高中同位语从句精讲和练习题

1 同同位位语语从从句句 讲讲解解 是名词性从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 中的主要从句之一 从句作同位语 表示与之同位的名词 短语 的实际内容 它的作用相当于名词 对前面的名词 短语 加以补充说 明或进一步解释 相当于一个表语从句 它们之间的关系是同位关系 即主表关系 详详细细信信息息 一个名词 或其它形式 对另一个名词或代词进行修饰 限定或说明 这个名词 或其它 形式 就是同位语 同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致 并常常紧挨在一起 1 名名词词作作同同位位语语 Mr Wang my child s teacher will be visiting us on Tuesday 王先生 我孩子的老师 星期二要 来看我们 2 短短语语作作同同位位语语 I the oldest girl in the family always had to care for the other children 我 作为家里最大的女孩 老得照料家中的其他孩子 3 直直接接引引语语作作同同位位语语 But now the question comes to their minds Did she die young because she was a clone 但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题 多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗 4 句句子子作作同同位位语语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes 巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖 让表姐妹俩感到吃惊 同同位位语语从从句句用用法法 同位语部分是个句子 就是同位语从句 这种用法比较 固定 一 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句 它一般跟在某些名词后面 用以说明该名词 表示的具体内容 I heard the news that our team had won 我听到了我们队获胜的消息 二二 可可以以跟跟同同位位语语从从句句的的名名词词通通常常有有 news idea fact promise question doubt thought hope message suggestion words 消消息息 possibility 等等 I ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won t be able to see you this afternoon 我从 王先生那里来 他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了 三三 英英语语中中引引导导同同位位语语从从句句的的词词通通有有 连连词词 that whether 连连接接副副词词 how when where 等等 注注 if which 不不能能引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题 四四 有有时时同同位位语语从从句句可可以以不不紧紧跟跟在在说说明明的的名名词词后后面面 而而被被别别的的词词隔隔开开 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃 出城了 同同位位语语从从句句 引引导导词词 同位语从句的 引导词 引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that whether 连接代词和连接副 词等 1 连连词词 that 引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 注注 引引导导同同位位语语从从句句的的 that 不不能能省省略略 The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong 你认为不动脑筋就能做好 这件工作的想法是完全错误的 作idea 的同位语 2 注意 1 在某些名词 如 demand wish suggestion resolution 等 后面的同位语从句要用虚拟 语气 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team 有一项建议是布朗应该离 队 注意 2 引导同位语从句的连词 that 通常不省略 但在非正式文体中也可以省去 He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane 他拿起了手提 箱 给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了 2 连连词词 whether 引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 注注 if 不不能能引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor 我们是否 请专家由家庭医生来定 注意 whether 可引导同位语从句 但 if 不能引导同位语从句 其其它它引引导导词词引引导导的的同同位位语语从从句句 连接代词 what who whom whose which 引导同位语从句 1 I have no idea what size shoes she wears 我不知道她穿几号的鞋 what 作定语 2 I have no idea which wine is best it s a matter of personal taste 我不知道哪种酒最好 这是 个人口味的问题 which 作定语 3 The question who will take his place is still not clear who 作主语 4 连连接接副副词词引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 连接副词 when where how why We haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation 到哪儿去度 暑假 这个问题我们还没有决定 同同位位语语从从句句 相相关关语语法法 一一 同同位位语语从从句句在在句句中中的的位位置置 1 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词 如 news idea fact promise hope message 等 的 后面 用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容 I ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won t be able to see you this afternoon 我从王先 生那边得知一个消息 他说他今天下午不能来看你了 2 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后 而被别的词语隔开 在语法上叫做分隔 式同位语从句 The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home 她突然想起可 能在她离开家时没把门关上 二二 同同位位语语从从句句前前名名词词的的数数 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式 并且往往带有限定词 word 除外 加以修饰 Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪儿听说我不能来 三三 同同位位语语从从句句的的语语气气 在 suggestion advice request order 等意为 建议 命令 要求 的名词后 同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用 should 动词原形 的虚拟语气结构 句中的 should 可以省略 Our teacher gave us some advice how we should use the computer 老师给我们提出了一些如何使用 电脑的建议 四四 同同位位语语从从句句的的先先行行词词 同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词 常见的有 idea situation thought fact evidence belief doubt fear hope question theory news order ability 等等 How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn t feel the new clothes in him 皇帝觉得 身上并没有穿上新衣 对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的 3 代词 it 可用作同位语从句的先行词 这个it 常放在某些 动词或短语动词后作 宾语 同时兼作 其后 that 同位语从句的先行词 I owe it to you that I am still alive 幸亏你 我现在还活着 有的语法学家把先行词 it 后的 that 从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语 一般认为 这种it 后的 that 从句应看作 it 的同位语 因为它相当于 主语 be 表语 结构 You must se to it that the children don t catch cold You must see to it and It is that the children don t catch cold 你要当心 别让孩子们着凉了 同同位位语语从从句句 语语法法区区别别 与定语从句的的语法区别 1 意意义义的的不不同同 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的 它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号 而定语从 句是限制所修饰名词的 它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来 We are glad at the news that he will come 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴 news 的内容就 是 that he will come 故 that 引导的是同位语从句 We are glad at the news that he told us 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴 that 从句是 限制 the news 的内容的 即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news 而不是其他的 news 故 that 从 句为定语从句 2 引引导导词词的的不不同同 what how if whatever 等可引导名词性从句 但不引导定语从句 3 引引导导词词的的功功能能上上的的不不同同 that 引导同位语从句时 它不充当句子成分 而引导定语从句时 它作为关系代词 要么充 当定语从句的主语 要么充当定语从句的宾语 如上例 that he told us 中的 that 就充当 told 的宾 语 4 被被修修饰饰词词语语的的区区别别 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限 通常有hope wish idea news fact promise opinion suggestion truth 等 而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛 另外 when 和 where 引导定语从句 时 通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词 而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定 又如why 引导定 语从句 它通常只修饰名词 the reason 而它引导同位语从句时则不一定 I have no idea when they will come 