新目标英语八年级下第2单元知识点

第 1 页 共 8 页 Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks 话题 volunteering and charity 教学目标 掌握动词不定式的用法 1 运用动词不定式句型提供帮助 2 语法点 动词不定式作宾语 状语和宾补 1 动词短语 2 知识点 1 动词不定式 1 动词不定式的基本形式 to do to 有时可以省略 2 动词不定式的否定形式 not to do 3 动词不定式无人称变化 4 动词不定式仍保留动词特点 可以有自己的宾语和状语 5 动词不定式的用法 1 动词不定式作宾语 可表示 将来 或 来做 常见的后接不定式作宾语的动词有 need like want wish hope decide expect 等 2 不定式作宾补 有的动词后加不定式作宾补 构成 v sb sth to do 的结构 此类动词常见的有 ask tell would like want expect wish allow encourage 等 3 不定式作状语 不定式作状语表目的 或用在某些表示人的心情类的形容词后表原因 4 动词不定式可以和 what which how where when 等特殊疑问词连用 5 不带 to 的不定式 两类动词后作宾补的不定式不带 to a 感官动词 see hear watch feel notice 等 b 使役动词 let make have 等 eg I heard them argue this morning 今天早上我听到他们吵架了 They made the children play the piano 6 hours a day last month 上个月他们让这些孩子每天 弹 6 个小时钢琴 注意 此类动词后不用带 to 的不定式作宾补 当变被动时 必须还原 to make sb do sth sb be made to do sth 第 2 页 共 8 页 2 短语动词 短语动词时一种固定词组 由动词加介词或副词等构成 其作用相当于一个动词 1 动词加副词 常见的相当于及物动词的这类短语动词有 cheer up clean up set up put up cut up fix up work out give out give away think over turn over hand in get in 等 相当于及物动词时 后面必须跟宾语 若名词作宾语 可以放在副词前面或后面 但代词 作宾语时 必须置于副词之前 2 动词加介词 这种结构的短语动词在句中作谓语时 后面必须接宾语 常见的这类短语动词有 look for stand for wait for pay for send for take after hear from hear of depend on 等 3 动词加副词加介词 这种短语动词相当于及物动词 介词后面需跟宾语 常见的这类短语动词有 add up to catch up with look down upon run out of 等 它们相当于 一个及物动词 4 动词加名词加介词 这种短语动词相当于及物动词 后面需接宾语 有时名词前可以加形容词修饰 make fun of make use of pay attention to take care of 等 3 clean up 打扫或清除干净 Eg Chinese people clean up their houses before the Chinese New Year 春节前 中国人打扫干净他们的房子 clean up 是由动词 副词构成的短语动词 其加宾语的特点是 名词宾语 副词前后都可以 代词宾语 见到副词向前提 4 notice 通知通告 布告 eg They put up some notices to tell people about the environment situation 他们张贴了一些布告来告诉人们环境状况 notice v 注意到 notice sb do sth 注意到某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事 有类似用法的动词还有 see watch hear 等 第 3 页 共 8 页 I notice Miss Li go into the library just now 我刚刚注意到李老师进了图书馆 I didn t notice Mary leaving 我没看到玛丽离开 5 lonely 孤独的 寂寞的 eg The famous basketball player said that he felt lonely when he was alone 这个著名的篮球运动员说当他一个人时 他感到孤单 lonely 既可作宾语 又可作宾语 eg Ben volunteered to teach English in a lonely mountain village last year but he never felt lonely 去年本自愿去一个偏僻的山村教英语 但是他从不感到孤独 单词词义词性句子成分 lonely孤独的 寂寞的 偏 僻的 形容词定语或表语 alone独自 单独形容词或副词作形容词时 只能作 表语 She lives alone but she doesn t 6 imagine 想象 设想 imagine 后加名词 代词 动名词作宾语 We often imagine living in a big house 我们经常想象住在一所大房子里 拓展 特殊动词接动名 使用它们要记清 7 difficulty n 困难 难题 放弃 give up 享受 enjoy 可后悔 regret 坚持 keep 练习 practice 必完成 finish 延期 put off 停止 stop 勿介意 mind 第 4 页 共 8 页 强调具体的困难时 为可数名词 指笼统的困难 艰难时 不可数名词 1 have difficulty in doing sth have trouble in doing sth have problem in doing sth 2 8 carry v 拿 提 扛 eg The young woman carried her baby in her arms 这个年轻妇女怀里抱着她的宝宝 carry on doing sth 继续做某事 carry on with sh 继续某事 carry out 执行 The orders were carried out 这些命令被执行了 9 clever adj 聪明的 聪颖的 比较级最高级有两种形式 clever cleverest more clever most cleverest 10 change v 变化 改变 常见搭配 change into 把 变成 change one s mind 改变主意 He change his mind 他改变了主意 11 blind adj 瞎的 失明的 常见短语 be blind to sth 对某事视而不见的 He is blind to the mistakes turn a blind eye to sth the blind 盲人 the 形容词表示一类人 12 make it possible for me to have lucky make it adj for sb to do sth 使某人做某事怎么样 it 为形式宾语 to do sth 是真正的宾语 make it possible for sb to do sth 使得某人有可能 Your help makes it possible for him to succeed 1 make 宾语 名词 使 We made him monitor 2 make 宾语 形容词 使 第 5 页 共 8 页 His words made me happy 3 make 宾语 动词原形 让 做 He made me work ten hours a day 13 make a difference 有影响 有作用 其后可跟 to sb sth 对某人或某事产生影响 difference n 差异 different adj 不同的 differently adv 不同地 14 sickgive sb a ring phone sb call up 意为 打电话 打电话给 如 He called up his friends and told the story 他给朋友打电话 并告之整个事情 有关 打电话 的说法 1 make a telephone call 打电话 He s making a telephone call 他正在打电话 2 give sb a call 给某人打电话 When you get there please give me a call 你到那时 请给我打个电话 3 ring sb 给某人打电话 I rang you but you were out 我 call on 召唤 26 hand out 散发 hand in 上缴 hand around round 传递 hand on 依次传递 27 work out 结果 结果是 The idea works out well 那个注意的实施结果很好 另外还有 解答出 计算出 的意思 Can you work out the answer to this question See if you can work out this bill 1 He helps the classroom A cleans up B cleaning up C clean up 2 I took her to the concert to A cheer up her B cheer her up C cheer she up 3 The boss put off the workers wages A to give out B give up C giving out 1 The man established a factory in our village last year 第 8 页 共 8 页 The man a factory in our village last year 2 We need to think up some ideas We need to some ideas 3 He phoned me and asked me to go there He and asked me to go there 4 他们想明年开一家商店 They want next year 5 人们不应该在路上分发广告 People advertisement on the road 6 我准备领他去看电影 以便他会高兴起来 I am going to him the cinema 7 这些词都很重要 请把它们记下来 These words are all very important please 8 你知道谁在校门口分发