庭环境等等 并对调查所得 数据进行综合分析 分析学生差异 把握学生层次 对班里的学生进行分类 将学生 分成优秀 中等 学习困难生三个不同的层次 优秀生的学习目的性明确 上进心 强 基础扎实 分析能力强 比较而言成绩优秀且稳定 中等学生有一定的上进心 和学习自觉性 双基不够扎实 成绩中等但缺乏稳定 学习困难生相对来说学习成 绩处于班级的中下层面 学习自觉性较差 自信心不足 基础知识和理解能力较差 Pushing ahead East North West development facilitating shanty complete xincheng West Road stability and reconstruction of the street Star Ding garden built century Garden District subject public housing construction heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft further expanded the town development Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead According to ecological lay based and industry increased income and live upgrade civilization and culture rich connotation of thought caught built beautiful village and whole village advance and easily relocation and five modified three built project near 30 a depth into ecological and industry and culture and tourism elements high standards caught party original city Liu and jade are Xia AO model village in province City set has benchmark Four is equal benefits to promote sharing coordinated development of various social undertakings In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth increase financial 75 to the people s livelihood the masses have more access in the sharing Cuoban something good and benefit Adhere to the affordable best carefully cuoban village oil water and heat cultural city and County columns practical developments benefit families bring more welfare to the masses Development of social convenience Acceptance of balanced development of compulsory education through the national assessment the County vocational education center was named top School of vocational education in China the third batch of national reform and development model through provincial Five is to deepen reform and innovation to break bottlenecks and endogenous development of effective fire As an engine of dynamism adding reform key to adopting reform measures stress energy and break bottlenecks and promoting development Pay close attention to the key areas of reform Conscientiously implement the provincial deployment and cancel adjustment to undertake the administrative approval items according to Regulation 347 to further improve administrative efficiency continuing deepening reform for poverty alleviation speeding up rural land right registration certification pilot project encouraging the orderly transfer of land management utilize the land resources in order to promote scale management laid the Foundation Actively cultivate the market Firmly establish a market oriented nurturing family farms industrial users professional cooperation organization new market management main body 456 effectively improve the industry intensive and marketization of encouraging support social capital into the small micro credit urban development culture and tourism public services and other areas easing development shortfall To promote mass innovation To support the rural sector to use new thinking and new ideas creative work incentives such as actively promoting financial intermediation bring added 159 in non public enterprises individually 1540 created a 按照不同层次的学生 将班里的学生进行分组 分成几个物理学习小组 将学习困难的 学生托付给优秀生 实行帮扶政策 让优秀生对学习困难生起到一定的帮助作用 然后我们教师再以各种机会在各个时机给予更多的关注 在实施分层教学时尊重学 生的人格 尊重学生的个别差异 使学生在课堂上真正的发挥主体地位 发挥其主动 性和积极性 同时学生的分层不是固定的 教师可以根据学生学习和发展情况进行阶 段性调节 使学生能处于最有利于他们发展的环境中 这种分层可以让老师做到备课 教学时能 对症下药 把握上课的重点 做到分层教学时目标设置合理 重点明确 难点分散 并且不能把学生的分层情况告诉学生本人 以免学生自卑 2 分层备课 