高二英语必修五第一单元知识点讲解(重要)

1 必修必修 5 Unit1 Great scientists Part 1 Warming up 1 explain 及物动词 vt 解释 说明 阐明 to wh that He explained that he had been cheated 他解释说他是上当受骗了 Can you explain how the machine operates 你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗 Please explain this rule to me 请给我讲解一下这条规则 不及物动词 vi 解释 说明 辩解 I ve got to explain about it 我得解释一下此事 2 characteristic n 特征 特性 Kindness is one of his characteristics adj 独特的 I heard my friend s characteristic laugh be characteristic of sb sth 是 的特性 Such bluntness is characteristic of him 如此迟钝是他的特性 3 Who put forward a theory about black holes put forward 提出 建议等 提名 提前 把时钟往前拨 He put forward a new plan 他提出一个新计划 May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee 我能否提名你当委员会主席 归纳拓展归纳拓展 put down 记下 镇压put out 关掉 熄灭 put aside 放在一边 储存 保留put off 推迟 延期 put up 建造 举起 张贴put on 穿上 put away 收好 选词填空 put off put up put forward put aside put out The plan that you at the meeting is wonderful Many tall buildings were along the road Firefighters have been called to the fire in the city center He has a little money to for a rainy day Don t until tomorrow what can be done today Part 2 Pre reading reading and comprehending 1 Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research how to prove a new idea 为 疑问词 不定式 结构 该结构可在句中作主语 宾语 表语等 We haven t decided where to go 我们还没有决定去哪里 The question is when to leave 问题是什么时候动身 2 draw a conclusion 得出结论得出结论 1 conclusion 作名词 意为 结束 结论 come to reach arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后 2 I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo 最后 我对我的东京之行说几句 2 conclude 作动词 结束 断定 决定 to conclude 作插入语 最后 作为总结 to sum up To conclude I think smoking does more harm than good to us 3 John Snow was a famous doctor in London so expert indeed that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician 约翰 斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生 他的确医术精湛 以至于成了照料维多利亚 女王的私人医生 3 expert n 专家 能手 an expert in psychology 心理学 an agricultural expert adj 熟练的 有专门技术的 an expert job 需专门知识的工作 He is expert in at cooking attend vt 解决问题 改善困境 Is there a certain cure for cancer yet 癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法 The prices are going up every day but there is no cure for rising prices 6 So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak 人们既不知道它的病因 人们既不知道它的病因 也不懂如何治疗 每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死 也不懂如何治疗 每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死 1 本句为复合句 So many thousands of terrified people died 为主句 every time 引导时间状语从句 意思是 每当 2 有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用 引导时间状语从句 例如 every time each time the last time next time the moment the minute immediately instantly 等 Every time Each time I express an opinion she argues back 每当我发表意见时 她总是反驳 I found myself in an entirely new world the moment the minute immediately I arrived here 我一到这里 就感到耳目一新 The last time I saw him he was quite well 我最后一次看到他时 他还相当健康 Give your father my best regards next time you see him 下次你见到你父亲时 请代我向他致以最好 的问候 拓展延伸 1 for the first time 是介词短语 常用作时间状语 而 the first time 是连词 引导时间状语从句 2 It is the first time that 如果前面用 is 从句动词用现在完成时 如果前面用 was 则从句动词用 过去完成时 3 It s high time that 从句动词用过去时或 should 动词原形 It s high time we took immediate action to prevent pollution 该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候 了 7 The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims 第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖 像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮 直到找到病第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖 像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮 直到找到病 毒的受害人 毒的受害人 suggest v 建议 暗示 表明 suggest doing sth that sb should do sth May suggested a picnic at the weekend He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall He suggested us visiting the Great Wall I suggested leaving early for the airport He suggested that we should visit the Great Wall She suggested that her father should give up smoking suggest 暗示 表明 从句不用虚拟语气 The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me The look on his face suggested that he was happy 8 The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals 第二种看法第二种看法 是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的 是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的 absorb vt 1 专注 