高中-同位语从句详细讲解与练习(附答案)

同位语从句讲义同位语从句讲义 1 定义 用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句 2 用法 同位语从句的先行词多为 fact news idea thought question reply report remark 等 关联词多用从属连词 如 They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick 对你生病这件事 他们都很焦虑 Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪儿听说我不能来 Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia 德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了 注 同位语从句偶尔由从属连词 whether 引导 如 I have no idea whether he ll come or not 我不知道他是否来 连接代词 who which what 和连接副词 where when why how 亦可引导同位语从句 The question who should do the work requires consideration 谁该干这项工作 这个问题需要考虑 We haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation 到哪儿去度暑假 这个问题我们还没 有决定 It is a question how he did it 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题 1 that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 that 引导的同位语从句 that 引导的定语从句 句法功能上 that 只起连接从句的作用 无意义 在从句中不充当句子成分 不可省 that 替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用 还充当一个句子成分 如在从句中作 动词的宾语时可省略 意义上 从句是被修饰名词的内容 从句起限定作用 是定语 如 The news that Mr Li will be our new English teacher is true 同位语从句 that 不可省 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这 个消息是真的 The news that he told me yesterday is true 定语从句 that 在从句中作的宾语 可省 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的 2 一些表示 建议 命令 要求 的名词后所跟的同位语从句中 谓语动词用虚拟语气 should 动词原形表示 should 可省 如 This is our only request that this should be settled as soon as possible 这就是我们唯一的请求 尽快解决这个问题 同同位位语语从从句句 是名词性从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 中的主要从句之一 从句作同位语表示与之同位 的名词 短语 的实际内容 它的作用相当于名词 对前面的名词 短语 加以补充说明或进一步解释 相当于一 个表语从句 它们之间的关系是同位关系 即主表关系 详详细细信信息息 一个名词 或其它形式 对另一个名词或代词进行修饰 限定或说明 这个名词 或其它形式 就是同 位语 同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致 并常常紧挨在一起 1 名名词词作作同同位位语语 Mr Wang my child s teacher will be visiting us on Tuesday 王先生 我孩子的老师 星期二要来看我们 2 短短语语作作同同位位语语 I the oldest girl in the family always had to care for the other children 我 作为家里最大的女孩 老得照料 家中的其他孩子 3 直直接接引引语语作作同同位位语语 But now the question comes to their minds Did she die young because she was a clone 但是现在他们不得不 思考这样的问题 多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗 4 句句子子作作同同位位语语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes 巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖 让 表姐妹俩感到吃惊 同同位位语语从从句句用用法法 同位语部分是个句子 就是同位语从句 这种用法比较 固定 一 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句 它一般跟在某些名词后面 用以说明该名词表示的具体内 容 I heard the news that our team had won 我听到了我们队获胜的消息 二二 可可以以跟跟同同位位语语从从句句的的名名词词通通常常有有 news idea fact promise question doubt thought hope message suggestion words 消消息息 possibility 等等 I ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won t be able to see you this afternoon 我从王先生那里来 他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了 三三 英英语语中中引引导导同同位位语语从从句句的的词词通通有有 连连词词 that whether 连连接接副副词词 how when where 等等 注注 if which 不不能能引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题 四四 有有时时同同位位语语从从句句可可以以不不紧紧跟跟在在说说明明的的名名词词后后面面 而而被被别别的的词词隔隔开开 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了 同同位位语语从从句句 引引导导词词 同位语从句的 引导词 引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that whether 连接代词和连接副词等 1 连连词词 that 引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 注注 引引导导同同位位语语从从句句的的 that 不不能能省省略略 The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的 想法是完全错误的 作 idea 的同位语 注意 1 在某些名词 如 demand wish suggestion resolution 等 后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team 有一项建议是布朗应该离队 注意 2 引导同位语从句的连词 that 通常不省略 但在非正式文体中也可以省去 He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane 他拿起了手提箱 给人的印 象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了 2 连连词词 whether 引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 注注 if 不不能能引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor 我们是否请专家由家庭 医生来定 注意 whether 可引导同位语从句 但 if 不能引导同位语从句 其其它它引引导导词词引引导导的的同同位位语语从从句句 连接代词 what who whom whose which 引导同位语从句 1 I have no idea what size shoes she wears 我不知道她穿几号的鞋 what 作定语 2 I have no idea which wine is best it s a matter of personal taste 我不知道哪种酒最好 这是个人口味的问 题 which 作定语 3 The question who will take