我不知道他们什么时候来 同位语从句 I ll never forget the days when I lived there 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子 定语从句 同同位位语语从从句句 特特殊殊形形式式 1 间间隔隔同同位位语语从从句句 同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后 但有些情况下 由于句子结构的原因 同位语 从句不紧跟在名词后 而被其他的词隔开 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother s birthday 简析 由于 that 从句太长 为避免句子失去平衡 此处用了间隔同位语从句 2 suggestion request 和和 order 等等名名词词后后的的同同位位语语从从句句用用 虚虚拟拟语语气气 She made a request that the doctor should be sent for at once 她请求立即请医生来 简析 suggestion order request proposal requirement command advice proposition 和 recommendation 等名词后接同位语从句时 从句中的谓语动词要用 should 动词原形 的形式 其中 should 一词可省略 3 短短语语及及固固定定句句式式后后的的同同位位语语从从句句 I will come on condition that John is invited 如果约翰也被邀请的话 我就来 简析 短语 On condition on supposition on the ground s on the understanding with the exception in spite of the fact on the assumption 及句式 There be no doubt hope chance possibility 后的 that 从句为同位语从句 4 练练习习 一一 单单选选 1 His success was because of he had been working hard A that B the fact which C the fact that D the fact 2 Is Mary from New York City I don t know A from what city does she come from B from what city she come C what city does she come from D what city she comes from 3 makes mistakes must correct them A What B That C Whoever D Whatever 4 The reason why I didn t go to Shanghai was a new job A because I got B because of getting C I got D that I got 5 It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey A while B that C if D for 6 Henry killed the dog I ll ask him why A did he do that B he did that C he did D he has done so 7 Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know A how he is getting along B how is he getting along C what he is getting along D what is he getting along 8 It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants A however B whatever C whichever D whenever 9 He asked me with me A what is the trouble B what wrong was C what was the matter D what trouble it is 10 I am sure he said is true A that B about that C of that D that what 11 When and why he came here yet A is not known B are not known C has not known D have not bee 12 I wonder how much A does the watch cost B did the watch cost C the watch costed D the watch costs 13 Mary is someone might recognize her A afraid of B afraid about C afraid that D afraid for 14 is no reason for dismissing her A Because she was a few minutes late 5 B Owing to a few minutes late C The fact that she was a few minutes late D Being a few minutes late 15 They came to the conclusion by a computer A that not all things can be done B because of not all things be done C being not all things can be done D because not all things can be done 16 Why the explosion occurred was the laboratory attendant had been careless A for B because C since D that 17 I don t doubt he ll come A that B if C what D whether 18 Why did you go to the wrong class Mr Wang Well I forget I was supposed to go to A which the room B which room C what was the room D what room was it 19 Output is now six times it was before liberation A that B which C what D of which 20 Mary Helen is a mere washer woman yet she s now buying a big house Carol Yes Because she s always saved A what little she earns B how little she earns C for little she earns D with little she earns 21 surprised me most was such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well A That what B What that C That which D What which 22 We gave him help we could A which B what C that D this 23 She is pleased with what you have given him and you have told him A that B which C all what D all that 24 Excuse me would you please tell me A when the sports meet is taken place B when is the sports meet going to be held C when is the sports meet to begin D when the sports meet is to take place 25 Do you happen to know A what size shoes he wears B how big shoes he wears C what is the size of his shoes D what number shoes are his 26 This book will show you can be used in other contexts A how you have observed B how what you have observed C that you have observed D how that you have observed 27 Where do you think A has he gone B has he been C he s gone D was he 28 Do you know A how many populations there are in the world B how much population there is in the world C how many the population of the world is D what the population of the world is 29 Would you go and see outside A what to take place B what Tom has happened C what is happening D what the matter had been 30 The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him is 6 A what B interesting C What is interesting D I 31 I think he is Charles A Who do you think he is B Do you think who he is C Whom do you think he is D Do you think who he is 32 He didn t know which room A they lived B they lived in C did they live D did they live in 33 The little boy ate his mother gave him A that B which C whatever D no matter what 34 The city is no longer A what it is B that it used to be C which it was D what it used to be 35 My parents used they had to get a new car for me A which B that C what D all what 36 we go swimming every day us a lot of good A If do B That do C If does D That does 37 was the idea the wife thought of A What that B That what C How why D Why how 38 did he tell his wife he wished to do A That what B What that C Where which D Which where 39 One of the men held the view the book said was right A what that B that what C that which D which that 40 I have no idea or not he has finished the work A if B that C whether D which 41 Do you know His father is a doctor A what is his father B who is his father C what his father is D who his father is 42 Is this we met each other two years ago A place B place in