英语中考复习10时态

1 语法专项突破语法专项突破 专题十专题十 时态时态 考点一 一般现在时 1 概念 句式结构以及常用的时间状语 1 概念 一般现在时主要表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态 也可表示现在 的情况或状态以及永恒的真理 I like apples 我喜欢苹果 He often goes to school late 他经常上学迟到 2 句式结构 肯定句 有以下两种 句式结构例句 be am is are 表 语 Bob is a doctor 鲍勃是一名医生 实义动词作谓语 She likes eating chocolate 她喜欢吃巧克力 3 常用的时间状语有 always usually often every day 等 I usually go to school on foot 我通常步行去上学 2 第三人称单数的构成方式 当主语是第三人称单数时 谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式 其变化规则如下 类型变化规则举例 一般情况在词尾加 s swim swims open opens 以 e 结尾加 s close closes 以 s x sh ch o 结尾 在词尾加 es pass passes wash washes go goes 以 辅音字母 y 结尾 变 y 为 i 再加 es carry carries study studies 特殊情况不规则变化 have has 3 一般现在时的用法 1 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态 常与表频率的时间状语连用 My mother often goes shopping on weekends 我妈妈经常在周末去购物 2 描述现在的情况 状态等 Tom is ill 汤姆生病了 3 描述客观真理 客观存在或科学事实等 Light travels faster than sound 光比声音传播得快 4 在含时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中 若主句用一般将来时 则从句用 一般现在时表示将来 I ll ring you up if Tom comes back tomorrow 如果汤姆明天回来 我就给你打电话 考点二 一般过去时 1 概念 句式结构以及常用的时间状语 1 概念 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 His dog died yesterday 昨天他的狗死了 2 句式结构 肯定句 有以下两种 2 句式结构例句 be was were 表语 Bill wasn t at home last night 比尔昨晚不在家 实义动词过去式作谓语 Jim went swimming yesterday 吉姆昨天去游泳了 3 常用的时间状语有 yesterday 昨天 the day before yesterday 前天 last week 上星期 two days ago 两天前 just now 刚才 等 Ann went to Shanghai last week 上周安去上海了 2 动词过去式的构成方式 在一般过去时中 谓语动词要用过去式 过去式的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两 种 下面讲一下规则变化 类型规则举例 一般情况加 ed plant planted play played 以 e 结尾加 d live lived change changed 以 辅音字母 y 结尾变 y 为 i 再加 ed carry carried study studied 以重读闭音节结尾 末 尾只有一个辅音字母 双写这个辅音字母 再 加 ed stop stopped plan planned 3 一般过去时的用法 1 表示过去发生或过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态 Bill visited the Great Wall yesterday 比尔昨天游览了长城 Lucy went to the hospital once a week last year 去年露西每周去医院一次 2 用于虚拟条件句中 表示与现在事实相反的情况 If I were you I would take a small present 如果我是你的话 我就带上一件小礼物 考点三 一般将来时 1 概念 句式结构以及常用的时间状语 1 概念 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态 I will visit you tomorrow 明天我将拜访你 2 句式结构 肯定句 有以下三种 句式结构例句 will shall 动词原 形 They will have a good time 他们将会玩得很愉快 be going to 动词 原形 We are going to take an exam 我们将要参加一个考试 现在进行时表将来 The bus is coming 公共汽车要来了 3 常用的时间状语有 tomorrow the day after tomorrow in two hours soon in the future等 My father will come back in two days 我爸爸两天后回来 2 一般将来时的用法 1 be going to 和 will 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 3 We re going to have a meeting to discuss the plan 我们打算开会讨论这个计划 She will reach here at five o clock this afternoon by car 今天下午五点她将乘车到达这里 2 be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情 will 表示客观上将来势 必发生的事情 Look at the dark clouds It s going to rain 看那乌云 天马上要下雨了 He will be twenty years old next year 明早他就要 20 岁了 考点四 现在进行时 1 概念 句式结构以及常见的时态标志词 1 概念 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作 Jim is watching TV 吉姆正在看电视 2 句式结构 主语 am is are 现在分词 Ann is singing 安正在唱歌 3 常见的时态标志词 now at the moment look listen 等 Look She is dancing 看 她正在跳舞 2 现在分词的构成方式 类型变化规则举例 一般情况直接加 ing play playing read reading 以不发音的 e 结尾去 e 加 ing live living write writing 以重读闭音节结尾 且末 尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾的辅音字母再加 ing put putting sit sitting 以 ie 结尾变 ie 为 y 再加 ing die dying lie lying tie tying 3 现在进行时的用法 1 表示目前正在进行的动作 Nick is having lunch 尼克正在吃午饭 2 与 always usually forever 等词连用 表示说话者的赞扬 