根据不同层次学生的实际情况 针对学生的接受能力 既保证面向全 体 又要做到兼顾不同层次的学生制定不同层次的教学目标 设计不同层次的教学内 容 应用不同的教学方法和教学手段 在课堂上提出不同层次的问题 设计不同的课 堂练习和课后作业 在进行分层备课时尽可能处理好全体和个体的关系 做到培优 补差 对优秀生 注重对其进行知识的理解 掌握 运用 分析能力的培养 对中等 学生培养其奋斗目标 使其掌握基础知识和基本技能并能对所学进行分析和理解 对 学习困难学生提出的目标要注意重视心理因素 多给他们鼓励 培养其学习物理的兴 趣 使这部分学生基本上能掌握课本上的基础知识和基本技能 因此分层备课过程中 注重各层次学生的能力 素质的发展 使每个学生的个性均能得到发挥 我教师要不 断发现不同层次学生身上的 闪光点 帮助他们树立正确的学习观 促使各层次学生 互相帮助 互相促进 以达到共同进步的目的 3 教学过程分层 分层次教学 要做到因材施教 精心策划学生的学习活动 用心设计问题 优化教学 过程 选定最优教学方案 利用学生的个性差异 要在课堂上努力创设一种研究学习 的氛围 如 自主学习 合作学习 探究学习 等 在实施时一般情况下将一堂 45 分钟的课划分为三个时间段 课堂内前 5 分钟要求全体学生自主学习 中间 25 分钟较 扎实地学习教科书上的基础知识并作简单运用 后 15 分钟提出较高要求的教学内容 学有余力的同学要求继续学好 有困难的同学只要求掌握前面的内容即可 以满足那 些学有余力的学生较高层次的学习要求 从而达到分层教学的目的 分层次教学使基 础好的学生可少受基础弱的学生的拖累 充分发挥其聪明才智 给他们帮助差生和表 现自己的机会 基础差的学生可受到老师 同学更多的关心和帮助 消除厌学情绪 在课堂实施上课堂提问注重层次性 让各类学生均有展示的机会 在讲授知识性的内容时 可以提问中等学生 利用他们回答中出现的问题 把问题展开 进行研究 是学生充分表 达他们的认知 以便于教师充分了解学生 在突破重 难点知识时 发挥优秀生的作用 用台阶式的提问方法 启发学生深刻理解 在巩固练习时 检查学习困难生的理解程度 及时查漏补缺 帮助差生巩固基础知识 这样能够较好地解决因学生个性差异产生的矛 盾 让不同层次学生的心理活动指向并集中于不同的教学目标 从而完成分层教学的任 Pushing ahead East North West development facilitating shanty complete xincheng West Road stability and reconstruction of the street Star Ding garden built century Garden District subject public housing construction heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft further expanded the town development Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead According to ecological lay based and industry increased income and live upgrade civilization and culture rich connotation of thought caught built beautiful village and whole village advance and easily relocation and five modified three built project near 30 a depth into ecological and industry and culture and tourism elements high standards caught party original city Liu and jade are Xia AO model village in province City set has benchmark Four is equal benefits to promote sharing coordinated development of various social undertakings In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth increase financial 75 to the people s livelihood the masses have more access in the sharing Cuoban something good and benefit Adhere to the affordable best carefully cuoban village oil water and heat cultural city and County columns practical developments benefit families bring more welfare to the masses Development of social convenience Acceptance of balanced development of compulsory education through the national assessment the County vocational education center was named top School of vocational education in China the third batch of national reform and development model through provincial Five is to deepen reform and innovation to break bottlenecks and endogenous development of effective fire As an engine of dynamism adding reform key to adopting reform measures stress energy and break bottlenecks and promoting development Pay close attention to the key areas of reform Conscientiously implement the provincial deployment and cancel adjustment to undertake the administrative approval items according to Regulation 347 to further improve administrative efficiency continuing deepening reform for poverty alleviation speeding up rural land right registration certification pilot project encouraging the orderly transfer of land management utilize the land resources in order to promote scale management laid the Foundation Actively cultivate the market Firmly establish a market oriented nurturing family farms industrial users professional cooperation organization new market management