高一英语必修二语法

高一英语必修二语法高一英语必修二语法 1 ModuleModule 1 1 GrammarGrammar I be going to 的用法 be going to 结构表示按计划 打算去做某事 表示人的主管意图 有时还可表示预测有 迹象要发生某事 如 How long is your aunt going to stay in China for a visit 计划 打算 Look at the clouds It s going to rain 有迹象要发生 George is putting on weight He is going to be quite fat 预测 II be going to 与 will 的区别 will 表示说话人认为 相信要发生的事 不含具体时间 可以指遥远的将来 be going to 表示按计划 打算即将发生的事 二者都可以表示 意图 但是表示事先考虑的事情用 be going to 否则用 will 如 I am not going to won t tell him about it This is a very heavy box I ll help you to carry it be going to 可以用在条件句中表示 将来 will 则不行 如 If you are going to attend the party you d better leave now ModuleModule 2 2 GrammarGrammar 不定式作状语 不定式作目的状语 He broke into the house to steal something Many drug addicts are now in treatment centers to stop taking drugs He s saving up to buy a new car He uses a computer to send emails 2 有时候在不定式前面加上 in order to 或 so as to 否定式为 in order not to 和 so as not to Let s hurry so as to go to school in time Let s hurry so as not to be late for school She studied very hard in order to catch up with others She studied very hard in order not to lag behind 3 不定式表示目的时 通常它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语 但如果不是的话 就要用 for 结构表示逻辑主语 如 高一英语必修二语法高一英语必修二语法 2 Mom opened the door for Jane and Betty to come in ModuleModule 3 3 GrammarGrammar I 时间状语从句 II 过去完成时 时间状语从句 常见的连接时间状语从句的连接词有 when while as before after until till since ever since whenever as soon as no sooner than hardly scarcely when 等 When When 还有意义为 这时 at this time 那时 at that time 常用于下列句型 Somebody was doing something when 某人正在做 突然 Somebody was about to do something when 某人正要做 突然 Somebody had just done something when 某人刚刚干了 这时 1 I was reading English when my teacher came in 2 I was about to talk in the classroom when the teacher came in 3 I had just made the mistake when the teacher came in While 观察 While they were doing homework someone broke into the house While he was still a teenager he was a big star 分析 while 引导的从句表示 在 过程中 强调某一段时间内主句和从句的动作在同 一时期发生 从句的动作表示较长时间 因此常用延续性动词 While 表示强烈的对比关系 可译成 然而 She is tall while I am short While I was studying English he was playing football 高一英语必修二语法高一英语必修二语法 3 As 试观察 1 As they were picking tea the girls were singing happily 强调两个动作同时进行 2 As he grew older he found it difficult to compose good music 两种情况一起发展变化 分析 as 引导的从句表示 当 时 一边 一边 主句和从句的动作同时发生 强调伴随 有时可译为 随着 过去完成时 1 过去完成时的构成 助动词 had 过去分词 The public wondered why the president hadn t attended the top conference 2 过去完成时的用法 1 过去完成时主要用来表明在某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作 它表示时间是 过 去的过去 如 The patient had died when the doctor arrived Up until then they had just finished half the work He had pressed the button before we could stop him When I had finished my everyday work I did some gardening 2 如果发生的动作很短暂 或两个动作紧接着发生 则常用一般过去时代替过去完成时 尤其是在含有 before after as soon as 的复合句中 因为它们本身的词义就可以表示 出先后顺序 如 Just before I left New York I sent an e mail to Mr White my teacher in the university 3 过去完成时还可以表示未能实现的希望 愿望等 常用的动词有 except hope mean suppose think 等 如 I had hoped to send him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage but didn t