厌恶或不满等情 绪 He is always helping others 他总是帮助别人 3 一些表示位置移动的动词 如 go come leave fly arrive 等 常用现在进 行时表示即将发生的动作 I m leaving for Beijing tomorrow 我打算明天离开去北京 考点五 过去进行时 1 概念 句式结构以及常用的时间状语 1 概念 表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 I was watching TV at 8 00 last night 昨天晚上八点我正在看电视 2 句式结构 主语 was were 现在分词 当主语为第一 三人称单数时 用 was 其余用 were Bill was playing basketball when I saw him 当我看见比尔的时候 他正在打篮球 3 常用的时间状语有 at nine o clock last night 昨天晚上九点 at that 4 time 那时 at that moment 当时 this time yesterday 昨天的这个时候 from 8 00 to 9 00 last night 昨晚 8 00 到 9 00 以及 when while 引导的时间状语从 句等 Jim was having supper at this time yesterday 昨天这个时候吉姆正在吃晚饭 2 过去进行时的用法 1 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 I was watering my flowers at nine yesterday morning 昨天上午九点我在给花浇水 2 表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作 What were you doing from 8 00 to 9 00 last night 昨晚 8 00 到 9 00 你在干什么 考点六 现在完成时 1 概念以及句式结构 1 概念 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果 还表示 动作从过去某时开始 一直持续到现在 并有可能持续下去 I have had lunch 我已经吃了午饭了 影响是不饿了 2 句式结构 主语 have has 过去分词 Bill has gone to Beijing 比尔去北京了 不在这里了 2 现在完成时的用法和常用的时间状语 1 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果 常与 already yet ever 等连用 She has already finished the work 她已经完成了工作 2 表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在 并有可能持续下去 常与 for 时 间段 或 since 表过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子 连用 此时句中的动词必须是延 续性动词 I have lived in Beijing for 10 years 我已经住在北京十年了 3 短暂性动词的转换问题 英语中有些动词 如 come go begin start die buy borrow sell 等 被称为 短暂性动词 短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用 若与时间段连用通常要借助以 下几种方式 1 将短暂性动词转化为 be 形容词或副词 begin start be on go there be there come back be backcome here be here open be openclose be closed die be deadmarry be married finish be overgo to bed be in bed leave be awayreturn be back join be in a member offall asleep be asleep lose be lostfall ill b e ill 如 这家商店开门 6 个小时了 The shop has opened for 6 hours The shop has been open for 6 hours 2 有的短暂性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词 borrow keepput on wear be on become beget to know know buy have own catch a cold have a cold 5 receive havego to sleep sleep 如 这本书我借了一个月了 I have borrowed that book for one month I have kept that book for one month 4 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 两种时态除结构 句式和搭配的时间状语不同之外 最重要的就是意义不同 试比较 He has lived here since 1972 自 1972 年起他就一直住在这儿 对现在的影响是他还住在这儿 He lived here in 1972 在 1972 年他住在这儿 并没有说明他现在是否还住在这儿 考点七 现在完成进行时 1 概念以及句式结构 1 概念 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作 这个动作可能还会持续下去 I have been learning English since six years ago 自从六年前我就学习英语 2 句式结构 主语 have has been 现在分词 Tom has been collecting shells for five years 汤姆已经收集贝壳五年了 2 现在完成进行时的用法和常用的时间状语 1 强调过去发生的动作一直持续到现在 常与 all day all the morning all these years 或 for 一段时间 等连用 I ve been working in the company for 15 years 我在这家公司工作 15 年了 2 有时具有强烈的感情色彩 表示愤怒或不满 I ve been waiting for you the whole day 我一天都在等你 考点八 过去完成时 1 概念 句式结构以及常用的时间状语 1 概念 表示到过去某时为止或在过去某时之前已经发生或完成的动作 即 过去 的过去 I had cooked supper when my mother came back 当妈妈回来的时候我已经做好了晚饭 2 句式结构 主语 had 过去分词 其他 I realized I had left my homework at home when I got to school 当我到学校的时候我意识到把家庭作业忘在家里了 3 常用的时间状语 by the end of last term by then 以及 when after 等引 导的时间状语从句 I had learned 2000 English words by the end of last term 到上个学期末为止我已经学习了两千个英语单词 2 过去完成时的用法 1 表示在过去某一时间之前已经发生或完成的动作 它表示动作发生在 过去的过 去 By the time we arrived the movie had already begun 