他因缺钱买不起这个.ppt

Unit9ChineseFood PartIReadingComprehensionandLanguageActivitiesPartIIExtendedActivities PartIReadingComprehensionandLanguageActivities Pre readingTasksNotesTranslationComprehensionworkLanguagework A B C PartIReadingComprehensionandLanguageActivities Pre readingTasksDiscussion1 DoyoupreferChinesefoodorWesternfood Whatisyourfavouritedish 2 Doyouthinkcuisinereflectstheculturalcharacteristicsofapeople Turntop 161 Fewthingsinlifeareaspositiveasfood oraretakenasintimatelyandcompletelybytheindividual Onecanlistentomusic butthesoundmayenterinoneearandgooutthroughtheother onemaylistentoalectureorconversation andday dreamaboutmanyotherthings onemayattendtomattersofbusiness andone sheartorinterestmaybealtogetherelsewhere Inthematteroffoodandeatinghoweveronecanhardlyremaincompletelyindifferenttowhatoneisdoingforlong Howcanoneremainentirelyindifferenttosomethingwhichisgoingtoenterone sbodyandbecomepartofoneself Howcanoneremainindifferenttosomethingwhichwilldetermineone sphysicalstrengthandultimatelyone sspiritualandmoralfibreandwell being KennethLo ChineseFood ThisisaneasyquestionforaChinesetoask butaWesternermightfinditdifficulttoanswer ManypeopleintheWestaregourmetsandothersaregluttons butscatteredamongthemalsoisalargenumberofpeoplewhoareapparentlyprettyindifferenttowhatgoesintotheirstomachs anddonotregardfoodashavinganyultimatemoraleffectonthem How theymightask couldeatingahamburgerordrinkingCocaColacontributeanythingtomakingyouasaintorasinner Forthem foodisquitesimplyafuel KennethLo however expressesapointofviewthatisprofoundlydifferentandtypicallyChinese derivingfromthousandsofyearsoftradition TheLondonrestaurateurFuTong forexample quotesnolessanauthoritythanConfucius theancientSageknowninChineseasK ung Fu Tzu withregardtotheprimalimportanceoffood Food saidthesage isthefirsthappiness FuTongadds Foodtomycountrymenisoneoftheecstasiesoflife tobethoughtaboutinadvance tobesmotheredwithlovingcarethroughoutitspreparation andtohavetimelavishedonitinthefinalpleasureofeating ChineseFood LoobservesthatwhenWesternersgotoarestauranttheyaskforagoodtable whichmeansagoodpositionfromwhichtoseeandbeseen Theyareusuallytheretobeentertainedsocially andalso incidentally toeat WhentheChinesegotoarestaurant however theyaskforasmallroomwithplainwallswheretheycannotbeseenexceptbythemembersoftheirownparty wherejacketscancomeoffandtheycanproceedwiththeseriousbusinesswhichbroughtthemthere TheChineseintentions arebothhonourableandwhole hearted toeatwithacapitalE Despitesuchamarkeddifferenceinattitudestowardswhatoneconsumes thereisnodoubtthatpeopleintheWesthavecometoregardthecuisineofChinaassomethingspecial Infact onecanassertwithsomejusticethatChinesefoodis nowadays theonlytrulyinternationalfood Itisubiquitous Restaurantsbedeckedwithdragonsanddelicatelandscapes servingSuchexoticasDimSinGai sweetandsourchicken andShaoShingsoup Chiao TzuandKuo Tioh northernstyle andGingAiKwar steamedaubergines havesprungupeverywherefromHongKongtoHonolulutoHobokentoHuddersfield