M8U1语法活动单（梅）

如皋市薛窑中学高二英语活动单 制作人 陈秀梅 2011 3 31 1 M8 Unit 1 The written world 导学案导学案 Period 4 Grammar and usage Teaching aims 1 To learn the basic function of negative statements 2 To master the most commonly used negative words such as no not never and neither 3 To learn to use them in different situations Activity plan 学生学习活动 教师组织 教学方案 Activity 1 Presentation Activity aims To learn the basic function of negative statements 英语否定概念的表达形式大致可以分为两大类 显形否定和隐形否定 前者一般借助否定词或含否定意义的句型表达 其否定含义较为直观 后 者无明显否定词 其否定含义往往靠上下文或语境来推断 较难把握 一 显形否定 种种 类类例例 句句 常用 no 和 not 否定词表示否定 not 修饰副词或整个句子 no 修 饰名词或代词 no not a not any He is not a statesman 他不是政治家 He is no statesman 他绝非政治家 言下之意 他不懂政治 用不定代词 none nobody nothing neither little few no one 表示否定 Nobody can come in without permission 未经允许 任何人不得 入内 Neither of the two books is published in England 这两本书都不是英国出版的 The new rules are working and few books are stolen 新规定很管用 几 乎没有书被偷走 用 hardly scarcely barely rarely seldom never nowhere not at all no longer not any more 等否 定副词 We have never seen each other before 我们以前从未见过面 This lathe can not be used any longer and that one can t either 这台车床不 能再用了 那台也一样 用 nor neither nor but without unless but for but that in the absence of regardless of instead of short of rather than anything but any more than out He was at a loss what to do next 他不 知道下一步该做什么 如皋市薛窑中学高二英语活动单 制作人 陈秀梅 2011 3 31 2 of the question would rather than in no case under no circumstance by no means in no way on no condition beyond at a loss above behind against beneath out of past 等介词或连 词表示否定 I sleep with the window open unless it is really cold 天气若不冷 我总是开 窗睡觉 由 dis il im un non anti under in ab mis 及 less free proof 等词缀构成的否定 词来表示 Some people think it is impolite to ask someone s age 有些人认为询问别人 的年龄是不礼貌的 She mistrusts anyone in a position of authority 她对任何有权有势的人都 不信任 用 avoid ban cancel deny exclude escape forbid free from free from of fail hat ignore lack lose miss neglect prohibit quit refuse rid stop 以 及 far from off absent bad bare empty 等用于表否定概念的词 The headmaster was absent from the meeting 校长没有来参加会议 It is far from clear what he intends to do 他打算做什么一点都不清楚 Most of the students failed to go to college in his time 他那个时代大多数 学生都没有上大学 常用否定句型 too to too for He is too young to go to school 他还 不够上学的年龄 That s too much for me 这 我可受不 了啦 虚拟语气表否定 You should ought to have done it better 你本应做得更好 还不够好 I could have come earlier 我本来能早 点来的 我没早来 由 not 加上含有否定意思 的词或句子构成 We were not unprepared for the disappointment 我们对失望也不是没 有思想准备 否定词加上 without 短语 He wouldn t attend the lecture without being invited 要是不邀请他的话 他 是不会参加这个讲座的 否定词后跟关系词引导的 含否定意义的从句 There is nobody who takes no care of football matches in this city 在这座城 市 人人都关心足球比赛 双双 重重 否否 定定 的的 表表 达达 否定词 no not never seldom 等后面跟 until till 或 unless 引导的状语 She didn t arrive until 6 o clock 她六 点才到 如皋市薛窑中学高二英语活动单 制作人 陈秀梅 2011 3 31 3 no not nobody but 表示 没有 不适 只 有 才 There is no question but he will succeed 他会成功 这是没有问题的 含有肯定意义的某些否定句型 含有肯定意义的某些否定句型 cannot help choose but 必须 不得不 只能 cannot help doing sth 忍不住做某事 cannot too 再 也不为过 越 越好 hardly scarcely when 刚 就 no sooner than 刚 就 等 I cannot help but admit the truth of your remarks although they go against my interests 虽然你的言论违反我的利益 但我不得不承认你说的对 You cannot be too careful with your work 工作越仔细越好 Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop 我们刚开始就被叫停 No sooner had we sat down than we found it was time to go 我们刚刚坐下 就发现该走了 部分否定部分否定 英语中吧表示整体 概念的不定代词 all both every 与 every 构成的不定代词 副词 always 与否定副词 not 搭配时 表示的是部分否定 而用 no neither none 与 no 构成的不定 代词表示全部否定 Not all the students handed in their papers All the students didn t hand in their papers 不是所有学生都交卷了 二 隐形否定二 隐形否定 此类否定既无特定句型 又无否定词 其否定含义多为习惯用语或引 申义 颇为费解 也最易出错 切不可望文 生译 Catch me making the same error again 