语法专题之动词的语态

语法专题之动词的语态 在上次的 动词的时态 讲义中 我们涉及到了部分被动语态的知识点 今天我们就 一起来学习动词的语态 在英语中动词的语态共分为 类 它们分别是 一 被动语态的构成形式 1 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式 被动语态由 be 过去分词构成 be 随时态的变 化而变化 以 do 为例 各种时态的被动语态形式为 1 主语 am is are done 过去分词 一般现在时 2 主语 has have been done 现在完成时 3 主语 am is are being done 现在进行时 4 主语 was were done 一般过去时 5 主语 had been done 过去完成时 6 主语 was were being done 过去进行时 7 主语 shall will be done 一般将来时 8 主语 should would be done 过去将来时 9 主语 shall will have been done 将来完成时 了解 不要求掌握 2 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1 带情态动词的被动结构 其形式为 情态动词 be 过去分词 2 有些动词可以有两个宾语 在用于被动结构时 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为 主语 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面 通常变为主语的是间接宾语 3 当 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 结构变为被动语态时 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语 其余不动 4 在使役动词 have make get 以及感官动词 see watch notice hear feel observe 等后 面不定式作宾语补语时 在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略 但变为被动结构时 要加 to 5 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组 如 动词 介词 动词 副词 等 也可以用于 被动结构 但要把它们看作一个整体 不能分开 其中的介词或副词也不能省略 3 非谓语动词的被动语态 v ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 一般时态和完成时态 二 如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时 不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构 还要知道在哪些情况中使用 被动语态 1 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 这时可省 by 短语 2 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者 3 为了更好地安排句子 三 It is said that 从句及其他类似句型 一些表示 据说 或 相信 的动词如 believe consider expect report say suppose think 等 可以用于句型 It be 过去分词 that 从句 或 主语 be 过去分词 to do sth 有 It is said that 据说 It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that 大家相信 It is hoped that 大家希望 It is well known that 众所周知 It is thought that 大家认为 It is suggested that 据建议 例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam The boy is said to have passed the national exam 四 谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1 英语中有很多动词如 break catch clean drive lock open sell read write wash 等 当它们被用作不及 物动词来描述主语特征时 常用其主动形式 表达被动意义 主语通常是物 注意 主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征 而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响 2 表示 发生 进行 的不及物动词和短语 如 happen last take place break out come out come about come true run out give out turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义 3 系动词没有被动形式 但有些表示感受 感官的连系动词 feel sound taste book feel 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义 五 非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义 在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 1 在 need want require bear 等词的后面 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义 其含 义相当于动词不定式的被动形式 2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义 但不能跟动词不定式 而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式 3 动词不定式在名词后面作定语 不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时 又和句中另一名 词或代词构成主谓关系 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义 试比较 I ll go to the post office Do you have a letter to be posted 此处用不定式的被 动语态作定语表明 you 不是 post 动作的执行者 4 在某些 形容词 不定式 做表语或宾语补足语的结构中 句子的主语或宾语又是动 词不定式的逻辑宾语时 这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义 这些形容词有 nice easy fit hard difficult important impossible pleasant interesting 等 5 在 too to 结构中 不定式前面可加逻辑主语 所以应用主动形式表示被动意义 试试看 你都学会了吗 试试看 你都学会了吗 语法巩固练习语法巩固练习 一 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 A lot of water waste every year It s a serious problem 2 Now many kinds of work can do by robots 上海 3 English speak as a second language in some countries 山西 4 Fish may catch in the river 呼和浩特 5 A new bridge build over the river last year 福州 6 I m afraid it need mending Mrs White turned off the TV 西安 7 Vegetables eggs and fish sell in that shop 8 The children often tell to be careful with fire 9 The accident happen just now 10 Now he be asked if the meeting hold next Friday 11 When school was over this morning it snow outsaide 12 you finish your homework yet Yes I it last night 13 It s nine o clock I can see they have an English class there 14 Look Jassie Some of them carry water others water the trees 15 They leave for Shanghai on business tomorrow monrning 16 My dictionary is broken I think I buy a new one soon 17 Look at the clouds please It rain 18 They come to ask for their books but they took nothing 19 At that time we often have nothing to eat Too bad you see 20 It take me 20 minutes to get to school every day 21 I learn English for 3 years before I came here 22 Lucy and Lily just come here so they don t know much about it 23 He has worked in the factory since he leave the university 24 There be a telephone call for you a moment ago And he call you again 25 I really didn t know when the movie begin It s a pity 二 将下列句子改为被动语态 1 You must send your sister to hospital at once 山东荷泽 She must to hospital at once 2 The foreigners can t understand