沪教版八年级英语单词词组语法

词组 1 soon after不久之后 2 publish a newspaper出版一份报纸 3 hold a meeting举行会议 4 write a report about sth for sb 就某事写一篇报告给某人 5 after school 放学后 6 at the next meeting 在下一次会议上 7 decide to do 决定做某事 8 elect sb to be sth 选某人做 9 the chief editor主编 10 vote for sb 投票给某人 11 take charge of负责 12 ought not to should not 应该 13 ask for suggestions征求建议 14 class school newspaper班 校报 15 the Reading Club 读书俱乐部 16 take notes 做记录 做笔记 17 different sections of the newspaper报纸的不同栏目 18 talk sth over with sb discuss sth with sb 与某人讨论某事 19 make a list of sth 列出 的清单 20 be free to sb 对某人是免费的 21 pay sb money for sth 为 付给某人钱 22 have different ideas 意见各异 23 a bit longer 时间 久一点 24 make a decision about sth 做决定 25 agree to do 同意做某事 26 agree with sb 同意某人 27 agree on sth 在 上达成一致 28 conclude the meeting结束会议 29 in one week s time in a week一个星期后 II 词性转换 1 consider v 考虑 in considerate a 不 体谅人的 2 publish v 出版publishing n 出版publisher n 出版者 社 3 edit v 编辑 editor n 编辑 4 choice n 入选者 choose chose chosen v 选择 5 vote v 投票 voter n 投票人 6 elect v 选举 elector n 选举人election n 选举 7 suggest v 提议suggestion n 建议 8 experience n 经验experienced a 有经验的 9 brief a 简短的briefly ad 简短地 10 decide v 决定decision n 决定 11 conclude v 结束conclusion n 结论 12 responsible a 有责任的 responsibility n 责任 13 dis agree v 不 同意 dis agreement n 不 同意 14 read v 阅读 reader n 读者 III 语言点 1 Soon after the term started some Grade Eight students at Mayfield School wanted to publish a newspaper soon after 意为 不久之后 稍后 即可作副词短语 用作时间状语 也可作连接词 引导时间状语从 句 2 They held a meeting 句中的 hold 作动词 意为 举行 此处 hold 可用 have 代替 3 We elected Joyce to be the chief editor elect 此处意为 选举 推选 elect sb to be 意为 选举某人担任 职务 也可表示为 elect sb as 4 Tony suggested that we should choose Joyce because she has experience 句中 experience 作不可数名词 意为 经验 当作不可数名词时 意为 经历 have experience 可意为 be experienced 5 Then Joyce took charge of the meeting 句中的 charge 为名词 意为 任务 责任 常见的搭配有 take charge of 和 in charge of 此处 take charge of 与 be in charge of 与 be responsible for 可替换 6 She said that we ought to elect a secretary next ought to 是个助动词 意为 应该 与 should 同意 7 She asked for suggestions ask sb for 意为 向某人寻求 suggestion 意为 建议 为可数名词 与 advice 的不同之处在于 advice 为不可数名词 8 Joyce told them to talk it over among themselves 句中 talk sth over 是 详细讨论 的意思 也可用 discuss sth 来表示 9 Should it be free to readers or should they pay for it free 意为 免费的 be free to sb 意为 对 免费 pay for 意为 付款 比较 spend cost take pay 1 spend 的主语通常是人 往往用于以下句型 sb spend some money some time on sth sb spend some money some time in doing sth 2 take 常用于 占用 花费 时间 其主语通常为形式主语 it 或物 句式是 It takes took sb some time to do sth Sth takes sb some time 3 pay 为 付款 赔偿 之意 主语通常是人 往往是 sb pays some money for sth 或 pay sb some money for sth 例如 4 cost 的主语必须是某物 常用用法是 sth cost sb some money 10 We all had different ideas and so Joyce said that we should think about this a bit longer have different ideas 意为 意见各异 a bit 意为 一点 1 a bit 不能直接修饰名词 须用 a bit of 2 a bit 可修饰形容词及形容词副词的比 较级 作程度状语 11 We agreed to conclude the meeting then agree to do something 意为 同意做某事 agree with 意为 同意 赞成 后接表示人或意见观点的词 agree on upon about 意为 在某方面达成一致意见 IV 语法 一 主要特征 情态动词后的动词都用原形 构成疑问句 通常把情态动词放在主语前 构成否定句 not 放在情态动词 之后 其缩写形式为 can t mustn t needn t shouldn t 等 二 主要用法 1 用 can could 和 be able to 表示能力 1 can 意为 能够 否定形式为 cannot 或 can t 如 He