英语定语从句详细讲解及专项练习

定语从句的讲解及练习 1 定语从句 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句 一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行 词后面 2 关系词 引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有 that which who whom whose as 等 关系副词有 where when why 等 关系词常有 3 个作用 1 引导定语从句 2 代替先行词 3 在定语从句中担当一 个成分 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 1 who 指人 在从句中做主语 1 The boys who are playing football are from Class One 2 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way 2 whom 指人 在定语从句中充当宾语 常可省略 1 Mr Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus 2 Mr Ling is just the boy whom I want to see 注意 关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替 可省略 3 The man who whom you met just now is my friend 3 which 指物 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 1 Football is a game which is liked by most boys 2 This is the pen which he bought yesterday 4 that 指人时 相当于 who 或者 whom 指物时 相当于 which 在宾语从句中做主 语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 5 The number of the people that who come to visit the city each year rises one million 6 Where is the man that whom I saw this morning 5 whose 通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 1 He has a friend whose father is a doctor 2 I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in whose 指物时 常用以下结构来代替 3 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired 4 The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired 5 Do you like the book whose cover is yellow 6 Do you like the book the color of which is yellow 三 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时 从句常由介词 关系代词引导 1 The school that which he once studied in is very famous 2 The school in which he once studied is very famous 3 Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine that which you asked for 4 Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked 5 We ll go to hear the famous singer whom that who we have often talked about 6 We ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked 注意 1 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用 如 look for look after take care of 等 1 This is the watch which that I am looking for T 2 This is the watch for which I am looking F 2 若介词放在关系代词前 关系代词指人时用 whom 不可用 who 或者 that 指物 时用 which 不能用 that 关系代词是所有格时用 whose 1 The man with whom you talked is my friend T 2 The man who that you talked with is my friend F 3 The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable T 4 The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable F 3 介词 关系代词 前可有 some any none both all neither most each few 等代词或者数词 1 He loved his parents deeply both of whom are very kind to him 2 In the basket there are quite many apples some of which have gone bad 3 There are forty students in our class in all most of whom are from big cities 四 关系副词引导的定语从句 1 when 指时间 在定语从句中做时间状语 1 I still remember the day when I first came to the school 2 The time when we got together finally came 2 where 指地点 在定语从句中做地点状语 1 Shanghai is the city where I was born 2 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down 3 why 指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 1 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 2 I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today 注意 关系副词引导的从句可以由 介词 关系代词 引导的从句替换 1 The reason why for which he refused the invitation is not clear 2 From the year when in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up 3 Great changes have taken place in the city in which where I was born 五 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开 意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语 不能删除是对先行词的补充说明 删除后意思仍完 整 译法上翻译成先行词的定语 的 通常翻译成主句的并列句 关系词的使用上 A 做宾语时可省略 B 可用 that C 可用 who 代替 whom A 不可省 B 不用 that C 不用 who 代替 whom 限制性定语从句举例 1 The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on 2 China is a country which has a long history 非限制性定语从句举例 1 His mother who loves him very much is strict with him 2 China which was founded in 1949 is becoming more and more powerful 要注意区分以下几个句子的不同 1 His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学 他还有其他的哥哥 2 His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college 他的哥哥是当医生的 常鼓励他要考上大学 他只有一个哥哥 难点分析 一 限制性定语从句只能用 that 的几种情况 1 当先行词是 anything everything nothing something 除外 few all none little some 等代词时 或者是由 every any all some no little few much 等修饰时 1 Have you taken down everything that Mr Li has said 2 There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world 3 All that can be done has been done 4 There is little that I can do for you 注意 当先行词指人时 偶尔也可以用 who 4 Any man that who has a sense of duty won t do such a thing 2 当先行词被序数词修饰 1 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben 3 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 1 This is the best film that I have seen 4 当形容词被 the very the only 修饰时 1 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy 2 After the fire in his house the old car is the only thing that he owned 当先行词指人时 偶尔也可以用 who 3 Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting 5 当先行词前面有 who which 等疑问代词时 1 Who is the man that is standing there 2 Which is the T shirt that fits me most 6 当先行词既有人 也有动物或者物体时 1 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned 二 关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句 as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句 有相同之处也有不同之处 具体情况是 1 As 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语 代表前面整个句子 1 He married her as which was natural 2 He was honest as which we can see 2 as 引导非限制性定语从句 可放在主句之前 或者主句之后 甚至可以切割一个主句 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后 另外 as 有 正如 正像 的 意思 1 As is known to all China is a developing