this word 广东 This word can t by the foreigners 3 Many people speak French in China 广西 French by many people in China 4 Mike drew a picture on the blackboard 四川 A picture on the blackboard by Mike 5 Someone took away the boxes yesterday 甘肃 The boxes away by someone yesterday 6 He doesn t clean the meeting room every day 兰州 The meeting room every day 7 You can look up the word in the dictionary The word can in the dictionary 8 I ll buy my daughter a new watch A new watch will my daughter 9 The boss made the workers work all day The workers work all day by the boss 10 We saw some boys playing football behind the house Some boys football behind the house 三 单项选择题 1 The river smells terrible People must dirty things into it 南京 A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwing C stop to throw D stop from throwing 2 Many kinds of new bicycles in Number One Machine Factory now A are making B are made C have made D will make 3 Paper first invented in China 昆明 A is B are C was D were 4 Do you like the flower Yes it sweet 内蒙古 A is smelling B smelt C is smelt D smells 5 His schoolbag away by a woman ten minutes ago 河北 A took B had taken C was taken D were taken 6 It snowed heavily last night The ground thick snow 武汉 A was covered with B was filled with C was made of D was getting on with 7 The light in the room before you leave 广州 A must turn off B will turn off C are turned D must be turned off 8 Chinese by Miss Wang three years ago 吉林 A was taught B is taught C was teached D were taught 9 Young trees quite often 武汉 A should water B should be water C should be watered 10 the kind of question often in your class Ann 山东 A Does ask B Is asked C Has asked D Will ask 10 The bridge over the river three years ago 江西 A is finished B finished C was finished D has finished 11 The bridge in three weeks 深圳 A will build B is built C will be built 12 The League in May 1922 安徽 A found B was found C founded D was founded 13 The old men and the children must in our country 四川 A take good care B be taken good care C take care of D be taken good care of 14 The radio can in two days 湖南 A mend B be mend C be mended D mended 15 Alice is ill She to hospital at once 四川 A is sent B must be sent C can send D must send 16 The flowers every day or they ll die 湖北 A must water B should water C can be watered D must be watered 17 Paul doesn t have to be made He always works hard A learn B to learn C learned D learning 18 In some part of the world tea with milk and sugar A is serving B is served C serves D served 19 Have you moved into the new house No not yet The rooms A are being painted B are painting C are painted D are being painting 20 The girl was unhappy because she by some boys in the class A is laughed B was laughed C laughed at D was laughed at 21 Oh it s a nice bike How long you it Just five days A will buy B did buy C are having D have had 22 Shall we go shopping now Sorry I can t I my shirts A wash B washes C washed D am washing 23 Li Dong has Greener China for two months A joined B been C taken part in D been a member of 24 you TV at the moment No You can turn it off A Do watch B Are watching C Have watched D Did watch 25 Excuse me sir You can t smoke here Sorry I the sign A don t notice B haven t noticed C didn t notice D hadn t noticed 26 Hurry up We re all waiting for you now I for an important phone call Just go without me A wait B you was waiting C am waiting D waited 27 Why didn t you go to the movie yesterday Because I it before A am watching B had watched C watched D have watched 28 Sorry Jay Chou for half an hour You can t see him now A has left B has gone C has been away D has gone away 29 The movie Harry Potter is really interesting Yeah I it twice A have seen B see C will see D had seen 30 Jenny is a nurse She in the Town Hospital A works B worked C had worked D work 31 Don t talk loudly here My little sister A has gone out B is sleeping C sleeps D went to school 32 Hi Carol How was your trip to Disneyland Oh Alice We a good time there A have B have had C had D are having 33 Don t be worried We are just in time and we the early bus A don t miss B can miss C will miss D won t miss 34 She said she me 5 letters in one month A has written B will write C had written D wrote 35 Mike go and see who football on the playground A is playing B plays C played D were playing 36 you to Beijing Yes I will be back next Monday A Have gone B Have been C Are going D Did go 37 Li Lei is your mother at home No She work A has been to B has gone to C goes to D has been in 38 Don t worry David said he here on time very soon A came B will be C would come D can be 39 Hurry John It s time to leave OK A I m coming B I ll come C I ve come D I would come 40 Can I help you sir Yes I bought this radio here yesterday but it now A didn t work B won t work C can t work D doesn t work 四 被动语态四 