定语从句 (4)

答疑 QQ 329950885 1 1 第七章第七章 定语从句定语从句 相关概念相关概念 主句 从句 关系词主句 从句 关系词 例句 This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition 主句主句 在含有定语从句的复合句中 除去定语从句 后的部分 是句子的主句 例句中 This is the boy 是主句 定语从句 定语从句 相当于形容词 修饰主句中的一个名词 或代词 有时修饰整个主句 相当于主句的一 个定语 例句中 who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition 是定语从句 修 饰 the boy 先行词 先行词 先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等 它 总是出现在定语从句的前面 例句中 the boy 是先行词 关系词 关系词 关系词指用来引导定语从句的词 分为关 系代词和关系副词 例句中 who 是关系代词 关系词的三个作用关系词的三个作用 作定语从句的一个句子成分 起着连接主句和从句的作用 参看 P 63Error Reference source not found 代指被修饰的先行词 例句中 who 作定语从句的 主语 同时起着连接作用 在意思上 指代的是前面 的先行词 the boy 关系代词关系代词 指人时可以用 who 也可用 that Do you know the boy who that is my desk mate The man who that was killed in the accident is Tom s uncle 指物时可以用 which 也可用 that I like visiting places which that are not far away How do you like the film which that was shown last Sunday whose 可以指人也可以指物 He was a painter whose pictures were not well known in his life time The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year 关系代词作宾语时可以省略 I like the meal that which we had last night Do you know the boy who whom that we talked about just now 注 表示关系代词省略 关系副词关系副词 关系副词在从句中只能作状语 when 指时间 where 指地点 why 指原因 how 不能作关系词 如 We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better He has reached the point where a change is needed That is no reason why you should leave This is the way how I did it how 不能作关系词 基础过关基础过关 1 用合适的关系词完成句子 The man was here yesterday is a painter The man I saw is called Smith A child parents are dead is called an orphan I d like a room window looks out over the sea A letter is written in pencil is hard to read The letter I received from him yesterday is very important That is the boy you are looking for Do you know the reason he was late for the meeting This is the school I used to study I still remember the day we met for the first time 2 用符号标出下列句子的主句 定语从句 先行词和 关系词 主句 定语从句 先行词 先行词 关系词 例 This is the book that I have been looking for The movie that we saw last night is very exciting Have you bought the book which we talked about I still remember the day which we spent together last week He still lives in the house whose windows face south The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class The girl who you met was John s sister There is no reason why we shouldn t be friends 答疑 QQ 329950885 They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark The days were gone when we had to travel on horses Is this the hospital where you were born 关系词的选择关系词的选择 选用哪个关系词 关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什选用哪个关系词 关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什 么成分么成分 含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分 主句 和从句 关系词是定语从句的一个成分 选用关系词 要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分 而不是看先行词是什么词性 He worked in the factory which produces TV sets He worked in the factory where his father had worked I like the school which is near to my home I like the school where my sister studies 在句 1 和句 2 中 先行词前都有 in 但关系词有用 which 也有用 where 的 在句 3 和句 4 中 先行词都是 the school 但关系词 有用 which 也有用 where 的 因此 我们可以看出 对关系词起决定性作用的并 不是先行词 在句 1 和句 3 中 关系词在定语从句中都是作主语 因此用的都是关系代词 which 在句 2 和句 4 中 关系词在定语从句中都是作状语 因此都是用关系副词 where 我们可以看出 用哪个关系词 主要看关系词在定用哪个关系词 主要看关系词在定 语从句中作什么成分语从句中作什么成分 选用关系词的方法 一选用关系词的方法 一 找找 二二 还还 三三 替换替换 找 就是找出主句 从句 先行词和关系词 参看 本章第 1 讲 还 根据先行词提示的意思 大胆地把定语从句还原 答疑 qq 329950885 为完整的一句话 可以添词 替换 用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分 作主语和宾语用关系代词 作状语用关系副词 时 间状语用 when 地点状语用 where 原因状语用 why 同初中时做的 对画线部分提问 相似 该用 what 的 时候用 which that 即可 例如 This is the school I once studied This is the school is the most famous in the city I am studying at a school my father teaches English 找 略 还原 根据先行词的提示 这三句话的定语从句还 原成完整的一句话后分别为 I once studied at the school The school is the most famous in the city My father teaches English at the school 粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的 部分 替换 根据 对画线部分提问 的规则 1 和 3 用 where 2 本该用 what 在定语从句中该用 what 的要 换为 which that 因此 答案为 1 where 2 that which 3 where 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首 2009 江西 The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building A in it B in C in that D in which 答案与分析 A 没有关系词 不能连接两句话 C 介词后不能用 that D 关系词一般不位于句末 而 B 可以看作是关系代词作宾语 放在句首并且省略 了 因此选 B 利用利用一一 找找 二二 还还 三三 替换替换 的方法选择关系词的方法选择关系词 Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work A thatB whatC howD why Is this the reason he was so careless in his work A thatB whatC howD why The reason he didn t come was he was ill A why thatB that why C for that thatD for which what He lives in a village is