can speak five foreign languages 2 could 是 can 的过去式 因此 对于过去的时间 如 yesterday last week 等 我们不用 can 或 can t 而用 could 和 couldn t 如 When I was young I could run very fast 3 be able to 一般可以代替 can 也可以表示能力 但 can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时 could 而 be able to 则有更多的时态形式 如 My little brother has been able to write 2 用 must 与 mustn t have to 与 don t have to needn t 表示义务 1 must 用以表示 必须做某事 或 一定要做某事 具有强制性 表示一定的责任或义务 如 The windows are very dirty I must clean them 2 mustn t 是 must 的否定形式 表示 禁止 绝不允许 具有强制性 如 You mustn t play football in the street 3 must 没有过去时 要表达过去的含义 我们可使用 had to 代替 must 此外 have to 侧重这种 义务 或 责任 源于某种客观情况或规定 并非说话者本人能够控制 如 We missed the last bus so we had to walk home 4 don t have to 与 needn t 是 不必 的意思 没有强制性 两者意思相近 但在使用时 前者有人称 时态的变化 后者没有人称变化 而且一般表示现在时间的含义 如 It has just rained so he doesn t have to water the garde n You needn t swim in the sea We have a swimming pool in our hotel 5 must 用于一般疑问句中 其肯定和否定回答应引起注意 如 Must we go now 我们一定要走吗 Yes we must 是的 我们一定要走 No we mustn t 不 我们不可以走 Must I finish the work this week 我一定要在这星期完成这项工作吗 Yes you must 是的 你一定要完成 No you needn t 不 你不一定要完成 从以上例子中可以看出 用 must 提问的一般疑问句 否定回答并不一定是 mustn t 根据实际含义和 情况 我们需要正确选用 mustn t 或 needn t 来回答 3 用 can could 与 may 表示 许可 1 在请求对方的许可 或是准许你做某事时 常用情态动词 can could 和 may can 最为常用 could 较 为婉转 更有礼貌 may 则比较正式 如 Can I open the window Yes you ca n No you can t Could I borrow a pencil please Yes certainly No I m afraid not May I leave early today Yes you may No you may not 2 表示给予许可时 通常用 can 或 may 而不用 could 如 Could I borrow a pencil Of course you ca n May I sit here No you may not 4 用 can could 与 would 表示 请求 当我们需要别人的帮助时 常使用 can could 和 would 这三个情态动词进行提问 但在回答时 could 和 would 则很少使用 如 Can you open the window Yes I ca n Could you pass me the salt please Yes certainly Would you help me carry my suitcase No I m afraid not 常见的肯定回答 Of course I ca n OK All right 常见的否定回答 I m afraid I can t Of course not 5 用 must 和 can t 表示 猜测 1 must 表示说话者对某事的发生或情况很有把握 意为 肯定 一定 如 Her flat is very near Xujiahui It must be very noisy 2 can t 表示说话者有相当的把握确定某事不会发生 意为 不可能 如 You ve just had lunch You can t be hungry 6 用 should 和 ought to 表示 义务 和 建议 1 should 和 ought to 表示应该做某事 或做某事的动机是正确的 一般可以相互替换 如 You should ought to put your rubbish in the bi n 2 ought to 的否定形式为 ought not to 或 oughtn t to 构成疑问句 把 ought 提前至主语前 如 You ought not to watch TV for too long Ought we to discuss the work now 3 should 和 ought to 用在疑问句中时 常用来询问他人的见解或建议 如 Ought I to finish my homework now Yes you ought to 4 should 和 must 的区别在于 前者多用于劝说他人的错误行为或给予他人一些建议 不具备强制性 而 后者意为 必须 用于规定或约束他人的行为 具有强制性 如 You shouldn t be cruel to animals You mustn t park you car here Drive it away immediately 5 should 和 ought to 常与动词 think 连用 如 I think Carol should buy some new clothes It s late I think I ought to go home now 宾语从句 一 概念 在句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句 宾语从句可分为三类 动词的宾语从句 介词的宾语从句和 形容词的宾语从句 二 语序 宾语从句的构成为 引导词 主语 谓语 其他 其语序是陈述句语序 三 引导词 1 如从句是陈述句 用连接词 that 引导 that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略 如 We know that there are two kinds of sports 2 如从句是特殊提问句 用连接副词 why when where how 或连接代词 who m what which 引导 如 Do you know why I like team sports I don t know how they got the tickets 3 如从句是一般疑问句 用连接词 whether 或 if 引导 口语中常用 if if 和 whether 意为 是否 如 I don