语法专题四 时态 语态

专题复习专题复习 动词时态及语态动词时态及语态 在高考英语中 动词的时态和语态是重中之重 试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态 的同时 也注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态 要了解几种时态的一些常规规则 答题 时要研读题干 搜索出尽可能多的 时间参照信息 尤其要注意时态的呼应情况 时态主动语态形式被动语态形式 一般现在时am is are do doesam is are done 一般过去时 was were didwas were done 现在完成时has have donehas have been done 现在完成进行时has have been doing 现在进行时am is are doingam is are being done 过去进行时was were doingwas were being done 过去完成时had donehad been done 将来完成时will shall have donewill shall have been done 一般将来时 will shall do am is are going to do am is are coming leaving am is are to do am is are about to do will shall be done am is are to be done 过去将来时 would do was going to do was coming leaving was to do was about to do would be done was were to be done 将来进行时will shall be doing 1 一般现在时 一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理 表示现状 性质 状态时多用系动词或状态动 词 在条件 时间 让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来 表示预计或规 定 方位副词或介词短语放在句首 主语是名词 且全部倒装时 用一般现在时表示正在 发生的动作 还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中 用所给词的适当形式填空 I ll go there after I finish my work The water will be further polluted unless some measures take My train leave at 6 30 A snow expect to come next week On the wall hang a picture This kind of cloth wash well Don t take it away It belong to me He said water boil at 100 2 一般过去时和现在完成时 一般过去时 标志词 yesterday just now last year the other day 等 表示动作发生在 过去 和现在毫无关系 现在完成时 标志词 since in the past last years just recent ly lately so far up to now up until now by now already yet several many times 则强调的是对现在的 影响和结果 动作到现在刚完成或还在继续 请区别下列几组句子 He has lived in London for three years 现在还住在伦敦 He lived in London for three years 现在不在伦敦了 It s two years since he smoked 他不抽烟已两年了 It s two years since he began to smoke 他抽烟已有两年了 This is the first second time that I have visited the school This was the first second time I had visited the school He was writing a book last year 去年他在写一本书 He wrote a book last year 去年他写了一本书 I thought he was an American 我原以为他是美国人 I think he is an American 我想他是美国人 用所给词的适当形式填空 I haven t seen you for ages Haven t you graduated from college Yes I study English for four years in Nanjing University Where you put my book I can t find it anywhere Although he has lived with us for years he not leave us much impression My brother is an actor He appear in several films in the past few years Li Pin may not come tonight But he promise 3 过去完成时和将来完成时 过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去 而另一件事情先于它发生 即表示 过去的过去 常用的时间状语有 by then by that time by the end of before 2000 by the time hardly scarcely rarely when 和 no sooner than 注 表示原打算做但未做的几种表达 I had hoped expected meant intended to do but I hoped expected to have done but I would like love to have done but I was to have done but I was going to do but I would have done but I was coming leaving arriving but 将来完成时表示到将来某一时间 某一动作将会完成 常用的时间状语为 by 将来 的某个时间 如 They will have completed the project by the end of next year 用所给词的适当形式填空 Helen leave her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband come home I hope to meet Mr Thompson this morning but I found nobody left in the room By the time he return home the work had been finished By the time he returns home the work finish We plan to reach the North Pole in mid July and by then we walk for six weeks 4 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成进行时和将来进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况 计划 安排要做的事 还可以表示反复出现的 动作 往往含有赞赏 厌恶 遗憾等情绪 常与 always continually constantly 连用 过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作 还可以表示过去的将来动 作 现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性 还可以表示感情色彩 将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作 用所给词的适当形式填空 Have you moved into the new house Not yet The rooms paint My father fall while he ride his bicycle and hurt himself Why are her eyes red She cry He fly over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow You always watch TV Why not do something more active Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday No but we try to get in touch with them ever since 5 一般将来时 注意区别 will do be going to do be about to do be doing be to do will do 表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势 此外 还表示临时决定 be going to do 表示计划 打算要做某事 还表示根据现在的迹象 对未来进行推断 be about to do 表示立即的将来 因此 不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用 有些动词如 come go arrive leave begin 等 其一般现在时 现在进行时亦可表 示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态 be to do 表示按计划或安排要做的事 意为 应该 想 打算 注定会 用所给词的适当形式填空 Ladies and gentlemen please fasten your safety belt The plane take off Look at the timetable Flight 4026 take off at 18 20 If you succeed you should work hard Look at the dark clouds It rain The light is still on Sorry I go and turn it off 6 get 过去分词 get 过去分词 可以表示被动 此结构比较口语化 用所给词的适当形式填空 The patient treat once a week He fell off the building and kill 7 主动形式表示被动意义 需用主动形式表示被动意义的情况 当系动词 feel look smell taste sound prove remain stay 等后面接形容词时 当 cut read sell wear write 等词有状语 easily well 等修饰时 measure weigh add up to 后接数字时 在 be 形容词 to do 中 不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语 用主动形式表示被 动意义 如 The problem is easy to solve need want require deserve 后接动名词主动形式 相当于 to be done 如 The watch needs repairing He deserves praising be worth 后接动名词主动形式表示被动意义 如 The book is well worth buying 固定短语 be to blame be to let The water cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise A was felt B was to feel C felt D was to be felt I feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child A is to blame B is going