河大版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）D卷

第 1 页 共 10 页 河大版河大版 20202020 年备战中考初中英语专项训练年备战中考初中英语专项训练 阅读理解 科普环保类 阅读理解 科普环保类 D D 卷卷 姓名姓名 班级班级 成绩成绩 一 一 阅读理解阅读理解 共共 5 5 题 共题 共 5252 分分 1 10 分 2019 无锡 阅读短文 从每题所给的 A B C 和 D 四个选项中 选出最佳选项 In 1845 a deadly disease struck the farms of Ireland killing all the Lumper potato plants In another place or time the death of single crop species 物种 might not have been so important But in Ireland in 1845 people depended almost solely on the potato for food The death of one species caused a terrible famine 饥荒 Now some scientists are worried that such a famine could happen again but on a much wider scale Over the centuries farmers have discovered thousands of different species of food crops Each species has special qualities Some can be grown in very hot or cold climates Others are not affected by certain diseases However you won t find many of these species in your local supermarket To feed the seven billion people on Earth most farmers today are growing only species of plants and farming only species of animals that are easy to produce in large numbers For example in the Philippines there were once thousands of varieties of rice now fewer than 100 are grown there In China 90 percent of the wheat varieties grown just a century ago have disappeared Scientists believe that over the past century we have allowed more than half of the world s food varieties to disappear One solution to this problem is to collect and store the seeds 种子 as many different plant varieties as we can before they disappear The idea was first suggested by Russian scientist Nikolay Vavilov In the 1920s and 1930s he collected around 400 000 seeds from five contients More recently others are continuing the work he began In the U S state of Iowa Diane Ott Whealy wanted to protect historic plant varieties like 第 2 页 共 10 页 the seeds her great grandfather brought to the U S from Germany more than a hundred years ago She and her husband started a place called Heritage Farm where people can store and trade seeds More importantly the people at Heritage Farm don t just store the seeds they plant them By doing this they are reintroducing foods into the marketplace that haven t been grown for years These food species are not just special in terms of appearance or taste They also offer farmers food solutions for the future from the past 1 What is this passage mainly about A The need to protect different food species B How to increase the number of food species C The fact that many food species are dying out D How to prevent food species from disappearing 2 Why are some scientists worried that such a famine could happen again A Because people depend on certain species of food crops B Because the same deadly disease may attack crops again C Because the world s population is larger than that in 1845 D Because farmers grow the same potatoes as those in the past 3 The following sentence would best be placed at the end of Meanwhile thousands of other species are dying out A Paragraph 1 B Paragraph 2 C Paragraph 3 D Paragraph 4 4 What can we learn from the passage 第 3 页 共 10 页 A The disease spread very quickly and killed thousands of people in Ireland B Around 80 percent of the rice varieties in the Philippines have disappeared C People have been storing seeds to save plane varieties for less than 100 years D Heritage Farm is the first place in the U S for people to store and trade seeds 2 12 分 2019 舟山模拟 阅读理解 Sheridan is a town in Indiana USA There are lots of trees near the public schools in the town Their leaves turn sunlight into energy 能量 In Sheridan the sun not just provides energy for plants It keeps schools running too The schools use solar panels 太阳能电池板 to turn sunlight into energy The science behind solar energy is not new But Sheridan Community Schools is the first school district 学区 in Indiana to be completely solar powered The district finished putting in solar panels for all three of its schools in 2016 Some of the panels can turn to follow the sun across the sky In 2008 fewer than 1 000 schools used solar power By 2014 there were 3 727 schools with solar panels in the USA These numbers come from a report by the Solar Foundation Roxie Brown a program director there said that the number of schools with solar panels has continued to go up since 2014 Solar energy has some advantages over other energy sources 来源 Sunlight is a renewable source which means it won t run out Solar panels don t harm the environment Also sunlight is free So by using solar power schools can save money on energy costs Brown thinks more schools should run on solar energy The sun is Earth s energy source she says We re trying to make it the energy source for our houses cars and schools too But using solar energy isn t always easy Solar panels can be expensive to put in The panels also take up space But for many schools going solar is worth it 1 What does the underlined word It refer to A A plant 第 4 页 共 10 页 B The sun C A district D The solar panel 2 Sheridan Community Schools put in solar panels A in 2008 B for all its schools C with the help of the Solar Foundation D together with other 1 000 schools in the USA 3 What does the underlined word renewable mean in Chinese A 可开发的 B 可替代的 C 可再生的 D 可加工的 4 Which of the following is the writer s opinion A Solar panels will take up less space B It may cost a lot to put in solar panels C It will never be difficult to use solar energy D Going solar is a wise choice for every school 3 10 分 根据短文理解 完成下列各题 