which C where D place which 43 It Bob drives badly A thinks that B is thought what C thought that D is thought that 44 We all know the truth there are air water and sunlight there are living things A where B wherever C that D that wherever 45 They discussed they could settle the problem without others help A if B that C what D whether 46 She asked A what I was doing when she rang me up B what was I doing when she rang me up C when she rang me up what I was doing D when did she ring me up what I was doing 47 May I borrow the ring You can take you like A no matter what B which C whichever D that 48 He said that he was fond of A what beautiful is B what is beautiful C beautiful is what D what it is beautiful 49 He insisted that he in good health and to work there A was be sent B is is sent C be was sent D be send 50 Do you know he expects will give us a talk 7 A who B whom C that D whose 51 It s uncertain the experiment is worth doing A if B that C whether D how 52 They would have fixed the telephone yesterday it was a holiday A except B except for C except that D but for 53 is to do good all one s life and never do anything bad A Whichever is hard B No matter what is hard C What is hard D All what is hard 54 the boy didn t take medicine made his mother angry A That B What C How D Which 55 As the day was fine I made the suggestion for a walk in the park A we go B we will go C should we go D that we go 56 we can t get seems better than we have A What what B What that C That that D That what 57 you don t like him is none of my business A What B Who C That D Whether 58 You can t imagine when they received these nice Christmas presents A how they were excited B how excited they were C how excited were they D they were how excited 59 we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather A If B Whether C That D Where 60 he really means is he disagrees with us A What that B That what C Why that D If what 61 is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee A That B Why C How D Who 62 we ll finish translating the book depends on the time A When B Why C What D That 63 the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow s meeting A If B Where C That D What 64 he won t go there is clear to all of us A How B What C Why D This 65 you come or not is up to you A What B If C Why D Whether 66 makes mistakes must correct them A Who B Anyone C Whoever D Anybody 67 team will win the match is a matter of public concern A Which B That C If D How 68 Three days later word came our country had sent up another man made satellite A which B when C that D where 69 The problem is will go to the meeting A why B when C what D who 70 It looks it were going to rain A even if B as if C even though D like 71 That is he likes the place so much A that B what C why D how 72 That is Lu Xun once lived A what B where C that D why 73 We thought strange that Tom did not come yesterday A that B it C this D what 74 The fact she had not said anything surprised all of us A which B what C that D how 8 75 What I m considering now the money we need A is B are C were D was 76 Can you tell me A who is that gentleman B that gentleman is who C who that gentleman is D whom is that gentleman 77 leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights A Anyone B The person C Whoever D Who 78 It is well known a person eats causes changes in the body A that what when and how B that C what D how 79 The energy is makes the cells able to do their work A that B which C what D such 80 Jack was soon told he did was not necessary A why B that C how D why what 81 We should think carefully about Mr Needham said at the meeting A that B what C which D X 82 Can you point out two radios are the best A which B what C that D whether 83 You will easily know video recorders 录相机 are the same A what those B that of those C that all of D which of those 84 you have seen things like these before doesn t matter A If B Whether C What D When 85 I asked her in English she was and she told me she was an actress A who that B who X C what X D how that 86 She took it for granted I d be back home an hour ago A that B whether C if D when 87 We think it possible the local government will be able to solve the housing problem A for B that C when D how 88 Now there is a danger the ground may fall in 沉下 under the heavy traffic A whether B if C X D that 89 At that time I had no idea I could hand it to him without being seen A if B how C which D that how 90 Last Sunday he promised today but he hasn t appeared yet A that he would come B that he will come C he will come to see me D whether he would come 91 Last Sunday he made a promise he was free he would take me to Qingdao A if B that C that if D whether 92 Do you have any idea A when Miss Smith will arrive B when will Miss Smith arrive C how will Miss Smith arrive D why hasn t Miss Smith arrived 93 I have almost forgotten A how Mr Taylor s like B what Mr Taylor s face is like C what Mr Taylor s face is D which Mr Taylor s face is like 94 The true value of life is not in but A how you get that you give B which you got what you give 9 C what you get what you give D what do you get what do you give 95 Do you know A what is this used for B what this is used for C which this is used D that this is used for 96 surprised me most was A That that she spoke Japanese so well B What how could she speak Japanese so well C What that she spoke Japanese so well D That why she could speak Japanese so well 97 is to dance A That interests Mary really B Which really interests Mary C What really interests Mary D What really interest Mary 98 We were greatly amused by A what you have told us B which you had told us C