not far from the city A which B whereC whatD whose He lives in the village he was born A whichB where C whatD whose In an hour we travel to places could have taken our ancestors days to reach A whereB when C whichD what In an hour we travel to places we can relax and get refreshed A whereB when C whichD what The place interested me most was the Children s Palace 答疑 QQ 329950885 3 3 A whichB where C whatD in which The place he had a good time last Sunday was the Children s Palace A whichB where C whatD in where I ll never forget the days we studied together A thatB C whenD A and B I ll never forget the days we spent together A thatB C whenD A and B If we want to have a bright future we must learn to act in ways do not do harm to other living things A in whichB C howD that Is this the factory color TV sets are produced A whenB the one where C thatD in which Is this factory color TV sets are produced A whichB the one where C thatD in which This is the factory produces color TV sets A whereB the one where C thatD in which 2010 天津 Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut You should try the barber s I go It s only 15 A asB whichC whereD that 2011 陕西 I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake A which B whereC whoD that 2011 福建 She has a gift for creating an atmos phere for her students allows them to communicate freely with each other A which B whereC whatD who 2012 江西 By 16 30 was almost closing time nearly all the paintings had been sold A which B whenC whatD that 2013 山东 Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world A when B whereC whichD whom 只能用只能用 that 不能用不能用 which 的情况的情况 先行词是先行词是 anything something nothing everything 等等 不定代词时不定代词时 关系代词一般只用 that 不用 which I He never reads anything is not worth reading A whichB asC whoD that II Is there anything to you A that is belongedB that belongs C that belongD which belongs III 2010 全国 2 I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else s fault A whoB thatC asD what 先行词是先行词是 all much little none 或先行词被或先行词被 all much little no any 修饰时修饰时 关系词只能用 that 不能用 which All the people that are present burst into tears IV These people once had fame and fortune now is left to them is utter poverty A all thatB all what C all whichD that all V There is not much can be done A thatB which C whatD how VI 2010 浙江 that s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction A OneB All C EverythingD Anything VII There is no difficulty can t be overcome in the world A thatB which C whoD what VIII All the apples fell down were eaten by the pigs A thatB those C whichD what IX You can take any seat is free A thatB C whichD it 先行词被最高级 序数词以及先行词被最高级 序数词以及 the first the last the very the only the same 修饰时修饰时 被这类词修饰时 关系代词常用 that 不用 which X The most important thing we should pay attention to is the first thing I have said A which thatB that which C which whichD that that XI My watch is not the only thing is missing A thatB it C whichD who XII The TV play I watched last night is the best one I have watched this year 答疑 QQ 329950885 A whichB what C whoseD that XIII This is the very film I ve long wished to see A whichB that C whoD whom XIV I like the second football match was held last week A whichB who C thatD XV This is the last time I shall come here to help you A thatB which C whenD what XVI It s the third time late this month A that you arrivedB when you arrived C that you ve arrivedD when you ve arrived 先行词有两个 一个指人 一个指物 关系代词用先行词有两个 一个指人 一个指物 关系代词用 that XVII We re talking about the piano and the pianist were in the concert we attended last night A which B whomC whoD that XVIII Both the girl and her dog were crossing the street were hit by a coming car A which B whoC theyD that XIX All the passengers and suitcases were still waiting on the broken down bus had to be transferred to another long distance bus A theyB whoC whichD that XX He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school A which B thatC whomD what 注意 关系副词不受这些规则的影响注意 关系副词不受这些规则的影响 只是 答疑 qq 329950885 在选用关系代词时才使 用这些规则 如 XXI 2010 福建 Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually A thatB whereC whichD whose XXII This is the same house her grandfather was born A thatB whereC whichD whose 其他有关关系词选择的规则其他有关关系词选择的规则 关系代词直接放在介词后面时 要用关系代词直接放在介词后面时 要用 which 不用 不用 that 要用 要用 whom 不用 不用 who 第第 1 章章 2011 湖南 Julie was good at German French and Russian all of she spoke fluently A whoB whomC whichD that 第第 2 章章 2008 湖南 The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors are beyond our control A most of themB most of which C most of whatD most of