高考英语【名词性从句】

1 专题十专题十 名词性从句名词性从句 第一节 基本知识与基本概念 什么是名词性从句 什么是名词性从句 根据从句在句子中的功能分根据从句的性质分 定语从句形容词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 名词性从句 状语从句副词性从句 主语从句 顾名思义 主语从句在句子中作主语 有时本身出现在主语的位置上 也有时出于句子结构的考 虑退到句子的尾部 前面用形式主语 it 代替 从句作主语时 谓语动词一般为单数形式 如 What I saw was beyond any verbal description That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit Why the company denied the contract is still unknown When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received 宾语从句 在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句 由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句 应该问题不大 所以在近年的高考题中 以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少 但是 宾语从句也有自己的特殊情 况 如介词的宾语 形容词的宾语 宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象 如 We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests He told the police in detail what he saw and heard Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years That will depend on whether they can get the chance Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again 表语从句 表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面 如 The only question left is how often the workers are paid His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating 同位语从句 从脸谱上看 同位语从句最为麻烦 因为它们也是出现在一个名词的后面 起着解释说明的作用 有点像定语从句 这个点是许多学生容易混淆的地方 但是 只有我们能把握住关键 即 定语从句 2 的先行词在从句中必须作一个成分 并且这个成分应该是个空白 也就是说 定语从句必须缺少成分 这一点恰恰是同位语从句所不能做到的 同位语从句前面的名词在从句中是没有位置的 况且 也不 是所有的名词后面都会跟同位语从句 只有那些 有内容的名词 才需要解释 如 fact news idea truth hope problem information belief thought doubt 等 等 如 That fact that the policeman didn t fire at the man at all was ignored Do you have any idea what is going on in the classroom The possibility that we can work at home makes everybody excited 连接代词 连接副词和连接词 通过以上介绍 我们可以看出 四种名词性从句都需要有一个连接性词在从句的开头 这个词是 什么性质 要看它在从句中作作的成分 如果作的是主语 宾语 表语的话 这个词就是连接代词 如果作的是主语 宾语 表语的话 这个词就是连接代词 如果作的是各种状语 就叫连接副词 如果不作任何成分 就叫连接词 如果作的是各种状语 就叫连接副词 如果不作任何成分 就叫连接词 如下表 连接词 that if whether 引导名词性从句 的连接词 连接代词 who whom what whose which whichever whatever whoever 连接副词 when where how why 第二节 考点分类解析 考点一 语序问题考点一 语序问题 名词性从句的语序问题一直断断续续地在各地高考题目中出现 由此可见其重要性 其实说来非 常简单易记 永远陈述语气永远陈述语气 即名词性从句中不会出现助动词提前的现象 如 Who he is doesn t matter much When and where we shall have the sports meet is a question I don t know what his name is I don t know what is wrong with him I don t know what is the matter with him You can t imagine how excited I was at that time Can you tell me what size shoes you wear No one can be sure in a million years A what will man look likeB what man will look like C man will look like whatD what look will man like 答案 B 这个题就是典型的考查宾语从句的语序问题 根据以上所述 应该是陈述语序 所以 A C 两个选项就不可能了 而 D 选项明显不符合我们的语言习惯 考点二 考点二 that 和和 what 的区别问题的区别问题 能引导名词性从句的关系代词有 who whom what whose which whichever whatever whoever 八 个 为何单独讲 what 的用法呢 重要 在考试中出现的频率高 在本书第一章 定语从句 中 我 3 们提到过 what 是不能引导定语从句的 定语从句中如果缺少的成分是主语 宾语 表语 我们选 择的是关系代词 that 或其他 现在山头换了 到了名词性从句的知识范围了 What 在名词性从句中在名词性从句中 就很有用武之地了 还是分析成分 what 在从句中作的主语 宾语 表语 而在从句中作的主语 宾语 表语 而 that 只是一个只是一个 连接连接 词词 既不作什么成分 也没有什么意义 既不作什么成分 也没有什么意义 如 What you did doesn t agree with what you promised What he couldn t understand was why his teacher was never satisfied with him The matter of salary is what I care most if I decide to change my profession What we can t get always seems better than what we have already got I think that your composition is no better than his That you don t love her is not my business What we have seen is different from A we heardB we have heardC what we heardD what we have heard I couldn t agree with at the meeting A that you saidB which you saidC all what you saidD what you said 考点三 考点三 that 和和 whether 的区别问题的区别问题 有时候 它们两个比较难以区别 因为 它们都是连接词 都在从句中不作成分 但是 它们 之间最大的区别在于 意义 即 that 在从句中既不作成分 也没有自己的意义 而 whether 就不同了 它虽然不在从句中作什么成分 但是它又意义 即 是否 这就能够左右从句的意思 使从句所表达 的意思变成一个还没有确定的因素 如 I don t know whether he can join us or not I m sure that he can join us It is none of your business whether I love her It is none of your business that I don t love her 综上所述 区分 that 还是 whether 重要一点就是看主句需要从句表达一个什么意思 是确定的 还是不确定的 是事实还是疑问 前者选 that 后者选 whether 如 I have no doubt Mr Johnson will make it here on time A that B whether C why D when 答案 这个题之所以选择 that 就是因为前面的 I have no doubt 毫无疑问 这样 的主句已经不再需要从句表达什么 是否 了 No one can be sure the board will accept our conditions A that B whether C why D what 答案 这个题中的 No one