ChineseFood ChineseFood Howdidthiscomeabout Certainly akindofChinesefoodwasexportedtoNorthAmericawhenmanythousandsofChinesewentthereinthe19thcenturytoworkonsuchthingsastheU S railways Theysettledonornearthewestcoast wherethefamousorinfamous chopsueyjoints grewup withtheirratherinferiorbrandofChinesecooking ThestandardoftherestaurantsimprovedsteadilyintheUnitedStates butLoconsidersthatthecrucialfactorinspreadingthiskindoffoodthroughouttheWesternworldwaspopulationpressureintheBritishcolonyofHongKong especiallyafter1950 whichsentfamiliesoutallovertheworldtoseektheirfortunesintheopeningofrestaurants Headds however thatthiscouldnothavehappenediftheworldhadnotbeeninterestedinwhattheHongKongChinesehadtocookandsell HedetectsanincreasedinterestinsensualityintheWesternworld Colour texture movement food drink androckmusic allthesehavebecomemuchmorepartandparceloftheaverageperson slifethantheyhaveeverbeen Itisthisincreasedsensualityandthedesireforgreaterfreedomfromage boundhabitsintheWest combinedwiththeinherentsensualconceptofChinesefood alwaysquicktosatisfythetastebuds thatisattherootofthesuddenandphenomenalspreadofChinesefoodthroughoutthelengthandbreadthoftheWesternWorld ChineseFood Thereisnodoubtthatthetraditionalhigh qualityChinesemealisaseriousmatter fastidiouslypreparedandfastidiouslyenjoyed Indeed thebringingtogetherandinitialcuttingupandorganisingofthematerialsisabout90 oftheactualpreparation thecookingitselfbeingonlyabout10 This10 isnot howeverasimplematter Therearemanypossibilitiestochoosefrom KennethLo forexample listsfortymethodsavailablefortheheatingoffood fromchuortheartofboilingtosuchothersasts ang akindofstir fryingandbraising t a deep fryinginbatter andwei buryingfoodinhotsolidssuchascharcoal heatedstones sand saltandlime Thepreparationisdetailed andtheenjoymentmustthereforematchit ThusaproperChinesemealcanlastforhoursandproceedalmostlikeareligiousceremony Itisasharedexperiencefortheparticipants notalonelychore withitsprocessionofplannedandcarefullycontriveddishes someelementsdesignedtoblend otherstocontrast Meatandfish solidsandsoups sweetandsoursauces crispandsmoothtextures freshanddriedvegetables alltheseandmorechallengethepalatewiththeirappropriatecharms ChineseFood InaChinesemealthathasnotbeenalteredtoconformtoWesternideasofeating everythingispresentedasakindofbuffet theguesteatingalittleofthis alittleofthat Individualportionsassucharenotprovided Aproperlyplanneddinnerwillincludeatleastonefowl onefishandonemeatdish andtheirpresentationwithappropriatevegetablesisnotjustamatteroftastebutalsoaquestionofharmoniouscolours Theeyemustbepleasedaswellasthepalate ifnot thenacertainessentiallyChineseelementismissing anelementthatlinksthiscuisinewiththatmosttypicalandyetelusiveconceptTao EmilyHahn anAmericanwhohaslivedandworkedinChina hasagreatappreciationbothofChinesecookingandthe way thatleadstomoralityandharmony Sheinsiststhat thereismoralexcellenceingoodcooking andaddsthattotheChinese traditionally