to blame C is to be blamed D should blame Doctors and medical supplies to the scene of the accident soon after the coal mine explosion A had rushed B were rushed C were rushing D rushed The moment the 28th Olympic Games open the whole world cheered A declared B have been declared C have declared D were declared Why did you leave that position I a better position at IBM A offer B offered C am offered D was offered How are the team playing They are playing well but one of them hurt A got B gets C were D is I want to buy that kind of cloth because I the cloth well A have told washes B have been told washes C was told was washed D have been told is washed 8 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 感官动词和使役动词的宾补是动词原形 改成被动语态时要加 to 将下列句子改为被动语态 I saw him fall down He was seen I made him wash the dishes He was made 9 据说 据报道 的表达 Somebody Something is was said reported believed thought known to 意为 据说 据报 道 大家认为 众所周之 人们认为 此时 动词不定式有三种形式 即 to do to be doing 和 to have done 到底用哪种形式 可用下面的方法来辨别 把不定式的动作发生的时间和谓语的动作发生的时间相比较 动词不定式动作先于谓语动作发生 用 to have done 动词不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生 用 to be doing 动词不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同为经常性 用 to do The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday A being robbed B having been robbed C to have been robbed D robbed Wang Ming is said abroad but I am not sure which country it was A to study B to have studied C to be studying D to have been studying Linda is thought in Africa but I really don t know what country she s working in A to have worked B to work C to be working D working 10 不用被动语态的动词或动词短语 appear disappear occur benefit end begin happen last spread break out take place belong to come about suffer from 等 用所给词的适当形式填空 The place caught fire three times in the last century and little of the original building remain now The medicine prove vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain 11 判断用并列谓语还是非谓语 时态和语态的语法概念是针对谓语动词的 有时要区分用谓语还是非谓语 ing ed 和 to do be 形式 有时现在分词作状语 表伴随动作和谓语动词的动作同时进行 并 列谓语之间有 and 用在最后一个谓语前 构成 A and B 或 A B and C 否则 要把 其中一个变为非谓语 At last we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and down to eat our picnic lunch A sitting B having sat C to sit D sat As the light turned green I stood for a moment not and asked myself what I was going to do A moved B moving C to move D being moved 1 2015 江苏卷 The real reason why prices and still are too high is complex and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem A were B will be C have been D had been 2 2015 北京卷 Did you have difficulty finding Ann s house Not really She us clear directions and we were able to find it easily A was to give B had given C was giving D would give 3 2015 陕西卷 At college Barack Obama didn t know that he the first black president of the United States of America A was to become B becomes C is to become D became 4 2014 湖南卷 Whenever you a present you should think about it from the receiver s point of view A bought B have bought C will buy D buy 5 2014 江西卷 Tony why are your eyes red I up peppers for the last five minutes A cut B was cutting C had cut D have been cutting 6 2014 江苏卷 How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing Well the media it in a variety of forms A cover B will cover C have covered D covered 7 2014 重庆卷 James has just arrived but I didn t know he until yesterday A will come B was coming C had come D came 8 2014 重庆卷 You d better write down her phone number before you it A forget B are forgetting C forgot D will forget 9 2013 浙江卷 During the last three decades the number of people participating in physical fitness programmes sharply A was increasing B has increased C had increased D will be increasing 10 2013 江苏卷 Could I use your car tomorrow morning Sure I a report at home A will be writing B will have written C have written D have been writing 英语语法专项练习英语语法专项练习 动词时态和语态 一 动词时态和语态 一 1 The new suspension bridge by the end of last month A has been designed B had been designed C was designed D would be designed 2 I ve heard Bob from his journey to Africa What about visiting him tonight A had come back B coming back C come back D is back 3 Hello Jim I to see you today Sonia said you ill Oh I m OK A don t expect were B haven t expected are C am not expecting are D didn t expect were 4 David and Vicky married For about three years A How long were being B How long have got C How long have been D How long did get 5 Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future A cut B are cut C are being cut D had been cut 6 My uncle until he was forty five A married B didn t marry C was not marrying D would marry 7 Alice Why didn t you come yesterday I but I had an unexpected visitor A had B would C was going to D did 8 The two boys argued and then hit each other all the four parents at one another A had arrived and shouted B arriving and shouting C arrived and shouted D arrived and shouting 9 my dictionary Yes I put it in your desk just now A Do you see B Have you seen C Did you see D Had you seen 10 Have you heard from Janet recently No but I her over Christmas A saw B will be seeing C have seen D have been seeing 11 When and where to go for the on salary holiday yet A are not decided B have not been decided C is not being decided D has not been decided 12 blood if you can and many lives will be saved A Giving B Give C Given D To give 13 Helen her key in the office so she had wait until her husband home A has left comes B left had come C had left came D had left would come 14 When did he go to America Oh he there since half a