can be sure 没有人能肯定 就要求从句表达一个 董 事会能否接受我们的条件 的意思 而不能是一个既定的事实 考点四 考点四 if 和和 whether 的区别问题的区别问题 二者在引导宾语从句时都有 是否 之意 但并不是永远可以互换 一般认为 二者可 以互换的环境也只有在宾语从句中 如 He didn t give us explicit reply whether if he will attend our wedding ceremony 而在介词的宾语从句中 在主语从句中 在表语从句中 在同位语从句中 在和不定式搭配的结构中 等等 习惯上只能用 whether 如 1 we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather 4 A IfB WhetherC ThatD Where 2 The question of they are old or young is not important A whichB whetherC howD if 3 The question is the film is worth seeing A ifB whatC whetherD how 4 He doesn t know to stay or not A ifB whenC whetherD how 5 The news our team has won the match is unknown A whichB ifC whetherD then 值得注意的是 有些资料依然强调值得注意的是 有些资料依然强调 if 不能与不能与 or not 搭配的问题 过去有过这样的规定 只是在现搭配的问题 过去有过这样的规定 只是在现 代英语中 已经不再强调了而已 现在认为代英语中 已经不再强调了而已 现在认为 if or not 也可以接受 也可以接受 考点五 考点五 wh 词和词和 wh ever 的区别问题的区别问题 一般认为 wh 词在引导从句时 依然保留了很大部分的疑问词的本色 所以 它们引导的从句 在意思上应该表达的是一个 问题 如 谁 什么 何时 何地 为何 怎么 等 而 wh ever 已 经没有这层色彩 不再关心这样的 问题 而是充满了让步的意味 多有 无论 之意 如 The police wanted to know who will benefit most from the old man s death 警方想知道谁将从老人的去世中受益最多 Whoever will benefit from the old man s death will be questioned by the police 能从老人的去世之中受益的所有人都将受到警方的盘问 Who will be sent to help the people in the flooded areas hasn t been announced 谁将被派往洪灾区去救援还没有宣布 Whoever will be sent to work in the flooded areas will spare no effort to help the people in need 不管是谁被派往灾区救援都会全力以赴地帮助灾民 考点六 no matter wh 和 wh ever 的区别问题 二者都有 无论 之意 在引导让步状语从句时确实可以互换 没有什么区别 但是 no matter wh 只能引导状语从句 不能引导名词性从句 Wh ever 则二者兼收 来去自由 由此包含与 被包含的关系决定 二者同时出现而必选其一时 答案肯定是 wh ever 如 Whoever breaks the rules will be punished 主语从句 Whoever No matter who breaks the rules he she will be punished 状语从句 Don t believe whatever he tells you 宾语从句 Don t believe him whatever no matter what he tells you 状语从句 考点七 名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题 先看宾语从句的虚拟语气 一般说来 如果从句作的是表示说话人某种观点 态度或要求等语气 的动词的宾语时 从句中要求用 should 动词原形的虚拟语气 should 经常可以省略 这些动词常 见的有 desire demand require request order propose command advise suggest 等 如 例 例 He insisted that she should spend more time studying He demanded that we should be on time The boss required that all waiters should keep standing all day long The publishing house suggested that I should type my book out 5 有两个特例是高中老师不愿意错过的 那就是 suggest 和 insist 它们俩后面的宾语从句是否用虚 拟语气还要看具体语境来定 如 The doctor suggested that I had a cold 这个 suggest 的意思是 解释 说明 后面不用虚拟语气 The big smiles on her face suggested that she had passed the test 这个 suggest 的意思是 表明 后面不用虚拟语气 The doctor suggested that I should stay in bed for a few day 这个 suggest 的意思是 建议 后面用虚拟语气 The young man insisted that he was well enough to serve in the army 这个 insist 坚持的是一个事实不是一种观点 后面不用虚拟语气 That young man insisted that he should be sent to the front 这个 insist 坚持的是一种观点 即 他应该被派往前线 后面用虚拟语气 以上是宾语从句中的虚拟语气现象 如果是其他三种名词性从句 只要和上述动词有关 也享受同 样的待遇 如 The headquarters suggestion is that we should wait for another few days 表语从句 His order that all the soldiers should swim across the river was refused 同位语从句 It is strongly recommended that you should take a taxi 主语从句 另外 在下面这几个特殊的句型中 后面的主语从句也用虚拟语气 a It is important necessary natural a wonder essential 必要的 suggested that should do 如 It is important that you should be on time It is necessary that you should exercise regularly b I wish that did 如 I wish I were a bird I wish one day I could live on the moon c I d rather that did 如 I d rather you did it yourself I d rather I hadn t lent you that bicycle yesterday 考点八 宾语从句的反意疑问句的问题考点八 宾语从句的反意疑问句的问题 众所周知 反意疑问句是由句子的谓语和主语的代词形式共同构成 如 He is ignorant isn t he He isn t strong is he 但是 如果前面的句子中含有宾语从句 怎么办 答案是一定针对主句的主语 谓语 如 You know he is ignorant don t you I told you he isn t strong didn t I 有一种例外 当主句的主语是 I 且谓语动词是表示观点的动词如 think believe suppose expect am afraid 等时 就只能针对从句反问了 因为没有人会对自己的观点吗上进行反诘 如 I think he is ignorant isn t he I believe he isn t strong is he 考点九 考点九 it 在名词性从句中的作用问题在名词性从句中的作用问题 6 代词 it 的用法有很多 但近几年的高考关注的却比较集中 即 it 作为普通回指代词的用法和在名 词性从句中作形式宾语和形式主语的用法 如 作形式主语 It worried me a bit that he didn t phone It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date It doesn t matter when you arrive just come when you can It wasn t clear to anyone why he didn t come It was surprising how many unhappy marriages there are 作形式宾语 I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English I think it