alllife allactionandallknowledgeareone Theymaybechoppedupandgivenpartswithlabels suchas Cooking Health Character andthelike butnoneisinrealityseparatefromtheother ThesmoothharmoniesandpiquantcontrastsinChinesefoodaremorethanjusttheproductsofrecipesandpersonalenterprise Theyareanexpressionofbasicassumptionsaboutlifeitself KeenthLeisaChineseBritish well knowngourmetandsuccessfulrestaurantowner Heistheauthorofanumberofbooksonfood attendtomattersofbusiness takecareofbusinessmatters andultimatelyone sspiritualandmoralfiberandwell being Foodcandeterminewhetherapersonisspirituallyandmorallystrongandsound quotesnolessanauthoritythanConfucius citesasimportantanauthorityasConfucius Nolessthan asmuchas e g Ipaidnolessthan 25forthebook withregardtotheprimalimportanceoffood inrelationtothesupremeimportanceoffood tobesmothered throughitspreparation Greatloveandcarearetobegiventothepreparationoffood tosmother with togiveanexcessiveamountofsomething suchaslove attention careetc to tohavetimelavishedonit pleasureofeating tospendplentyoftimeenjoyingthefood plainwalls wallsunadornedwithpaintings picture etcproceedwiththeseriousbusiness goonwiththeseriousbusinessofeating toeatwithacapitalE toperformtheceremoniousactofeating i e toeatreallyseriously Hoboken acityintheeasternpartoftheUSA Huddersfield atownnearLeeds BradfordandManchesterintheUK chopsueyjoints smallrestaurantsservingaChinese styledishofmeatstewedandfriedwithbeansprouts bambooshoots onions andservedwithrice Joint aninformaltermforacheaprestaurantornightclub usuallyinpoorcondition Certainly akindofChinesefood astheUSrailways ManyChineseemigratedtoAmerica especiallytothewesternpartoftheUSA inthe19thcenturytoworkonrailwayconstructionjobsandtheybroughtwiththemsomekindofChinesefood e g Hecannotbuyitbecauseofhislackofmoney 他因缺钱买不起这个 allthesehavebecomemuchmorepartandparceloftheaveragepersonslife Sensualpleasures color texture movement food drink rockmusic havebecomeanimportantpan ofpeople slivesintheWest phenomenalspread incrediblywidespread spreadtoaverylargearea quicktosatisfythetastebuds Chinesecooksarealways readytosatisfypeople sdesirefortastyfood tastebuds smallpointsonthesurfaceofone stongue sensitivetotheflavoroffoodordrink Thelengthandbreadthof inorthrougheverypartof alltheseandmorechallengethepalate therichvarietyofChinesefoodwillneverfailtoattractpeople Itisasharedexperience otherstocontrast eatingaChinesemealinarestaurantisacommunalexperienceofsharingmanydifferentkindsofdishes painstakinglydesignedtocreatespecialeffects Theeyemustbepleasedaswellasthepalate Chinesefoodispleasanttoseeaswellastotaste InaChinesemealthathas asakindofbuffet TheChinesehavenotchangedtheirwayofeatingtofollowtheWesternpractice InaChinesemeal foodispresentedasakindofbuffet witheachpersonhelpinghimselftotheindividualdishes thereismoralexcellenceingoodcooking thereisaspiritualdimensiontoChinesecookinginthatwheneatingoneparticipatesintheultimateunityandinterconnectednessofalllife food animals plants