his place is still not clear who 作主语 4 连连接接副副词词引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 连接副词 when where how why We haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation 到哪儿去度暑假 这个 问题我们还没有决定 同同位位语语从从句句 相相关关语语法法 一一 同同位位语语从从句句在在句句中中的的位位置置 1 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词 如 news idea fact promise hope message 等 的后面 用以说 明该名词所表达的具体内容 I ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won t be able to see you this afternoon 我从王先生那边得知 一个消息 他说他今天下午不能来看你了 2 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后 而被别的词语隔开 在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句 The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home 她突然想起可能在她离开家 时没把门关上 二二 同同位位语语从从句句前前名名词词的的数数 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式 并且往往带有限定词 word 除外 加以修饰 Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪儿听说我不能来 三三 同同位位语语从从句句的的语语气气 在 suggestion advice request order 等意为 建议 命令 要求 的名词后 同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用 should 动词原形 的虚拟语气结构 句中的 should 可以省略 Our teacher gave us some advice how we should use the computer 老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议 四四 同同位位语语从从句句的的先先行行词词 同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词 常见的有 idea situation thought fact evidence belief doubt fear hope question theory news order ability 等等 How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn t feel the new clothes in him 皇帝觉得身上并没有 穿上新衣 对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的 代词 it 可用作同位语从句的先行词 这个it 常放在某些 动词或短语动词后作 宾语 同时兼作其后 that 同 位语从句的先行词 I owe it to you that I am still alive 幸亏你 我现在还活着 有的语法学家把先行词 it 后的 that 从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语 一般认为 这种it 后的 that 从句 应看作 it 的同位语 因为它相当于 主语 be 表语 结构 You must se to it that the children don t catch cold You must see to it and It is that the children don t catch cold 你要当心 别让孩子们着凉了 同同位位语语从从句句 语语法法区区别别 与定语从句的的语法区别 1 意意义义的的不不同同 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的 它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号 而定语从句是限制 所修饰名词的 它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来 We are glad at the news that he will come 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴 news 的内容就是 that he will come 故 that 引导的是同位语从句 We are glad at the news that he told us 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴 that 从句是限制 the news 的内容的 即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news 而不是其他的 news 故 that 从句为定语从句 2 引引导导词词的的不不同同 what how if whatever 等可引导名词性从句 但不引导定语从句 3 引引导导词词的的功功能能上上的的不不同同 that 引导同位语从句时 它不充当句子成分 而引导定语从句时 它作为关系代词 要么充当定语从句的 主语 要么充当定语从句的宾语 如上例 that he told us 中的 that 就充当 told 的宾语 4 被被修修饰饰词词语语的的区区别别 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限 通常有hope wish idea news fact promise opinion suggestion truth 等 而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛 另外 when 和 where 引导定语从句时 通常只修饰表示时间和地 点的名词 而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定 又如why 引导定语从句 它通常只修饰名词the reason 而它 引导同位语从句时则不一定 I have no idea when they will come 我不知道他们什么时候来 同位语从句 I ll never forget the days when I lived there 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子 定语从句 同同位位语语从从句句 特特殊殊形形式式 1 间间隔隔同同位位语语从从句句 同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后 但有些情况下 由于句子结构的原因 同位语从句不紧跟在 名词后 而被其他的词隔开 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother s birthday 简析 由于 that 从句太长 为避免句子失去平衡 此处用了间隔同位语从句 2 suggestion request 和和 order 等等名名词词后后的的同同位位语语从从句句用用 虚虚拟拟语语气气 She made a request that the doctor should be sent for at once 她请求立即请医生来 简析 suggestion order request proposal requirement command advice proposition 和 recommendation 等名词后接同位语从句时 从句中的谓语动词要用 should 动词原形 的形式 其中 should 一词可省略 3 短短语语及及固固定定句句式式后后的的同同位位语语从从句句 I will come on condition that John is invited 如果约翰也被邀请的话 我就来 简析 短语 On condition on supposition on the ground s on the understanding with the exception in spite of the fact on the assumption 及句式 There BE no doubt hope chance possibility 后的 that 从句为同位语从句 同同位位语语从从句句 雅雅思思例例句句 1 I have a dream that one day all roads will be made plain 2 We hold this truth to be