main body 456 effectively improve the industry intensive and marketization of encouraging support social capital into the small micro credit urban development culture and tourism public services and other areas easing development shortfall To promote mass innovation To support the rural sector to use new thinking and new ideas creative work incentives such as actively promoting financial intermediation bring added 159 in non public enterprises individually 1540 created a 务 这样能够较好地解决教材的统一性和学生个性差异的矛盾 使学生都能享受到成 功的快乐 在分层次教学中我感觉到 不同层次的学生通过互助学习 培养了学生相互尊重 团 结进取的精神 不仅能提高差生的学习质量 也能使优生知识得到巩固 还能进一步 增加同学之间的感情 增强学习气氛 这样可以把机会最大限度地让给学生 让每一 位学生充分地参与到教学过程中去 力求提高教与学的有效性 4 作业与练习分层 苏霍姆林斯基在他的 给教师的建议中 说 在学校里 所以会出现一些落伍的学生 甚至会出现一些无可救药的学生 就是因为在学校生活中的最重要的领域 脑力劳 动的领域里 对学生缺乏个别对待的缘故 教师要尊重学生在掌握知识上的能力差异 分层次要求完成作业 学生作业与练习分课内练习 课外作业两类 课内练习一般分为 两部分 第一部分是基础练习 依据教学大纲和教材的要求 全班统一标准 统一要 求 面向全体学生 第二部分是提高练习 在课堂上放一至二个练习 让学生在学习 基础的知识后运用这些知识去解决一些较复杂的问题 这部分练习要求优秀的学生能 够通过思考后完成 课外作业则分层设计 一是放缓坡度题 根据学习困难学生的学习 水平和教材内容 布置两三道基础题 将难度较大的课后习题分解成几个小题给予具体 提示 这样 既缓和了学困生学物理难的状况 又增强了他们求知的积极性 二是巩固练习 题 即是根据中等生设计的 一般指教材后的习 三是拔尖提高题 即是根据优等生学习 水平和教材内容设计的要求较高 难度较大的题目 教师在设计练习或布置作业时分 为必做题和选做题两部分 必做题为知识的的直接应用和基础练习 所有学生必做 选 做题设计一些变式题和综合题 对优秀学生可以实行加餐制和自修制 从而充分调 动了学生的学习积极性 可以减少抄袭作业的现象 减轻学生的课业负担 这样可使 优等学生有练习的机会 中等和学习困难学生也有充分发展的余地 都能享受到成功的喜 悦 因而提高学习的积极性 5 自习辅导分层 辅导分层是分层教学的重要辅助环节 其目的 一是进行查漏补缺 完成教学任务 二是进一步激发学生的兴趣 爱好 提高学生的自学能力与创造力 辅导可以实行分 类型多形式的辅导 一方面应侧重于现阶段的学习 培养学生的自学能力 这类辅导 以不增加课时 不搞全班性补课为原则 进行多形式 多层次的辅导 对学习困难学 生可采取个别辅导的方法 辅导内容从最低点开始 使学生在教师的指导下学会思考 完成学习任务 掌握学习方法 逐步形成自学能力 对中等生可采用分组讨论 教师 提示的方法 促使中等生相互取长补短 逐步提高自学能力 而优秀的学生较多是独 立思考然后教师再给予个别点拨 辅导内容主要是拓宽 加深 以可接受为原则 主 要培养其思维 想象 创造的能力 Pushing ahead East North West development facilitating shanty complete xincheng West Road stability and reconstruction of the street Star Ding garden built century Garden District subject public housing construction heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft further expanded the town development Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead According to ecological lay based and industry increased income and live upgrade civilization and culture rich connotation of thought caught built beautiful village and whole village advance and easily relocation and five modified three built project near 30 a depth into ecological and industry and culture and tourism elements high standards caught party original city Liu and jade are Xia AO model village in province City set has benchmark Four is equal benefits to promote sharing coordinated development of various social undertakings In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth increase financial 75 to the people s livelihood the masses have more access in the sharing Cuoban something good and benefit Adhere to the affordable best carefully cuoban village oil water and heat cultural city and County columns practical developments benefit families bring more welfare to the masses Development of social convenience Acceptance of balanced development of compulsory education through the national assessment the County vocational education center was named top School of vocational education in China the third batch of national reform and development model through provincial Five is to deepen reform and innovation to break bottlenecks and endogenous development of effective fire As an engine of dynamism adding reform key to adopting reform measures stress energy and break bottlenecks and promoting development Pay close