fruits humanbeings water etc thatis participatesinTao theultimateonenessandharmonyoftheuniverse 中国饮食 生活中很少有什么东西像食物这样真切实在 或者说那么彻底地为个人接纳吸收 一个人可能在听音乐 但是音乐可以从一只耳朵进去再从另一只耳朵出来 一个人可以在听讲座或别人的谈话时胡思乱想些其它事物 一个人可以在料理生意上的事务而他的心思和兴趣另有所属 而在吃饭就餐时 一个人几乎不可能长时间地对自己正在做的事情完全无动于衷 一个人怎么能对即将进入身体并成为身体一部分的东西保持绝对的无动于衷呢 一个人怎么能对即将决定自己体力以及最终决定自己的精神和道德品质及幸福安康的东西一直无动于衷呢 肯尼斯 卢这是一个中国人要问的简单问题 但是西方人可能感到难以回答 在西方 许多人是美食家 而一些则是贪吃者 但是在他们中间还有为数不少的人似乎对进入他们胃里的东西并不在意 也不认为食物会最终对他们的品性生产影响 他们可能会问 吃个汉堡堡或喝点可口可乐 对你成为一个圣人还是一个罪人会有什么影响呢 对他们来说 食物纯粹就是一种燃料 然而 肯尼斯 卢却表达了一种截然不同的 典型的中国化的观点 这一观点源自中华几千年的传统文化 例如说到食物的重要性 伦敦餐馆经理付东引用了一位如同孔子 中国人称这位古代圣人为孔夫子 一样权威人士的话 这位圣人说 食物是第一需要 民以食为天 付东又补充说 食物对国人来说是生活中的一大乐事 需要事先考虑 需要精心焖煮 还要肯花时间享受最后的美味佳肴 中国饮食 卢发现西方人走进餐馆 通常要点一张好桌子 也就是一个可以看到别人 别人也可看到你的好位子 他们去那里的目的通常只是为了社交娱乐 顺便吃点东西 而中国人则不同 走进餐馆后 他们要一个有普通墙壁相隔的小房间 在这里 除了自己 别人是看不到的 他们可以脱掉上衣 开始这一严肃认真的事情 吃饭 这才是他们来这儿的目的 中国人的意图既是高尚的 又是全心全意的 即 吃要认真 正式 尽管在对待饮食的态度上存在如此明显的差别 但是毫无疑问 西方人已经开始承认中国烹饪的与众不同 事实上 可以公正地断言 中国饮食是当今唯一真正国际化的饮食 它无处不在 装饰着龙及精美风景画的餐馆 经营各种异国风味的美食如糖醋鸡 绍兴汤 烧酒和锅贴 北方风味 还有清蒸茄子 已经在各地如雨后春笋般涌现出来 从香港到火奴鲁鲁 从霍博肯又到哈德斯菲尔德 这是怎么回事呢 确实 在19世纪 当成千上万的中国人到北美做些为美国修建铁路之类的事时 一种中国食物便进入到了北美 他们定居于西部海岸或靠近西部海岸的地方 在那里各种知名的或者不知名的 炒杂烩馆 发展起来 经营的都是些档次比较低的中国菜肴 在美国 这些餐馆的标准在稳步提高 可卢却认为促使这种食物在西方世界推广开来的关键的因素是 前 英殖民地香港的人口压力 特别是1950年以后 许多家庭因此移民到世界各地 靠开餐馆赚钱致富 他还说 假如社会对香港的华人出于无奈而烹饪和销售的那些东西不感兴趣的话 也不会发生这样的事情 中国饮食 他发现在西方人们越来越重视感官享受 色泽 质地 运动 食物 饮料 还有摇滚乐 所有这些已经成为人们生活中的重要组成部分这是前所未有的 正是西方这种与日俱增的感官享乐主义以及摆脱根深蒂固的生活习惯束缚的愿望 再加上中国饮食所固有的感知理念 很容易满足人的味觉 才可使得中国饮食能够快速遍布西方世界各个角落 勿庸置疑 传统的高品质中餐是一件严肃认真的事 制作考究 品味上乘 事实上 原材料的初加工 拼摆及搭配约占实际准备过程的90 烹调本身只占10 然而这10 却并非易事 有各种方式可供选择 肯尼斯 卢列出了食物烹饪的40种方法 从煮或者说煮沸的艺术到其他方法如酱 一种炒加炖的烹调方法 塌 将食物沾上面糊后在油里炸 还有煨 就是把食物埋在滚烫的木炭 或烧热的石块 沙子 盐和石灰里面煨熟 既然准备过程是复杂的 那么美餐的享用自然也应当与之相配 因此一顿传统的中餐会持续几个小时 其进行过程就像一次宗教仪式 它需要参与者共同分享 而非各自的任务 因为有一系列经认真策划 精心设计的菜肴 其中一些成分是用于调味 另一些则用于衬托 肉类 鱼类 炒菜 汤菜 酸汤甜汁 脆生生滑溜溜之物 鲜菜和干菜 所有这些以及其他 他们各具特色都在吊我们的胃口 中国饮食 在一次未受西方饮食思潮影响上的中餐中 所有食品摆在餐桌 犹如一种自助餐 宾客可吃点这个 吃点那个 单人份饭是不会提供的 搭配合理的一餐应至少包括一道鸡 一道鱼和一道肉 而他们与适当的蔬菜搭配摆出也并非仅是味道问题 也是色泽搭配问题 味觉要满足 视觉也如此 色香味具佳 否则 一种本质上中国特色的东西 也就是使中华美食与那典型在而令人难以捉摸的道家观念相联系的因素就消失了 艾米莉 哈恩 一个曾在中国工作生活过的美国人 对中国烹饪以及体现道德与和谐的 方式 颇为欣赏 她坚持认为好的烹饪融汇了道德的精髓 她还说 对于中国人来说 传统上 行为 生活以及所有的知识都是一个整体 他们可以被切割开来 分成部分 贴上标签 如 烹饪 健康 性格 等诸如此类的东西 但是实际上 没有一种能与其相分离 中国饮食中的这种水乳交融和令人垂涎的相互映衬并不只是烹调食谱和个人生意的产物 他们是对生活基本学说的一中诠释 Comprehensionwork P164 Discussthefollowingquestions 1 WhatisKennethLo sviewoffoodandeating 2 HowdoesLo sviewcontrastwiththeapproachcommonamongtheWesterners 3 WhatauthorityiscitedtosupportLo sview Comprehensionwork Discussthefollowingquestions 4 WhatdifferenceistherebetweentypicalWesternersandChineseintheirbehaviourinarestaurant 5 HowhasChinesefoodfaredintheworldatlarge Howhasthiscomeabout 6 Whatisa properChinesemeal like AndhowdoesitreflectthebasicculturalcharacteristicsoftheChinese Languagework A p 165 1 Themanageroftheindebtedcompanywaselusive Hecouldnotbereachedbyphone Sofinally wehadtoaskthepoliceforhelp hardtofind catch 2 OnNationalDaythecity smainstreetsarebedeckedwithflagsandcolourfulballoons decorated 3 Tocatertopubliccuriosity