我绝不再犯同样的错误了 I dare him to jump 我量他也不敢跳 Keep it dark 这事不可泄露出去 For all I care 这事我才不管呢 It s anyone s guess 这事谁也说不清 She bares her age well 她一点也不显老 三 否定表达要注意的问题三 否定表达要注意的问题 1 要注意否定程度的强弱和说话者的态度 He is not richer than I 他不比我富 He is no richer than I 他和我一样 也不富 2 否定前移 在 think suppose imagine believe expect guess 等动词所接的宾语从 句中 谓语动词的否定应前移到这些动词前 I don t think you are right 我认为你错了 hope 不属于该用法之列 not 常放在上述动词及 be afraid 之后代替一个有否定含义的从句 例 如 问 Is it going to rain 肯定回答 I suppose so 否定回答 I suppose not 或 I don t suppose so 如皋市薛窑中学高二英语活动单 制作人 陈秀梅 2011 3 31 4 对于 hope 和 be afraid 否定回答只能说 I hope not 和 I m afraid not 3 there be no doing 表示 不可能 无法 There is no knowing what may happen 我们不知道会发生什么 There is no denying the facts 不可否认这些事实 Activity 2 Practice Activity aims To apply what they have learnt to practical use 否定结构练习 1 We are too busy to take a long holiday this year the fact that we can t afford it A not to speak B not to mention C to say anything of D much less 2 He didn t arrive the game had begun A until B after C when D before 3 They could hardly keep themselves alive look after a wife and children A or not B and even not C let alone D as opposed to 4 He is have done such a foolish thing A as experienced as to B more experienced than to C too experienced to D only too experienced to 5 All knowledge is and when it fails to lead the students into the correct path it is either in itself bad or it has been very imperfectly acquired A bad B not well C worse D not good 6 other big cats leopards are expert climbers A The most unlike B They are unlike most C Unlike the most D Unlike most 7 We should look down upon the people who are inferior to us A by no means B by any means C at all D in any way 8 It won t be long imperialism comes to its end A when B after C until D before 9 She can be held responsible for the terrible accident A in any way B in a way C in no way D in the way 10 You are not to let anyone know where we are going A under no circumstances B under any circumstances C by every means D at no time 11 Miss Keller was so intelligent that I could not A but admire her B admire her C admiring her D to admire her 12 The ministry had no choice our rates A except raising B but raise C but to raise D without raising 13 I will not lose confidence in the great cause A at no time B at times C at a time D at any time 14 No human beings could possibly copy down all these facts remember and organize them 如皋市薛窑中学高二英语活动单 制作人 陈秀梅 2011 3 31 5 A much more B much less C still more D more than 15 The students cannot be careful in performing the experiment as it is such a critical link in the whole project A very B too C quite D so 16 to finish quickly A No every student wants B No every student want C Not every student wants D Not every student want 17 The students are with these two famous scientists in the lab A too pleased to work B too pleased that they cannot work C only too pleased to work D so pleased that they cannot work 18 He does not know English German or French A nothing to say about B to say nothing of C anything to say about D to say anything of 19 It s nearly impossible to go through a major city a person who is or appears to be homeless A not to have seen B not to see C without seeing D without being seen 20 I ve got Sundays free this month A never B not C none D no 21 The book is me but I ll never give up studying A above B over C under D below 22 I don t believe it I think he is such a thing A the only person to do B the first person to do C the last person to do D the very person to do 23 The experiment is it was a great success A far from being a failure B far away from a failure C more than a failure D nothing but a failure 24 You can t be careful when driving o