important that we should keep calm Don t take it for granted that your parents should do everything for you He doesn t want it to be known that he s going away You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time 考点十 主语从句和强调句型的混淆问题考点十 主语从句和强调句型的混淆问题 从表面上看 it 作形式主语的主语从句有时候和强调句型有些相似 如 It is impossible that we can persuade him to join us 主语从句 It is with Tom s help that we were able to persuade him to join us 强调句型 其实 强调句型其实很简单 即在 It is was 与 that 之间放上我们想要强调的某个句子成分 大部 分考题都是考查 that 的选择问题 即考查考生判断某句是否是强调句型的问题 这个看似容易的问题 在出题人的多种变化之下有时也会变得很令人头疼 下面是几种常见的出题形式 1 基本式 It was on the top of the mountain that we met the foreign tourist 2 一般疑问句式 Was it on the top of the mountain that you met the foreign tourist 3 特殊疑问句式 Where was it that you met the foreign tourist 4 复合句式 Can you tell me where it was that you met the foreign tourist 5 套定语从句式 It was in the house which was built by his father that he was born 6 套定语从句加省略式 Where did you meet the foreign tourist It was in the hotel where we lived that we met the foreign tourist 判断一个句子是否是强调句型是个关键 这里重要思路是当去掉强调句型 各个成分各归其位以后 该句子是否还成立 下面几个例子就不是强调句型 It was not yet seven o clock when he came back last night 因为 He came back last night not yet seven o clock 就不是个正确的句子 I heard that Tom was once almost drowned When was that 7 It was in 2000 when he was swimming in a pool 同理 He was swimming in a pool in 2000 从逻辑上看也不成立 因为 我们不可能一整年都在 游泳 第三节第三节 巩固练习巩固练习 一 一 夯实基础夯实基础 1 America was was called India by Columbus A that B where C what D the place 2 I d like to invite you to a concert this evening Thank you but I ll be free I m not sure at the moment A while B if C when D whether 3 I kept looking at the man wondering A whether I have seen him before B where I had seen him before C that I had seen him before D when I had seen him before 4 You have not yet answered my question I can join in the party tonight A whether B if C which D that 5 Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities A while B that C when D as 6 A computer can only do you have instructed it to do A how B after C what D when 7 It is a common belief teenagers today know about computers and are familiar using them in all aspects of life A that out B what with C that with D what about 8 Don t leave for tomorrow you can do today A if B what C that D unless 9 Was it because it rained yesterday he didn t come A why B when C then D that 10 all the inventions have in common is they have succeeded A What what B That that C What that D That that 11 What clothes should we wear to attend the ball Dress you like A what B however C whatever D how 12 has ridden on a railway train knows how another train flashes by when it is traveling in the opposite direction A Anyone who rapid B Whoever rapidly C Anything rapid D Whatever rapidly 13 We believe you have devoted yourself sure to come true A that is B all that to be C that all are D what to is 14 You may give the film ticket to you think needs it A no matter who B whomever C whoever D no matter whom 8 15 Was it in 1998 when he was still at middle school this boy became expert at computer A which B where C when D that 16 It was he came to Macao he knew what kind of place it was A that when B until that C not until when D not until that 17 All finished we sat down to enjoy we thought the most delicious dinner A that B which C what D it 18 It was not until he explained it a second time it A when we understood B that we understood C did we understand D that did we understand 19 The Beaches held they called family day once each year A that B which C what D when 20 How did he fail the examination It was because he was too careless he made so many mistakes A therefore B that C so that D so 21 In some countries is called equality does not really mean equal rights fro all people A that B what C which D how 22 helps others will be helped So I ll be thankful to and try to help has helped us A Whoever whomever B Whoever whoever C Who whoever D Who whomever 23 Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just worries the public A why B which C that D what 24 It was not until dark he found he thought was the correct way to solve the problem A that what B that that C when what D when that 25 The question came up at the meeting we had enough money for our research A that B what C