that 第第 3 章章This is the museum we saw an exhibition the other day A thatB whichC whereD in that 第第 4 章章 2009 全国 I She brought with her three friends none of I had ever met before A them B whoC whomD these 第第 5 章章 2010 浙江 The settlement is home to nearly 1 000 people many of left their village homes for a better life in the city A whom B whichC themD those 第第 6 章章 2012 上海 Have you sent thank you notes to the relatives from you received gifts A which B themC thatD whom 引导非限制性定语从句时 要用引导非限制性定语从句时 要用 which who whom 不用不用 that 也不能省略 也不能省略 第第 7 章章 2008 浙江 Yesterday she sold her car she bought a month ago A whom B whereC thatD which 第第 8 章章 2010 全国 1 As a child Jack studied in a village school is named after his grandfather A which B whereC whatD that 第第 9 章章 2012 全国 That evening I will tell you more about later I ended up working very late A thatB whichC whatD when 当先行词前面有当先行词前面有 which who 等疑问代词时 为避免等疑问代词时 为避免 重复 用关系代词重复 用关系代词 that 同理 当先行词是 that those 时 常用关系代词 which 或 who 如 What s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么 Which is the T shirt that fits me most 答疑 QQ 329950885 5 5 第第 10 章章Who is the person is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower A whoB thatC whichD whom 第第 11 章章Who has common sense will do such a thing A which B whoC whomD that 第第 12 章章Those not only from books but also through practice will succeed A learn B whoC that learns D who learn 关系代词在从句中作表语或关系代词在从句中作表语或 there be 结构中的实意主结构中的实意主 语时语时 that 可指人或物 且通常省略可指人或物 且通常省略 概括为 在从句中位于 be 后 此条仅作了解 He still talks like the man that he was ten years ago 他谈起话来仍像十年前一样 The train is the fastest train that there has ever been 这列火车是有史以来最快的火车 My typewriter is not the machine that it was 我的打字机已不是过去的机器了 第第 13 章章She was no longer the woman she was A thatB whichC whatD who 第第 14 章章She is no longer the sweet girl she used to be A what B whoC whenD that 当先行词为当先行词为 one ones anyone everyone none all 指指 人人 时 关系代词常用时 关系代词常用 who Anyone who is against us is our enemy 任何反对我 们的人就是我们的敌人 All who heard the story were amazed 所有听到这个故 事的人都很惊讶 whose 可指人也可指物可指人也可指物 whose 作关系代词可以指人也可指物 用作定语 若指物 它还可以同若指物 它还可以同 of which 互换互换 若指人 则不可若指人 则不可 与与 of whom 互换互换 He lives in a house Its window faces south He lives in a house whose window faces south He lives in a house The window of it faces south He lives in a house the window of which faces south He lives in a house of which the window faces south He is the farmer His son is studying in Qinghua University 由于 答疑 qq 329950885 我们一般说 his son 不说 the son of him 说 my book 不说 the book of me 因此我们只能说 He is the farmer whose son is studying in Qinghua University 而不能说 He is the farmer the son of whom is studying in Qinghua University 名词前有冠词名词前有冠词 the 时用时用 of which 名词前没有冠词时名词前没有冠词时 用用 whose I saw some trees the leaves were black with disease A whereB of whichC in whichD whose 2010 陕西 The old temple roof was damaged in storm is now under repair A whereB which C itsD whose 2011 全国 I The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination A thatB which C whoseD what 2008 陕西 The man pulled out a gold watch were made of small diamonds A the hands of whomB whom the hands of C which the hands ofD the hands of which 2009 安徽 Many children parents are away working in big cities are taken good care of in the village A theirB whose C of themD with whom 2012 天津 I wish to thank Professor Smith without help I would never have got this far A whoB whose C whomD which 2013 福建 The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected A whoseB that C whoD which as but than 用作关系代词用作关系代词 答疑 QQ 329950885 as 引导限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句 例题 I had never heard such an interesting story you told me yesterday A thatB whichC asD that which 有些同学可能选择 D 这说明有关定语从句的 基本知识学得不错 但知识还是有漏洞 要记住 如果先行词被 such the same so 形容词 a an as 形容词 a an 修饰时 这时关系词我们 要用 as 此时 as 同 that who which whom 一样 是 关系代词 代指 the same so such 和 as 引导的短 语 常译作 正如 像 在定语从句中通常作主 语 宾语和表语 在限制性定语从句中要用关系代词 as 的 常 见的有以下四种情况 先行词被 such 修饰时 构成 such as It s such a heavy stone as nobody can move as 作宾语 那是一块重得没人能移得动的石头 Don t trust such men as praise you to your face as 作主语 不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人 先行词被 the same 修饰时 构成 the same as We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have as 作宾语 我们已得出和他们同样的结论 This is the same watch as I lost as 作宾语 这与我丢的那块表一样 在 as as 句型中 第一个 as 后面跟名词时 它可以看作是 as 形容词 as 的一种变化形式 He is as good as his brother 他和他弟弟一样好 这句话还可以表达为 He is as good a boy as his brother It s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen as 作宾语 这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影 参看 P25Error