Recent research from the Pew Internet Project suggests that 90 of Americans aged from 12 to 17 use the Internet and 51 of those teens use social networks However there are many possible problems with social networking sites and the teenagers who use them Apart from the social advantages social networking sites can be used to record school research 第 5 页 共 10 页 develop artistic talents and experiment with other forms of subject creation They provide a way to communicate with others who share the same interests and to get helpful advice on ongoing projects Along with these advantages come some dangers For example most social networking sites are open to all especially MySpace which is the most popular social network among teens in America It means that they could be put in unpleasant and frightening situations A greater danger is that teens may become objects of the people with secret purposes The secrecy of some social networking sites makes it easy for dangerous people to find young teens and invite them into dangerous conversations It s easy for them to pretend as teens and draw children into dangerous real world communication as well Then further hurt might be on its way Another danger is identity stealing which can happen when teens share too much information about their names dates of birth and locations Therefore it s very important to make sure teens are safe when they use social networks Many of the same rules that work for online chat work for these sites Don t use your real name Don t give out personal information to people you don t know A last name and a town are enough for a bad guy to find where you are Don t believe that people are who they say to be Immediately end any communication that makes you uncomfortable and report it to a parent Only if you are sure of your safety can you enjoy the fun brought by social networking Besides trying to deal with all problems on your own can lead to terrible results Remember asking your parents or school officials for help doesn t mean you are unable to do anything but wiser than many others 第 6 页 共 10 页 1 How many dangers of using social networks are mentioned in the passage A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 2 The writer takes MySpace as an example to show that A students could be put into unreal situations on the Internet B teenagers are facing unknown dangers on the social networks C Internet provides more social websites to American teenagers D social networks are very popular among teenagers in America 3 We can infer from the passage that A the dangers are similar when chatting online and surfing social networks B more than half American teenagers aged from 12 to 17 use social networks C teens who ask for help are wiser when meeting problems on social networks D there are more disadvantages than advantages for teens to use social networks 4 10 分 2019 八上 长兴月考 阅读理解 The year is 2045 A goal is scored at the soccer World Cup Is that possible Many scientists believe it is In fact there are already robots that can play soccer Today s scientists are working on robots with various skills When people started making robots they were made to do just simple things mainly in factories 第 7 页 共 10 页 Since then however robots have changed a lot Early robots were operated by humans Today s robots function 运行 themselves Some can only move around a little like robot cleaners but others can do much more like running dancing and even playing soccer Then there are robots designed to be like humans These robots have faces and can show emotions 表情 Such robots can learn new things and show us how they feel Scientists aren t just building humanlike robots They are also making robots that look and act like animals At NASA scientists are making a robot snake It s a kind of vehicles with wheels These snake buts can enter holes and move over rough 粗糙的 ground They might one day help scientists look for signs of life on Mars But can a robot soccer team ever operate all on their own or play as well as a human team Many robot scientists think so Anything is possible One day they may even be world champions 1 Today s robots can A act like animals B think like humans C look for signs of life on Mars D win the world championship 2 The underlined word various in Paragraph 1 probably means A 良好的 B 多样的 C 复杂的 D 先进的 3 The second paragraph mainly talks about A how the earliest robots worked in factories B how today s robots are different from early robots 第 8 页 共 10 页 C why early robots could not do things by themselves D why today s robots can do much more on their own 4 Which of the followings would the writer probably agree with A Scientists cannot build humanlike robots B Robots can learn new things without feelings C There won t be robot soccer players that think by themselves D There will be robot soccer Mavers that May as well as humans 5 10 分 2017 杭州模拟 阅读理解 Do you want to live another 100 years or more Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span I think we are knocking at the door of immortality 永生 said Michael Zeya a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future I think by 2075 we will see it and that s a conservative estimate 保守的估计 At the conference in San Francisco Donald Luria a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology 纳米技术 make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years he said Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years However many scientists who study in ageing are doubtful about it and say the h