which D whether 26 she was invited to the ball made her very happy A If B That C When D Because 27 we are doing has never been done before A That B What C Which D Whether 28 Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and more than 10 000 years ago A this is Alaska B Alaska is now C is now Alaska D what is now Alaska 29 Please tell me you would like to have your coffee black or white A what B where C which D how 30 Many workers were organized to clear away remained of the World Trade center A those B that C what D where 二二 真题实战一真题实战一 1 matters most in learning English is enough practice A WhatB WhyC WhereD Which 9 2 Choosing the right dictionary depends on you want to use it for A whatB whyC howD whether 3 It is none of your business other people think about you Believe yourself A howB whatC whichD when 4 parents say and do has a life long effect on their children A ThatB WhichC WhatD As 5 Why not try your luck downtown Bob That s the best jobs are A where B what C when D why 6 The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer Warm sunshine and soft sands make it is A what B which C how D where 7 Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please A anyone B someone C whoever D no matter who 8 he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader A ThatB WhatC WhetherD Where 9 The traditional view is we sleep because our brain is programmed to make us do so A whenB whyC whetherD that 三三 真题实战二真题实战二 1 We haven t settled the question of it is necessary for him to study abroad A ifB whereC whetherD that 2 See the flags on top of the building That was we did this morning A when B which C where D what 3 Please remind me he said he was going I may be in time to see him off A where B when C how D what 4 What did your parents think about your decision They always let me do I think I should A whenB thatC howD what 5 With his work completed the businessman stepped back to his seat feeling pleased he was a man of action A which B that C what D whether 6 Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class he had to meet his uncle at the air port A why B that C where D because 7 Could you do me a favour It depends on it is A whichB whicheverC whatD whatever 8 Engines are to machines hearts are to animals A as B that C what D which 9 team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships A No matter what B No matter which C Whatever D Whichever 10 is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger more prosperous economy 10 A As B ThatC This D It 11 It s thirty years since we lest met But I still remember the story believe it or not we got lost on a rainy night A whichB thatC whatD when 12 A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother s birthday A if B when C that D which 13 makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services A WhatB WhoC WhateverD Whoever 14 There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race A that B which C until D if 15 These shoes look very good I wonder A how much cost they are B how much do they cost C how much they cost D how much are they cost 16 Doris success lies in the fact she is co operative and eager to learn from others A which B that C when D why 17 As the busiest woman in Norton she made her duty to look after all the other people s affairs in that town A this B that C one D it 18 I d appreciate if you would like to teach me how to use the computer A that B it C this D you 19 If I can help I don t like working late into the night A so B that C it D them 四四 真题实战三真题实战三 1 Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game A why B what C who D that 2 As soon as he comes back I will tell him when and see him A you will come B will you come C you come D do you come 3 in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e mail account A What is required B What requires C It is required D It requires 4 The old lady s hand shook frequently She explained to her doctor this shaking had begun half a year before and only because of this she had been forced to give up her job A when how B how when C how how D why why 5 I was surprised by her words which made me recognize silly mistakes I had made A what B that C how D which 6 He hasn t slept at all for three days he is tired out 11 A There is