year ago A went B has been C has gone D was 15 Excuse me Sir Would you do me a favor Of course What is it A had wondered B was wondering C would wonder D did wonder 16 An awful accident however occur the other day A does B did C has to D had to 17 You ve agreed to go but why aren t you getting ready But I that you me to start at once A don t realize want B don t realize wanted C didn t realize wanted D haven t realized want 18 Put these glasses away before they OK I ll put them in the cupboard A have broken B are breaking C get broken D will be broken 19 What were you up to when she dropped in I for a while and some reading A was playing was going to do B played did C had played was going to do D had played did 20 He will have learned English for eight years by the time he from the university next year A will graduate B will have graduated C graduates D is to graduate 21 some of this juice perhaps you ll like it A Trying B Try C To try D Have tried 22 Will these flowers be watered A every few days B after hours C within a few hours D the other day 23 You things about Look what mess in your room A always throw B have always thrown C are always throwing D have always been throwing 24 At this time tomorrow over the Atlantic A we re going to fly B we ll be flying C we ll fly D we re to fly 25 A new cinema here They hope to finish it next month A will be built B is built C has been built D is being built 26 If a man succeed he must work as hard as he can A will B is to C is going to D should 27 It will be a long time Frank back from abroad A before comes B since has come C when will come D after came 28 The telephone is ringing I answer it A will B am going to C am to D am about 29 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology so rapidly A is changing B has changed C will have changed D will chang 30 Your phone number again I quite catch it It s 9568442 A didn t B couldn t C don t D can t 31 It was until then that I came to know that knowledge only from practice A has come B comes C came D had come 32 Have you moved into the new classroom Not yet The classroom A is being painted B is painting C is painted D has been painted 33 You needn t hurry her she it by the time you are ready A will have finished B will finish C will be finishing D has finished 34 The little girl her heart out because she her Teddy Bear and she wasn t ever going to find it A had cried lost B cried had lost C has cried has lost D cries has lost 35 Shirley a book about China last year but I don t know whether she has finished it A has written B wrote C had written D was writing 英语语法专项练习英语语法专项练习 动词时态和语态 二 动词时态和语态 二 1 He and was made to repeat it A didn t understand B didn t be understood C wasn t understand D wasn t understood 2 What do you think of my composition It well a few spelling mistakes A reads except for B read besides C is read except for D is read besides 3 Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes A lose B will be lost C are lost D will lose 4 Mr Smith in the school twenty years by July A has worked B worked C has been working D will have worked 5 Look How long like this Three weeks It s usual here that rain without stopping these days of the year A has it rained pours B has it been raining pours C is it raining is pouring D does it rain pours 6 It long before we the result of the experiment A will not be will know B is will know C will not be know D is know 7 I ve brought my tennis things along in case we time for a game tomorrow A shall have B have C will have D are going to have 8 Can I help you Sir Yes I bought this radio here yesterday but it A didn t work B won t work C can t work D doesn t work 9 Did you come to the museum by bike yesterday No Two meters of snow fell during the night As a result several main roads A piled snow B had been closed C were blocked D covered with snow 10 What happened the priceless works of art A They are destroyed in the earthquake B The earthquake was destroying C They destroyed in the earthquakes D The earthquake destroyed them 11 He to the lab than he set out to do the experiment A has no sooner got B no sooner got C will no sooner get D had no sooner got 12 I thought Jim would say something about his school report but he it A doesn t mention B hadn t mentioned C didn t mention D hasn t mention 13 Do you know anyone in Paris No I ll make friends once A I m settled B I have settled C I ll be settled D I m settling 14 By the end of last year another new gymnasium in Beijing A would be completed B was being complete C has been completed D had been completed 15 Is this raincoat yours No mine there behind the door A hangs B has hung C is hanging D hung 16 I don t really work here I until the new secretary arrives A just help out B have just helped out C am just helping out D will just help out 17 After everybody the concert began A was seated B seated C is seated D was sat 18 They said good bye little knowing that they again A were never met B will never meet C never met D were never to meet 19 How long at this job Since 1990 A were you employed B have you been employed C had you been employed D will you be employed 20 I don t think Jim saw me he into space A just stared B was just staring C has just stared D had just stared 21 In such dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they A have survived B are to survive C would survive D will survive 22 The thief when he was stealing a wallet from a woman A happened to notice B was taken place to notice C was happened to be noticed D happened to