manage it Mother had expected me to come to her birthday party but I really had a lot of important work to do Note 当动作紧接着发生 次序明显时 只需用一般过去时 When he got home from work he was very tired He opened the door turned on the light washed his face and went to bed without taking off his clothes 2 与某个时间段或时间点连用时 一般过去时表示动作在这个时间发生 而过去完成时表 示动作在这个时间之前就已经完成 如 He learned Russian during his stay in Russia 高一英语必修二语法高一英语必修二语法 4 He had already learned Russian during his stay in Russia 3 在间接引语中 与过去完成时连用的时间状语从句常用一般过去时代替过去完成时 如 He told me somebody had phoned when I was out John said the film had been on five minutes when he got to the cinema ModuleModule 4 4 GrammarGrammar ing form and the infinitive 作主语 1 ing 形式和不定式都可在句中用作主语 一般情况下可以互换 To learn a foreign language is not easy Learning a foreign language is not easy 学习外语是不容易的 2 表示具体的 特定情况下的或有待于完成的动作时 常用不定式 To finish such a novel will take me several days 读完这本小说需要花去我几天的时间 It s impossible to get to Beijing in three hours this time because there is something wrong with our car 看来这次三个小时是到不了北京了 因为我 们的车出问题了 在 It is 形容词 如 necessary for of sb 的结构后 通常用不定式作真正 的主语 而 It is no use no good a waste of time 后通常接 ing 形式 It s quite impossible to finish the work with so little money 用这么少的钱想完成这项工作是不可能的 It s no use asking him for help 向他求助是没有用的 There is no 结构后只能接 ing 形式 There is no knowing whether he is dead or alive 无从得知他是死是活 作表语 1 两者都可用作表语 而且一般情况下可以互换 His work is to paint houses His work is painting houses 他的工作就是粉刷房屋 表示具体的 特定情况下的 将来的动作 通常用动词不定式 Our homework today is to finish the exercises 2 and 3 on page 10 我们今天的作业就是完成第 10 页的练习 2 和 3 3 主语与表语通常要保持形式一致 高一英语必修二语法高一英语必修二语法 5 To see is to believe Seeing is believing 眼见为实 作宾语 1 有些动词后面只能用不定式作宾语 常见此类动词有 ask agree beg decide determine fail hope learn manage offer plan prepare pretend promise refuse set out want wish expect demand She decided to help him 她决定帮他 admit advise appreciate avoid can t help consider 考虑 delay deny endure enjoy excuse escape face fancy finish forgive give up imagine keep keep on mind miss mention pardon permit practise put off risk resist suggest understand 等 The doctor advised taking more exercise 医生建议多做运动 I suggest doing it in this way 我建议这样做 注意 一些动词短语中含有介词 to 不要和不定式中的 to 混淆 常见此类短语 be used to come to devote to get down to lead to look forward to pay attention to refer to stick to 等 I really must get down to considering it seriously 我真的必须认真考虑一下这事了 We are looking forward to seeing you again 我们盼望着再次见到你 有些动词后既可接 ing 形式 也可接不定式 而且意义上没有差别 常见此类动词 can t stand prefer learn continue 等 I can t stand seeing to see good food going to waste 我无法忍受看到好好的粮食被浪费掉 She continue to work working after having a baby 有了孩子后她仍然继续工作 4 begin start 后跟不定式或动名词皆可 通常可以互换 但在下列情况下 只用不定 式 1 start begin 本身为时行时时 The boy noticed his father was beginning to get angry so he ran away 那个小男孩注意到他的父亲开始生气了 所以就跑开了 2 当主语为非生物名词或 it 时 A strong wind started to blow 一阵强风开始刮起来 3 当其后接表示心理活动的词时 如 understand realize know see 等 He began to realize the importance of foreign languages 他开始意识到外语的重要性 4 在 hate like love 后 表示经常性 习惯性的动词时 通常用动名词 表示特定的 具体的某次行为则用不定式 I don t like bothering him when he is busy 我不喜欢在他忙得时候打扰他 I usually like