country 2 He is from the south as we can see from his accent 3 John as you know is a famous writer 4 He has been to Paris more than several times which I don t believe 注意 当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时 常用 which 5 Tom was always late for school which made his teacher angry 3 当先行次受 such the same 修饰时 常用 as 1 I have never heard such a story as he tells 2 He is not such a fool as he looks 3 This is the same book as I lost last week 注意 当先行次由 the same 修饰时 偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句 但是和由 as 所 引导的定语从句意思不同 4 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary s wedding 她穿着她在 MARY 婚礼上穿过的一条裙子 5 She wore the same dress as her young sister wore 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样 的裙子 三 以 the way 为先行词的定语从句通常由 in which that 引导 而且通常可以省 略 1 The way in which that he answered the question was surprising 四 but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句 1 There are very few but understand his idea but who don t 五 区分定语从句和同位语从句 1 定语从句修饰先行词 它和先行词是修饰关系 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内 容 是补充说明的关系 1 The plane that has just taken off is for London 定语从句 2 The fact that he has been dead is clear 同位于从句 2 定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导 关系词在句中充当成分 有时可以省略 同位语从句主要由 that 引导 在句中一般不做成分 句子也可以由 when where how why whether what 等词引导 充当成分 1 The news he told me is true 2 The news that he has just died is true 3 The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money 定语 4 The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve 3 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用 be 动词发展成一个完整的句子 而定语从句不可 以 1 The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful 同位语 2 The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice 3 The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all 4 The fact is that the earth moves around the earth 专项练习 一 1 The place A interested me most was the Children s Palace A Which B where C what D in which 2 Do you know the man C A whom I spoke B to who spoke C I spoke to D that I spoke 3 This is the hotel D last month A which they stayed B at that they stayed C where they stayed at D where they stayed 4 Do you know the year C the Chinese Communist Party was founded A which B that C when D on which 5 That is the day A I ll never forget A which B on which C in which D when 6 The factory C we ll visit next week is not far from here A where B to which C which D in which 7 Great changes have taken place since then 从此以后 in the factory A we are working A where B that C which D there 8 This is one of the best films A A that have been shown this year B that have shown C that has been shown this year D that you talked 9 Can you lend me the book A the other day A about which you talked B which you talked C about that you talked D that you talked 10 The pen A he is writing is mine A with which B in which C on which D by which 11 They arrived at a farmhouse in front of C sat a small boy 非限制性定语从句 A whom B who C which D that 12 The engineer D my father works is about 50 years old A to whom B on whom C with which D with whom 13 It there anyone in your class D family is in the country A who B who s C which D whose 14 I m interested in A you have said A all that B all what C that D which 15 I want to use the same dictionary D was used yesterday A which B who C what D as 16 He isn t such a man D he used to be A who B whom C that D as 17 He is good at English B we all know A that B as C whom D what 18 Li Ming B to the concert enjoyed it very much A I went with B with whom I went C with who I went D I went with him 19 I don t like C as you read A the novels B the such novels C such novels D same novels 20 He talked a lot about things and persons B they remembered in the school A which B that C whom D what 21 The letter is from my sister D is working in Beijing A which B that C whom D who 22 In our factory there are 2 000 workers two thirds of C are women A them B which C whom D who 23 You re the only person D I ve ever met could do it A who B whom C whom D who 24 I lost a book A I can t remember now A whose title B its title C the title of it D the title of that 25 Last summer we visited the West Lake A Hangzhou is famous in the world A for which B for that C in which D what 26 I have bought such a watch C was advertised on TV A that B which C as D it 27 I can never forget the day A we worked together and the day we spent together A when which B which when C what that D on which when 28 The way D he looks at problems is wrong A which B whose C what D 29 This is the reason D he didn t come to the meeting A in which B with which C that D for which 30 This machine B for many years is still working perfectly A after which I have looked B which I have looked after C that I have looked after D I have looked after 31 The reason A he didn t come was he was ill A why that B that why C for that that D for which what 32 He is working hard B will make him pass the final exam A that B which C for which D who 33 That is not the way A I do it A B which C for which D with which 34 I have two grammars D are of great use A all of which B either of which C both of that D both of which 35 I want to use the same tools C used in your factory a few days ago A as was B which was C as were D which 36 My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble B was very kind of them A who B which C that D it 37 This is the magazine D I copied the paragraph A that B which C from that D from which 38 He is not such a man D would leave his work half done A that B which C who D as 39 You can depend on whatever promise A he makes A B why