Reference source not found 在 so 形 冠 n as 句型中 He is so good a student as every teacher likes 它可以看作是先行词被 such 修饰时关系代词用 as 第一种情况 的一种变化形式 He is such a good student as every teacher likes 他是一个每个老师都喜欢的这样一个好学生 用 so 可以表达为 He is so good a student as every teacher likes 参看 P 25Error Reference source not found the same as 与与 the same that the same as 指同一类 the same that 指同一个 I bought the same car as yours 我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样 This is the same bag the very bag that I lost yesterday 这就是我昨天丢失的那个包 That is the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday 那就是前天来求助的同一个人 such as 和和 such that 的区别的区别 该用定语从句还是 该用定语从句还是 用结果状语从句 用结果状语从句 such as 像 样的 as 引导的是定语从句 as 作句子成分 such that 如此 以至于 that 引导的是结果 状语从句 that 不作句子成分 判断办法 如果后面成分完整 用 that 来引导结果状语从句 如果后面句子成分不完整 则用 as 来引导定语从句 It was so difficult a problem no one worked it out 成分完整 结果状语从句 填 that 译为 这道题如此难以至于没有人算得出来 It was so difficult a problem no one worked out 成分不完整 定语从句 填 as 译为 这是一道没有人能算出来的难题 练习练习 He is such a lazy man nobody wants to work with A as himB that C as D whom him It wasn t such a good present he had promised me A thatB asC whichD what These houses are sold at such a low price people expected A likeB asC thatD which He isn t such a man he used to be A whoB whomC thatD as He is not such a man would leave his work half done A thatB whichC whoD as We should read such books will make us better and wiser A when B asC whose D what This is such a heavy box I can t move it A asB that C whichD whose Pop music is such an important part of society it has even influenced our language A asB thatC whichD where Last term our English teacher set so difficult an 答疑 QQ 329950885 7 7 examination problem none of us worked out A asB thatC whichD whose The man showed us so heavy a stone no one can lift A thatB asC whichD and I received nice a gift my mother promised A the same asB as as C such asD the same that I want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago A as wasB which was C as wereD which I have bought the same dress she is wearing A asB thatC whichD what I found the book just I borrowed yesterday so I got it back at once A the same thatB the same as C such asD such that Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera he lost last week A which B thatC whomD as but 用作关系代词 选学内容 用作关系代词 选学内容 but 既可指人 也可指物 常在定语从句中充 当主语 but 本身含 否定 的意思 其作用相当 于 that which who not 它前面的主句 通常有 否定 的词 如 no not little few hardly 等 为了快速培养语感 也可 把 but 意译为 除了 There is no mother but loves her own children There is no mother that who does not love her own children 没有不爱自己孩子的母亲 There is no man but feels pity for the starving children 没有人不为这些饥饿的孩子感到同情 There are very few but admire his talents but who don t 很少有人不赞赏他的才干 There is no rule but has exception 凡规则都有例外 than 用作关系代词用作关系代词 选学内容 选学内容 than 在定语从句中作关系代词 在从句中可以 充当主语 宾语 表语 但仍以充当主语为多 在 定语从句中 它与关系代词 that 所起的语法作用是 差不多的 只是在翻译或解释时 要比 that 多一层 比较的意味 另外 由 than 含有比较意味可知 该 类定语从句的先行词前通常要有形容词的比较级形 式 如 You make more money than is intended to make 主语 你挣得的钱比预计的要多 There were more casualties than was reported 伤亡人数比报道的要多 Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens 报纸和其他媒体做的不仅仅是记录发生的事情 as 作关系代词很有用 作关系代词很有用 P 231 关系副词关系副词 关系副词在定语从句中作状语关系副词在定语从句中作状语 2008 北京 I ll give you my friend s home address I can be reached most evenings A which B whenC whomD where 2008 安徽 All the neighbors admire this family the parents are treating their child like a friend A whyB whereC whichD that 2009 重庆 Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves A whyB whatC thatD where 2012 重庆 Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales ability A which B thatC whenD where 2012 浙江 We live in an age more information is available with great ease than ever before A whyB when C to whomD on which 2013 四川 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live A whatB whichC whenD where the way 作先行词作先行词 首先要确定 the way 在定语从句中作什么成分 如果 the way 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 要选用 关系代词 如 I don t like the way will cost too much money The way he thought of to solve the problem was not practical 在句 1 中 the way 在定语从句中作主语 因此要 填关系代词 that which 在句 2 中 the way 在定语从句中作宾语 因此也 答疑 QQ 329950885 要用关系代词 that which 省略 如果 the way 在定语从句中作状语 定语从句还原后 是 in the way 关系词用下面三种情况的任一种 in which that 省略 The way he answered the question was surprising A howB that C in whichD E B C D 定语从句恢复为完整的一句话后为 He answered the question in the way in the way 在定语从句中作状语 因此选 E The way he looks at problems is wrong A which B whoseC whatD That is not the way I do it A B which C for whichD with which This is the only way you can find A th