【超实用】限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区别

1 5 超实用超实用 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区别 观察下列从 Reading 中选取的句子 This gift was the Amber Room which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow brown colour like honey Later Catherine had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers This was a time when the two countries were at war There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea 自我总结 为 定语从句 与主句之间有逗号 为 定语从句 与主句之间无逗号 答案 非限制性 限制性 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 一 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形式与主句之间不用逗号隔开与主句之间一般用逗号隔开 功能 对先行词进行限定 修饰 如果 去掉 剩余部分的意义便不完整 不明确 对先行词作附加说明 去掉后 句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整 明确 先行词名词或名词性词组名词 名词性词组或整个主句 引导词所有的关系代词 副词 除 that 和 why 之外的关系代词 副 词 翻译常译成前置定语常译成并列分句 She has found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago 她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链 She is working hard which everyone can see 2 5 她工作一直很努力 这是大家有目共睹的 提示 并非只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句 使用非限制性定语从 句时 如果先行词指人 可用 who whom 或 whose 来引导 先行词指物 可用 which whose 来引导 先行词表时间或地点 可用 when where 来引导 它们在从 句中分别作时间状语和地点状语 二 as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 1 as 引导非限制性定语从句时 先行词一般为整个主句 而 which 引导非限 制性定语从句时 先行词既可以是整个主句又可以是主句的一部分 2 as 引导的从句位置比较灵活 可位于先行词之前 之中和之后 而 which 引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后 3 as 引导从句时常译为 正如 而 which 常译为 这 那 常用句型有 as we all know as is known to all as everybody can see as is expected 等 He did the experiment successfully as had been expected 正如期望的那样 他试验做得非常成功 He failed in the experiment which was unexpected 他试验失败了 这是没有料到的 单项填空 1 2013 江苏高考 The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China he remembers starting as early as his childhood A whereB which C whatD when 解析 考查定语从句 先行词为 passion 定语从句中缺少宾语 故用关 系代词 which 答案 B 2 2013 山东高考 There is no simple answer is often the case in science A as B that C when D where 解析 考查定语从句 此处 as 引导定语从句指代整个主句内容 含有 正 3 5 如 之意 定语从句部分译为 在科学上这是常有的事 答案 A 3 I am going to the airport to meet my uncle tomorrow morning he will be back from abroad A whoB when C whereD which 解析 when 为关系副词 引导非限制性定语从句 修饰先行词 tomorrow morning when 在从句中作时间状语 答案 B 4 The reason he refused to attend the meeting was that they didn t give him an invitation earlier A howB which C whyD because 解析 句意 他拒绝出席会议的原因是他们没有提前邀请他 he refused to attend the meeting 是一个定语从句 修饰先行词 the reason 定语从句中不缺少主 语或宾语 故用关系副词 why 引导 why 在从句中作原因状语 答案 C 5 The place I visited last summer is just the place I spent my childhood A that whereB that that C where whereD where that 解析 句意 今年夏天我去参观的那个地方就是我童年待的地方 分析句 子结构可知 第一个定语从句的先行词为 the place 从句中缺少 visited 的宾语 用 that which 引导 亦可省略 第二个定语从句的先行词为第二个空前的 the place 从句中缺少状语 用 where 引导 故 A 项正确 答案 A 6 The newly built cafe the walls of are painted light green is really a peaceful place for us especially after hard work 4 5 A thatB it C whatD which 解析 从句子结构看 cafe 后面为非限制性定语从句 因此只能选择 which 作 the walls of 的宾语 表示 咖啡馆的墙壁 the walls of which 相当于 whose walls 答案 D 7 John said he d been working in the office for an hour was true A heB this C whichD who 解析 指代主句中 he d been working in the office for an hour 这一情况 因 此只能选择 which 在从句中作主语 答案 C 8 American women usually identify their best friend as someone they can talk frequently A whoB as C about whichD with whom 解析 talk 作 交谈 讲时 是不及物动词 后接宾语须与适当的介词连用 定语从句的先行词是人 应构成 talk with sb 此处将介词提前 答案 D 9 He took the machine to show every detail of its operation A asB apart C awayD back 解析 句意 他把机器拆开 让大家看操作的每个细节 take apart 拆开 符合句意 take as 把 看作 take away 拿走 带走 take back 收回 答案 B 10 2011 浙江高考 One Friday we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help A afterB while 5 5 C sinceD when 解析 句意 一个周五 我们正在收拾行李 这时我的女儿听到求救的呼 喊 be doing when 正在做某事 这时 突然 是常用结构 故选 D 项 答案 D 句型转换 1 It is known to us that Taiwan is part of China Taiwan is part of China 2 This is the room which that my grandmother used to live in This is the room 3 Her sister teaches us English and she will go abroad next year Her sister will go abroad next year 4 We saw a film last night It was very interesting The film saw last night was very interesting 5 He failed in the exam It made his parents very angry He failed in the exam very angry 6 I have lost the pen My father bought it for my sixteenth birthday I have lost the pen for my sixteenth birthday 7 The book is worth reading He paid 6 yuan for it The book is worth reading 8 She is a teacher of much knowledge Much can be learned from her She is a teacher of much know