t know whether if they have decided on the date of the meeting 4 如从句是选择疑问句 多用连接词 whether 引导 特别是与 or not 连用时 如 I don t know whether they will come for our help or not 四 时态 1 如果主句是现在的时态 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 如 I tell him that I moved to Beijing last year I have heard that he will come back next week 2 如果主句是过去的某种时态 那么从句的时态也要用过去的某种时态 如 He said that there were no classes yesterday Tom told me that he would have a birthday party 3 如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理 自然现象等时 不管主句是什么时态 从句都要用一般现在时 如 The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound 五 从句的简化 1 当主句谓语动词是 find see watch hear 等感官动词时 从句可简化为 宾语 宾补 结构 宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 v ing 形式 如 She found that the wallet lay on the ground She found the wallet lie on the ground I heard that the birds were singing in the tree I heard the birds singing in the tree 2 当主语谓语动词是 wish decide plan agree hope 等 且主句和从句的主语相同时 从句可简化为不定 式结构 如 She agreed that she could help me with my Maths She agreed to help me with my Maths 3 在连接副词 代词引导的宾语从句中 当从句的主语和主句的主语或和间接宾语一致时 宾语从句可简 化为 连接副词 代词 不定式 的结构 如 I haven t decided when I will leave for Beijing I haven t decided when to leave for Beijing Can you tell me how I can get to the station Can you tell me how to get to the station 4 在 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句中 当主句和从句的主语相同时 从句有时也可简化为 whether 不 定式 的结构 如 I am not sure if I will go with you I am not sure whether to go with you He doesn t know whether he will stay here or not He doesn t know whether to stay here or not Section2 1 词组 1 举行一次会议 hold a meeting 2 就他们的会议内容向校长写了这份报告 write this report about their meeting for the headmaster 3 决定选出主编 decide to elect the chief editor 4 Tony 建议我们选择 Joyce Tony suggested that we should choose Joyce 5 选择她 vote for her 6 选择 Joyce 担任主编 elect Joyce to be the chief editor 7 掌管会议 take charge of be in charge of be responsible for the meeting 8 征求建议 ask for suggestions 9 开始做纪录 start taking notes 10 负责报纸不同的版面 be responsible for different sections of the paper paper 做报纸可数 11 要求他们自己讨论一下 tell them to talk it over among themselves talk over discuss 12 在下一次会议上做出决定 decide at the next meeting make a decision at the next meeting 13 罗列一些其他的事项 make a list of some other things 14 简单地讨论了最后一个问题 consider the last question briefly 15 再考虑一段时间 think about this a bit a little longer 16 同意结束会议 agree to conclude the meeting 17 安排一周后 二周后举行第二次会议 arrange to have the next meeting in one week s time two weeks time 18 在意见上达成一致 agree on ideas 19 你该赢 You deserved to win 20 我为你高兴 I m delighted for you 21 多可惜啊 What a shame What a pity 22 选我做班长 elect me monitor 23 一点不错 完全同意 You can say that again I can t agree more 2 词性转换 动词注意时态 名词注意单复数 elect v 选举 election n edit v 编辑 editor n suggest v 建议 suggestion n experience un 经验 experienced adj experiences cn 经历 read v 读者 reader n brief adj 简单的 briefly adv decide v 决定 decision n conclude v 总结 conclusion n choose v 选择 choice n agree v 同意 agreement n youth n 青年时期 young adj in one s youth When sb was young congratulatev 祝贺 congratulation n 常用复数 delight v 使高兴 delighted adj design v 设计 designer n different adj 不同的 difference n 3 语法 1 the other other others the others another 区别 one the other 表示 二者中 另一个的