staying with him but I even hate to see him that night 我通常喜欢和他在一起 但是那天晚上我甚至不想见到他 5 在 remember forget try go on regret mean stop want need require 等 高一英语必修二语法高一英语必修二语法 6 动词后既可接 ing 也可接不定式 但含义不同 1 remember to do 记着去做 还没有做的事 remember doing 记得做过某事 2 forget to do 忘记要去做某事 forget doing 忘记了做的事 3 go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做 原来做的 同一件事 4 regret to do 遗憾将要做某事 regret doing 后悔做过某事 5 mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着做某事 6 stop to do 停止 正在做的事 去做另一件 stop doing 停止正在做的事 7 try to do 努力做某事 try doing 偿试着做某事 8 want to do 想要做某事 want doing 需要被 9 need require to do 需要做某事 need require doing 需要被 Please remember to turn off the light when you leave 离开时请记着关灯 Certainly I posted your letter I remember posting it 我当然给你寄信了 我记得寄过它 The machine needs cleaning needs to be cleaned 这台机器需要清洁了 作宾补 1 常见用不定式作宾补的动词 allow help warn ask force tell expect promise wish want We expected him to win an Olympic gold medal 我们期盼他赢一枚奥运金牌 Tell him to come early 告诉他早点来 2 不定式 不带 to 和动词 ing 形式都可在感官动词和使役动词 feel make let see hear watch listen to look at notice observe 后作宾补 不定式强调动作发生了 完成了 ing 形式则强调动作正在进行 I saw a man walk into the garden and pick some flowers 我看到一个男的进入花园 摘了一些花 进园摘花的动作已完成 I saw a man walking into the garden 我看到一个男的正在进入花园 walk 这个 动作在 我看的时候 正在进行 We heard him sing a song at the party 我们在晚会上听他唱了一首歌 他唱了一 首 我们完整的听了一首 I heard him singing a song when passing his window 高一英语必修二语法高一英语必修二语法 7 经过他的窗户时 我听到他正在唱歌 我只听了一部分 没有听完 我过去后他可能还在 唱 3 不定式在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时 在主动语态时 不能带 to 而变为被动语 态时 要加上 to They saw him steal Tom s money 他们看到他偷了汤姆的钱 He was seen to steal Tom s money 他被看到偷了汤姆的钱 作状语 不定式作状语 通常表示目的 结果 有时也放在形容词 过去分词后表示原因 ing 形 式作状语时通常表示时间 原因 条件或伴随等 I ve taken some money out of the bank to buy a laptop 目的 为了买手提电脑 我从银行了取了钱 He hurried to the school only to find nobody there 结果 他匆忙赶到学校 却发现那儿没人 I m glad to hear that 原因 听到那件事我很高兴 Seeing the picture he couldn t help thinking of those memorable days 时间 看到这张照片 的时候 他情不自禁地 想起了那些难忘的日了 Not knowing his address we couldn t get in touch with him 原因 不知道 他的地址 我们无法和他取得 联系 Working hard you will get what you want 条件 努力工作 你会得到你想要的 东西的 The baby was lying in bed crying 伴随 婴儿在床上哭泣 ModuleModule 5 5 GrammmarGrammmar 状语从句 原因状语从句 结果状语从句 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 时间状语从句 1 由 when whenever as while after before until till since once as 高一英语必修二语法高一英语必修二语法 8 soon as 等引导的时间状语从句 1 When the bell rang the guard was waiting in his seat 2 While ants grow they change their forms three times 3 Three months went by before Aqiao knew it 2 由 the minute the moment the instant the day the week the year the first time any time every time each time the last time all the time from the time by the time immediately instantly directly 等引导的时间状语从句 1 我一见到你就认出了你 I recognized you the minute I saw you 3 其中 the minute the moment the instant the second 以及 immediately instantly directly 表达的意思一样 都是 一 就 可以相互替换 Eg You must show the gentleman in immediately he comes You must show the gentleman in the minute the moment instantly he comes 另外还要注意 hardly when scarcely when no sooner than 的意义和用法 这三者的意思都是 一 就 通常都是 hardl