self evident that all men are created equal 3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse 4 Museums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunityto have a deeper understanding of their own country s tradition and cultures 同位语从句练习题同位语从句练习题 用适当的连接词填空 用适当的连接词填空 It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray 2 I have no idea we can do with these waste materials 3 the doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon 4 It is hoped nature will never be destroyed 5 do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow 6 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week Is that you had a few days off 7 Word came I was wanted at the office 8 Do you know of them will be our new headmaster 9 The teacher didn t tell me we were wrong 10 It s generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants B 单项选择单项选择 It was true Alice did surprised her mother A that B what C that what D what that 2 Does matter much he can t come to the meeting A it if B that if C it whether D this whether 3 What are you anxious about A How can we succeed B Whether we can succeed C When can we succeed D That we can succeed 4 The reason the little actress has been such a success is she is both clever and hard working A why why B why that C that because D for because 5 leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights A Who B Whoever C Anyone D The person 6 I really don t know I had this photo taken A where it was that B it was that C where it was D it was why 7 Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge I can t remember A where B there C which D that 8 What do you think of China different life is today from it used to be A How what B What what C How that D What that 9 Give this to you think can do the work well A who B whom C whoever D whomever 10 troubles me is I can t learn all these English idioms by heart A That that B What what C That what D What that 练练 习习 二二 1 The fact she works hard is well known to us all A that B what C why D which 2 The fact he was successful proves his ability A that B what C which D why 3 The news he was kidnapped surprised us greatly A what B that C why D when 4 His suggestion the meeting be delayed was turned down A which B that C D it 5 I have no idea he will start A when B that C what D 6 I ve come from the government with a message the meeting won t be held tomorrow A if B that C whether D which 7 The thought he might fail in the exam worried him A when B which C what D that 8 The order the prisoner be set free arrived too late A which B whether C that D what 9 The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient s fear he would die of the disease A that B as C of which D which 10 He often asked me the question the work was worth doing A whether B where C that D when 练习一答案练习一答案 A 1 that 2 what 3 what whether 4 that 5 who 6 why 7 that 8 which 9 where 10 whatever B 1 5 CABBB 6 10 ACACD 练习二答案 练习二答案 1 5 AABBA 6 10 BDCAA 同同位位语语从从句句 是名词性从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 中的主要从句之一 从句作同位语表示与之同位 的名词 短语 的实际内容 它的作用相当于名词 对前面的名词 短语 加以补充说明或进一步解释 相当于一 个表语从句 它们之间的关系是同位关系 即主表关系 详详细细信信息息 一个名词 或其它形式 对另一个名词或代词进行修饰 限定或说明 这个名词 或其它形式 就是同 位语 同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致 并常常紧挨在一起 1 名名词词作作同同位位语语 Mr Wang my child s teacher will be visiting us on Tuesday 王先生 我孩子的老师 星期二要来看我们 2 短短语语作作同同位位语语 I the oldest girl in the family always had to care for the other children 我 作为家里最大的女孩 老得照料 家中的其他孩子 3 直直接接引引语语作作同同位位语语 But now the question comes to their minds Did she die young because she was a clone 但是现在他们不得不 思考这样的问题 多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗 4 句句子子作作同同位位语语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes 巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖 让 表姐妹俩感到吃惊 同同位位语语从从句句用用法法 同位语部分是个句子 就是同位语从句 这种用法比较 固定 一 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句 它一般跟在某些名词后面 用以说明该名词表示的具体内 容 I heard the news that our team had won 我听到了我们队获胜的消息 二二 可可以以跟跟同同位位语语从从句句的的名名词词通通常常有有 news idea fact promise question doubt thought hope message