当我们到达时 电影已经开始了 2 用在 told knew heard 等动词后的宾语从句中 Lily said that she had never been to Paris 莉莉说她从没去过巴黎 3 用在含 when after before 等引导的状语从句的复合句中 When the police arrived the thieves had run away 6 当警察到的时候 小偷们已经逃跑了 考点九 过去将来时 1 概念以及句式结构 1 概念 表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态 Ann said she would help me 安说她将帮助我 2 相对于一般将来时而言 其句式结构有以下三种 would should 动词原形 was were going to 动词原形 was were doing 进行时态表将来 Bill told me he would buy a new house the next day 比尔告诉我第二天他将买一幢新房子 2 过去将来时的用法 1 在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时 用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生 的事 It was May 30 Mike had just left his home He was going to play basketball with his friend so he decided to call his friend first 那是 5 月 30 号 迈克刚离开家 他打算和朋友一起打篮球 于是他决定先给朋友打电 话 2 用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中 表示将要发生的事情或曾经打算要做的事 情 Nick asked when the meeting would end 尼克问会议何时结束 1 2012 湖南湘潭中考 29 Mary to school 10 minutes ago A went B has gone C goes 2 2012 湖南郴州中考 28 Both Alice and I the film Titanic before A have seen B has seen C sees 3 2012 湖南衡阳中考 25 Our math teacher in our school for 20 years and he here when he was 25 years old A taught comes B taught came C has taught came 4 2012 湖南株洲中考 27 If more trees planted our city will be more beautiful A were B are C will be 5 2012 湖南株洲中考 30 Have you ever been to Shanghai Yes I there with my father last year A went B have been C have gone 6 2012 贵州遵义中考 33 Hello may I speak to Zhang Jun Oh sorry He to Guiyang A has been B has gone C went 7 2012 贵州遵义中考 35 My father on business for two weeks He ll return in three days A has been away B left C has left 8 2012 湖南怀化中考 26 Look some people photos on the beach A took B takes C are taking 9 2012 四川凉山中考 33 When will your aunt leave for Shanghai I don t know but I ll call you as soon as she A leaves B will leave C left 10 2012 四川凉山中考 30 What do you think of Sanya Oh it s a beautiful city I there for several times 7 A have been B have been to C have gone to 11 Where is Ben He to the teachers office He will be back soon A go B has gone C has been 12 How was your trip to Hangzhou Jim Great We to Xixi National Wetland Park A go B am going C went 13 Nathan Hale he his life for his country A said give B says will give C said would give 14 You are too late The film since half an hour ago A has begun B has been on C began 15 There an English party in our school tomorrow evening A will be B will have C is going to have 16 Great changes in Tongren in the past five years A have happened B have taken place C have been taken place 17 How long has Sam been skating He for five hours A skated B has been skating C was skating 18 I my hometown for a long time I really miss it A have been away from B went away from C have left 19 This morning I had hardly got to my school when it to rain A had begun B was beginning C began 20 Five years ago nobody knew him although he more than 100 songs A already wrote B have already written C had already written 21 When I got to school Amy his homework A had invented B had finished C had developed 22 Can your father drive Yes and he to work every day A is driving B drove C drives 8 参考答案参考答案 专题十专题十 时态时态 专题提升演练专题提升演练 1 A 由时间状语 10 minutes ago 可知时态为一般过去时 2 A 由 before 可知时态为现在完成时 both and 连接并列主语时 谓语动词用 复数形式 3 C 由时间状语 for 20 years 可知时态为现在完成时 再由 when 引导的时间状语 从句为一般过去时 可知答案为 C 项 4 B if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来 5 A 由时间状语为 last year 可知