attention to the key areas of reform Conscientiously implement the provincial deployment and cancel adjustment to undertake the administrative approval items according to Regulation 347 to further improve administrative efficiency continuing deepening reform for poverty alleviation speeding up rural land right registration certification pilot project encouraging the orderly transfer of land management utilize the land resources in order to promote scale management laid the Foundation Actively cultivate the market Firmly establish a market oriented nurturing family farms industrial users professional cooperation organization new market management main body 456 effectively improve the industry intensive and marketization of encouraging support social capital into the small micro credit urban development culture and tourism public services and other areas easing development shortfall To promote mass innovation To support the rural sector to use new thinking and new ideas creative work incentives such as actively promoting financial intermediation bring added 159 in non public enterprises individually 1540 created a 6 测试与评价分层 测试是考察学生基础知识和基本技能掌握的一种手段 每次测试前 对学生进行应试 策略的指导 加深学生对测试的认识 以便做到考前心中有数 考试冷静应对 实践 证明 应试指导不仅能给学生启示 还可以帮助学生做好充分的心理准备 使学生尽 可能做到会做的题不失分 以考出自己的真实水平 同时也在每次考试中养成良好习 惯 规范答题 测试时同一个班级学生如果用不同的试卷 不仅对学生学习难以比较 并且会挫伤学生的学习积极性 所以分层测试一定要采用统一试卷 试卷包括基础题 提高题和深化题三大类 基础题是面向全体学生的 占全试卷的 80 提高题是优秀 中等学生必做的 占全试卷 15 左右 深化题是优秀学生做的 占全试卷 5 左右 分类测试后 根据结果的不同 采用不同的纠正措施 可以让优秀生 中等生辅导差生 对没有过关的学生 进行补课 个别辅导 建立帮扶小组等 还要组织二次过关检测 对经过辅导后达标的学生给予肯定 鼓励 让学生体验学习成功的喜悦 在各自的层 次中都有所收获和提高 而评价机制也要采用分层评价的方式 并且分层评价可以多元化进行 评价手段多 样化评价结果要人性化 在评价过程中 让学生的人格得到充分的尊重 苏霍姆林斯 基说 学生从事脑力劳动的能力是不同的 有的学生对教材感知 理解 识记的快 在记忆中保持得长久而牢固 而有的学生对教材的感知 理解 识记很慢 而且知识 在记忆中保持得不久 不牢固 对有的学生来说 的高分很容易 而对于有的学生来 说 二三十分的成绩已经是非常努力的结果了 教师要能够确定每个学生能做到什么 程度 对不同学生给予不同评价 能使学生明显地发现自己所取得的成绩 保持良好的 情绪状态 并形成良性循环 对学习有困难的学生 寻找其闪光点 多给予表扬 及时肯定他 们的进步 调动他们学习的积极性 但在肯定他们的成绩同时也要找出他们的不足 对中 等生 采用激励评价 既指出不足 又要确定明确的努力方向 促使他们力争上游 对成绩 优秀的学生 采用竞争评价 坚持高标准严要求 促使他们更加严谨 谦虚 教师的评价 技巧和艺术就在于使每一个学生的力量尽可能发挥出来 使他们享受到脑力劳动中的 成功的乐趣 让学生在老师的正确评价中养成热爱学习 敢于竞争 善于探究的良好 品格 分层教学实际实施又很大的困难 我们全组教师排除万难 在高一年级进行试点 教学 虽有不足 但也取得一定成就 分层教学不仅使教师本人也得到了许多启示 能主动地掌握学生的学习状态 同时自己也受到了很好的煅炼 从而不断地提高教学 质量 并且分层教学策略受到学生的欢迎 这种教学得到 80 左右学生的认可 是学 生更加团结协作 学习氛围更加和谐 这对于我们学校的学生来说是前所未有的 说 明分层教学可以充分调动学生的积极性 培养学生健全的人格 最大限度的挖掘学生的 潜能 提高课堂教学效率 我们将不断努力让分层教学更趋科学化 合理化 可以充分调 动 Pushing ahead East North West development facilitating shanty complete xincheng West Road stability and reconstruction of the street Star Ding garden built century Garden District subject public housing construction heating the gas expansion accelerated implementation Jing Rui River and bridge style line solid shaft further expanded the town development Beautiful country adhere to the advance and typical for a group to lead According to ecological lay based and industry increased income and live upgrade civilization and culture rich connotation of thought caught built beautiful village and whole village advance and easily relocation and five modified three built project near 30 a depth into ecological and industry and culture and tourism elements high standards caught party original city Liu and jade are Xia AO model village in province City set has benchmark Four is equal benefits to promote sharing coordinated development of various social undertakings In the case of rigid spending slowing revenue growth increase financial 75 to the people s livelihood the masses have more access in