语法专题十二

专题十二专题十二 冠词冠词 不定冠词的考查要点 1 表示数量 一 相当于 one I ll return in a day or two 2 表示 同一 相当于 the same The children are of an age 3 表示泛指或类指 指人或事物的某一个 某一类 He wants to be a doctor 4 用于某一些表示重量 长度 时间等单位前 表示 每一 We have meals three times a day 5 用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个 相当于 a certain A Mr Li is asking to see you 6 与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用 表示 一种 一类 一份 一场 一阵 a heavy rain 7 用在某些固定词组中 have a swim swim 题组训练 1 根据语境在下面的空格处填上合适的冠词 1 It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man 2 It s said John will be in a job paying over 60 000 a year Right he will also get paid by the week 3 Dr Peter Spence headmaster of the school told us A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge 4 The biggest whale is a blue whale which grows to be about 29 meters long the height of a 9 storeyed building 5 We can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world 定冠词的考查要点 1 用于上文提到过的人或事物前 I have bought a book The book is very useful 2 用于说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物前 Close the window please 3 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前 如 the sun 4 用于表示方位的名词之前 如 in the east 5 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前 如 the first 6 用于形容词之前 使其名词化 表示一类人 7 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前 8 用于江河 海洋 海峡 山脉 群岛 建筑物等名词之前 如 the West Lake 9 用于复数姓氏之前 表示 夫妇 或 全家 10 用于作为课程或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前 如 play the piano play the violin 11 用于表示单位的名词前 如 by the day 按日 12 用于年代 朝代 时代名词前 如 in the 1970s 13 用于某些固定词组中 如 in the morning 题组训练 2 根据语境在下面的空格处填上合适的冠词 1 Let s go to the cinema that ll take your mind off the problem for a while 2 What a pity that you couldn t be there to receive the prize 3 Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in the weather around the world 4 As is known to all the People s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world 5 As he reached the front door Jack saw a strange sight 不用冠词的情况 1 不含普通名词的专有名词 物质名词 抽象名词 人名 地名等名词前 一般不加 冠词 如 China America 2 可数名词前有物主代词 指示代词 名词所有格等限制时 不加冠词 Einstein s theory proved to be correct 3 季节 月份 星期 节日 假日 一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词 如 March have supper 4 称呼语前不加冠词 What shall I do next Mother 5 表示独一无二的头衔 职务名词作表语 同位语或补足语时 一般不加冠词 6 学科名称 球类 棋类名称前不加冠词 7 复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时 前不加冠词 8 在与 by 连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词 9 连系动词 turn 后的表语单数可数名词前不加冠词 The young worker has turned writer 10 as though 引导的倒装让步状语从句中的表语 单数可数名词 置于句首时不加冠词 Child as he is he knows a lot 11 某些固定词组中不加冠词 如 husband and wife arm in arm 题组训练 3 根据语境在下面的空格处填上合适的冠词 1 Everything comes with a price there is no such thing as free lunch in the world 2 It s a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure 3 In communication a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude 4 What fun it is to swim in the river in summer 5 Jack monitor of our class is a hard working student 语法填空 A Children as young as six are risking heart problems in later life because they spend too much time watching TV or playing on computers scientists warn A study of 1 492 primary school pupils found that those 1 who spent hours glued to the screen suffered narrowing of blood vessels in their eyes 2 an early warning sign of increased likelihood of heart disease and high blood pressure But those who exercised 3 for one hour a day were significantly healthier The study 4 was carried carry out by Dr Bamini Gopinath and a team of researchers at the University of Sydney Parents answered a questionnaire detailing the amount of time their children spent 5 watching watch TV playing video games and engaging in indoor and outdoor physical activity Scientists then took digital photographs of the blood vessels at the back of each child s eye and calculated 6 their size They also measured height weight body mass index and blood pressure They found 7 on average children spent 1 9 hours per day watching TV or playing on their computer and only 36 minutes doing physical activities They had an average retinal arteriolar narrowing of 2 3 microns 8 But those who regularly participated in outdoor physical activity had retinal blood vessels that were 2 2 microns 9 wider wide Dr Gopinath said that 10 replacing replace one hour a day of screen time with physical activity could be enough to stop the effects B What are the reasons why people still continue to smoke 1 The number of teenagers smoking today has increased tremendously Their parents do 2 their best to stop them from starting the habit however most of them are 3 unsuccessful success Teenagers experience a feeling of isolation It is the time that they are confused about 4 which role to take in society Most of them usually have identity crisis 5 at this age and smoking makes them feel better Peer pressure is also a great factor to this Those 6 who are non smokers are often convinced by smokers to engage in this activity Teenagers feel that if they won t join the group they would lose their friends and will 7 be left leave alone There are also some people who smoke because of the nature of their jobs Call center agents and those who work at night love smoking while waiting 8 for their shifts at work This is to keep them awake and attentive to answering their clients and 9 finishing finis