被动语态练习题练习题 1 a new library in our school last year A Is built B Was built C Does build D Did build 2 An accident on this road last week A has been happened B was happened C is happened D happened 3 Cotton in the southeast of China A is grown B are grown C grows D grow 4 So far the moon by man already A is visited B will be visited C has been visited D was visited 5 A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week A is given B has been given C will be given D gives 6 A lot of things by people to save the little girl now A are doing B are being done C has been done D will be done 7 The doctor for yet A isn t sent B hasn t been sent C won t be sent D wasn t sent 8 When this kind of computers Last year A did use B was used C is used D are used 9 Who this book A did written B was written by C did written D was written 10 Mary show me her new dictionary A has asked to B was asked to C is asked D asks to 11 A story by Granny yesterday A was told us B was told to us C is told us D told us 12 The monkey was seen off the tree A jump B jumps C jumped D to jump 13 Older people well A looks after B must be looked after C must look after D looked after 14 Our teacher carefully A should be listened to B should be listen C be listened D is listened 15 In some part of the world tea with milk and sugar A is serving B is served C serves D served 16 It was reported that the murderer arrested A has been B had been C has D had 17 Do you think that the bridge in a year A would be completed B will be completed C had been completed D is being completed 18 Great changes in China since the People s Republic of China in 1949 A have taken place was founded B has taken place was founded C have been taken place founded D took place founded 19 Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy She has by her classmates A laughed B laughed at C been laughed D been laughed at 20 Doctors in every part of the world A need B are needing C are needed D will need 21 I promise that matter will A be taken care B be taken care of C take care D take care of 22 No permission has for anybody to enter the building A been given B given C to give D be given 23 I ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer A gave B was given C was giving D had given 24 Can such a thing happening again A prevent from B prevented from C be prevented from D to prevent from 25 A new house at the corner of the road A is building B is being built C been built D be building 26 This bike last year A bought B has been bought C was bought D had been bought 27 Did you see the house that by fire last year A was destroying B destroyed C would destroy D was destroyed 28 It whether she will get her work in the hospital A hasn t been decided B isn t deciding C doesn t decide D hasn t decided 29 The pen me It is hers A isn t belong to B wasn t belong to C doesn t belong to D didn t belong to 30 I can t use my bike because it A is repairing B is being repaired C will repair D was repairing 31 The chairman told the speaker that she to speak a little louder so as to make herself A was expected heard B had expected hear C had hoped hear D was hoped heard 32 The window is dirty I know It for weeks A hasn t cleaned B didn t clean C wasn t cleaned D hasn t been cleaned 33 By the end of last year another new gymnasium in Beijing A would be completed B was being completed C has been completed D had been completed 34 How long at this job Since 1990 A were you employed B have you been employed C had you been employed D will you be employed 35 What happened to the priceless works of art A They were destroyed in the earthquake B The earthquake was destroying them C They destroyed in the earthquake D The earthquake destroyed them 36 This is Ted s photo We miss him a lot He trying to save a child in the earth quake A killed B is killed C was killed D was killing 37 Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future A cut B are cut C are being cut D had been cut 38 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology so quickly A is changing B has changed C will have changed D will change 39 Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes A lose B will be lost C are lost D will lose 40 A new cinema here They hope to finish it next month A will be built B is built C has been built D is being built 课后检测课后检测 60 分 分 一 用所给动词的适当形式填空 一 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 They come to ask for their books but they took nothing 2 I really didn t know when the movie begin It s a pity 3 The girls dance in the hall at 5 10 yesterday afternoon 4 Look Jassie Some of them carry water others water the trees 5 They leave for Shanghai on business tomorrow monrning 6 My dictionary is broken I think I buy a new one soon 7 When school was over this morning it snow outsaide 8 He has worked in the factor