themediaoftenlavishtheirattentionontheprivatelivesofsomemoviestars spendtoomuch 4 Theaudiencecheeredinecstasywhentheirfootballteamscoredadecisivegoalinthelastminuteofthematch greatjoy Languagework A p 165 5 Wehavetoconsidertheinherentriskofinvestinginthatcountrybecauseofitspoliticalsituation innate in built 6 Hardlycanyoubefreefromtheassaultofthoseubiquitousgarishadvertisementsthataimtolureyouintobuyingthisorthat bepresenteverywhere 7 Theyoungman sfather whoseforesighthadsavedthecountryfromplungingintowar wasregardedasasageinthekingdom anoldandwiseman 8 Ifhumanbeingsaretosurvive theymustliveinharmonywithNature astateofpeacefulagreement Languagework B p 166 1 Beautifulpackagescancreateadream andthatistheattherootoftheirappeal 2 Thepopsinger sfamehasdramaticallydropped buthedoesnotknowhowthishascomeabout 3 InEnglishtherearemanyloanedwordsthatarederivedfromLatinandGreek 4 Withregardtofoodsupply ourlogisticsdivisionwillattendtoeverything 5 Everyhotelmustinstallafirewarningsystemwhichconformstotherequirementsofthelocalgovernment Languagework B p 166 6 Assoonaswarwasover theadministrationbegantoattendtothereconstructionofthelocaleconomy 7 Theclosingdownofunprofitableoverseasbranchesispartandparcelofthecompany splantosavemoney 8 Afteransweringaquestionfromsomeoneintheaudience thelecturerproceededwithhisspeech 9 Childrenwouldfailtomakeprogress iftheirteachersandparentsremainindifferenttotheirsuccess 10 Thepeacefulsettlementoftheethnicclashintheregionwaswelcomedthroughoutthelengthenandbreadthofthecontinent Languagework C p 166 1 a Helookedasifhewasattendingtohiswork butactuallyhewasthinkingaboutthefootballmatchhesawthenightbefore b Shewasapparentlyattendingcloselytoherschoolwork yetherthoughtswerealtogetherelsewhere c YouneverseemtoattendtowhatIsay sothere snopointinyourcomingtomyclasses Languagework C p 167 a Inthematterofajobinterview yoursuccesslargelydependsonyourownconfidence b Inthematteroffamilyplanning peoplehavetounderstandwhyitisimportanttostoppopulationfromgrowingtoofast c Inthematteroflifeanddeath veryfewofuscanremainascalmashedid Languagework C p 167 3 a Mathaobservedphilosophically lifeisfullofproblems b Inhisspeech thePresidentobservedthattheeconomywouldimproveinthefollowingyear c Themanagerobservedthatthecompanywouldneedrestructuringtoenhanceitsmarketperformance Languagework C p 167 4 a Beingrecognizedinthestreetispartandparcelofbeingfamous b Thesethingshappentobepartandparcelofmyeverydayreality c Keepingaccountsispartandparcelofmyjob Languagework C p 167 5 a Ihavenothingtosaywithregardtoyourcomplaints b IamwritingtoyouwithregardtoyourletteronMarch15th c Hewantstospeaktoyouwithregardtoyourpersonalfinancialsituation Languagework C p 167 6 a Samhasnoappreciationofthefinerthingsinlife b Shehaslittleornoappreciationofgoodmusic c CharliehasagreatappreciationofbothclassicalarchitectureandChinesecalligraphy PartIIIExtendedActivities DictationGrammarworkTranslation Dictation ScriptoftheDictationTheremaycomeatimewhenyou