suggestion words 消消息息 possibility 等等 I ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won t be able to see you this afternoon 我从王先生那里来 他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了 三三 英英语语中中引引导导同同位位语语从从句句的的词词通通有有 连连词词 that whether 连连接接副副词词 how when where 等等 注注 if which 不不能能引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题 四四 有有时时同同位位语语从从句句可可以以不不紧紧跟跟在在说说明明的的名名词词后后面面 而而被被别别的的词词隔隔开开 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了 同同位位语语从从句句 引引导导词词 同位语从句的 引导词 引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that whether 连接代词和连接副词等 1 连连词词 that 引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 注注 引引导导同同位位语语从从句句的的 that 不不能能省省略略 The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的 想法是完全错误的 作 idea 的同位语 注意 1 在某些名词 如 demand wish suggestion resolution 等 后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team 有一项建议是布朗应该离队 注意 2 引导同位语从句的连词 that 通常不省略 但在非正式文体中也可以省去 He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane 他拿起了手提箱 给人的印 象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了 2 连连词词 whether 引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 注注 if 不不能能引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor 我们是否请专家由家庭 医生来定 注意 whether 可引导同位语从句 但 if 不能引导同位语从句 其其它它引引导导词词引引导导的的同同位位语语从从句句 连接代词 what who whom whose which 引导同位语从句 1 I have no idea what size shoes she wears 我不知道她穿几号的鞋 what 作定语 2 I have no idea which wine is best it s a matter of personal taste 我不知道哪种酒最好 这是个人口味的问 题 which 作定语 3 The question who will take his place is still not clear who 作主语 4 连连接接副副词词引引导导同同位位语语从从句句 连接副词 when where how why We haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation 到哪儿去度暑假 这个 问题我们还没有决定 同同位位语语从从句句 相相关关语语法法 一一 同同位位语语从从句句在在句句中中的的位位置置 1 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词 如 news idea fact promise hope message 等 的后面 用以说 明该名词所表达的具体内容 I ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won t be able to see you this afternoon 我从王先生那边得知 一个消息 他说他今天下午不能来看你了 2 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后 而被别的词语隔开 在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句 The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home 她突然想起可能在她离开家 时没把门关上 二二 同同位位语语从从句句前前名名词词的的数数 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式 并且往往带有限定词 word 除外 加以修饰 Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪儿听说我不能来 三三 同同位位语语从从句句的的语语气气 在 suggestion advice request order 等意为 建议 命令 要求 的名词后 同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用 should 动词原形 的虚拟语气结构 句中的 should 可以省略 Our teacher gave us some advice how we should use the computer 老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议 四四 同同位位语语从从句句的的先先行行词词 同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词 常见的有 idea situation thought fact evidence belief doubt fear hope question theory news order ability 等等 How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn t feel the new clothes in him 皇帝觉得身上并没有 穿上新衣 对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的 代词 it 可用作同位语从句的先行词 这个it 常放在某些 动词或短语动词后作 宾语 同时兼作其后 that 同 位语从句的先行词 I owe it to you that I am still alive 幸亏你 我现在还活着 有的语法学家把先行词 it 后的 that 从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语 一般认为 这种it 后的 that 从句 应看作 it 的同位语 因为它相当于 主语 be 表语 结构 You must se to it that the children don t catch cold You must see to it and It is that the children don t catch cold 你要当心 别让孩子们着凉了 同同位位语语从从句句 语语法法区区别别 与定语从句的的语法区别 1 意意义义的的不不同同 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的 它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号 而定语从句是限制 所修饰名词的 它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来 We are glad at the news that he will come 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴 news 的内容就是 that he will come 故 that 引导的是同位语从句 We are glad at the news that he told us 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴 that 从句是限制 the news 的内容的 即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news 而不是其他的 news 故 that 从句为定语从句 2 引引导导词词的的不不同同 what how if whatever 等可引导名词性从句 但不引导定语从句 3 引引导导词词的的功功能能上上的的不不同同 that 引导同位语从句时 它不充当句子成分 而引导定语从句时 它作为关系代词 要么充当定语从句的 主语 要么充当定语从句的宾语 如上例 tha