聚精会神 4 be absorbed in put one s heart into 集中精力做某事 I was absorbed in a book and didn t hear your call 我正专心看书 没听到你的电话 Absorbed in his work Tom simply forgot food and sleep 汤姆专心工作 几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉 2 吸收 把 吸收入 absorb into Black cloth absorbs light 黑布吸收光线 The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization 这家大公司逐渐将 这些小公司吞并了 The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him 那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的 所有知识都理解了 9 John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence 约翰约翰 斯诺推测第二种斯诺推测第二种 说法是正确的 但需要有证据 说法是正确的 但需要有证据 suspect vt 认为 怀疑 常用短语 suspect sth to be suspect sb of doing sth They suspect him to be the murderer 他们怀疑他是凶手 She suspected him of taking her money n 嫌疑犯 可疑分子 C 10 the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days severe adj 严厉地 苛刻的 严格的 be severe with on 对 严格 严厉 You are too severe on the boy 剧痛的 剧烈的 严重的 a severe attack of toothache 牙痛的剧烈发作 adv severely 11 Next John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets 接下来 约翰接下来 约翰 斯诺调查了斯诺调查了 这两条街上的水源 这两条街上的水源 Look into 调查 了解 研究 朝 里面看 与 one s face eyes 等连用 表示 注视 He looks into her face with great interest 他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸 和 look 组成的其他短语 look around about 环顾四周 look after 照顾 照料 look back 回头看 look back on 回顾 回想 look down upon 轻视 瞧不起 look for 寻求 寻找 look forward to doing 盼望 look on 旁观 look on upon as 把 看作 look out 往外看 注意 当心 look through 浏览 look up 抬头看 查看 look up to sb 尊敬 仰慕某人 12 It seemed that the water was to blame 看来要归罪于饮用水了 看来要归罪于饮用水了 blame v 责备 谴责 把 归咎于 n 过失 责备 过失 过错等 责任 blame sb for sth doing sth 为某事责备某人 责备某人做了某事 They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan blame sth on sb sth 把某事归咎于某人 因某事而指责某人 The police blamed the traffic accident on jack s careless driving be to blame for doing sth 因 做 某事某人应该受到谴责 注意 be to blame 应受责备 主动表被 动 应负责任 The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident accept bear take the blame for sth 对某事负责任 5 He is ready to take the blame for what had happened put lay the blame for sth on sb 将某事归咎于某人 13 In another part of London he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak 在伦敦的另一地区 他从另外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得在伦敦的另一地区 他从另外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得 到了有力的证据 到了有力的证据 link vt 连接 联系 n 环 连接 联系 纽带 14 A woman who had moved away from Broad Street liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day 一个妇女 从布洛德街搬走了 但她非常喜欢水泵的水 她让一个妇女 从布洛德街搬走了 但她非常喜欢水泵的水 她让 人每天从水泵给她家送水 人每天从水泵给她家送水 15 With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus 利用这个额外证据 约翰利用这个额外证据 约翰 斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌 斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌 announce vt 1 宣布 宣告 决定 计划等 announce sth to sb 向某人 宣布 通告某事 announce that 宣布 通知 It is announced that 据宣布 Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow 请通知你们班明天不上学 It has been officially announced that he will pay a second visit to China soon 据官方消息称 他不久将 再次来中国访问 2 事情 显示 预告 The bright flowers announced that spring was here 鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到 拓展延伸 announcement n 宣布 口头通知 announcer n 播音员 make an announcement 下通知 16 To prevent this from happening again John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined 为防止这种情况再度发生 约翰为防止这种情况再度发生 约翰 斯诺建议 所有水源都要经过检测 斯诺建议 所有水源都要经过检测 prevent stop from doing sth 或 keep from doing sth 意为 阻止 做某事 What can we do to prevent the disease spreading 我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢 We should take measures to prevent the river from being polluted further 我们应该采取措施阻止这条河受 到进一步的污染 examine v 检查 细查 诊察 审问 盘问 The doctor examined the boy and found there was nothing the matter with him The lawyer examined the witness examination n 考试 检查 细查 take an examination 参加考试 medical examination 体检 under examination 在检查中 在审查中 17 Finally King Cholera was defeated 霍乱王霍乱王 终于被击败了 终于被击败了 辨析 win beat 与 defeat win 赢得 赛事 战事 某物 beat 战胜 击败 比赛中的对手 可与 defeat 互换 We beat defeated their team by 10 scores They won the battle but lost many men The local ball team won the state championship by beating defeating all the other teams 6 Part 3 Learning about Language 1 take in 收留 包括 take 相关短语 take after 相似 take apart 把 小型机器 钟表等 拆开 拆散 take away 拿走 take back 承认说错了 话 收回 诺言 话语 使回忆起 送回 还回去