高一定语从句讲解（用）

1 定语从句定语从句 The attributive clauses 定语从句一般都跟在它所修饰的名词后面 所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句 根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句 一 定义一 定义 在复合句中 修饰主语句中某一名词或代词的从句 叫定语从句 定语从句起形容词 作用 主句中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词 如 Li Ming is the first boy who reached the top of the mountain that day 先行词 定语从句 李明是那天第一个登上山顶的孩子 二 组成结构二 组成结构 定语从句的构成方法是 先行词 关系代词 关系副词 从句 1 关系代词 that which who whom whose as 等 关系副词 when where why 等 2 关系词的功能 A 引导定语从句 B 指代前面所修饰的先行词 C 在定语从句中充当某种相对应的句子成份 D 在限定性定语从句关系代词作宾语可以省略 例如 The boy who that whom we saw yesterday was my classmates 先行词 关系词 定语从句 注意 在定语从句中相应的成份应省去 因为该成份已由关系词充当 作作 用用关关 系系 词词 引导词 引导词 指指 代代 对对 象象主主 语语宾宾 语语定定 语语表表 语语状状 语语 that人人 物物 which物物 as人人 物物 Who人人 Whom人人 关关 系系 代代 词词 whose人人 物物 when时间时间 Where地点地点 关系副词关系副词 why原因原因 注意 当先行词作宾语时可省略 但作主语时决不能省略 例如 The girl who that is reading English is Wei Hua 指人 作主语 不可省略 Here is the man whom who that you are looking for 指人 作宾语 可省略 It s the question that which needs careful consideration 指物 作主语 不可省略 The book which that you lent me is very interesting 指物 作宾语 可省略 The missing pilot whose name is Wang Wei is known as a hero of our country 指人 作定 语 2 The chair whose leg was broken has been repaired 指物 作定语 I will never forget the day when I went to university 指时间 作状语 I have found a peaceful place where I can study 指地点 作状语 This is reason why he was late 指原因 作状语 三 定语从句种类三 定语从句种类 定语从句有两种 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 两者区别 1 限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分 主句和从句之间不用逗号分开 引导限 定性定语从句的关系词有 who whom whose that which as when where why 等 2 非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 没有这种从句不影响主句意思的完整 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 关系代词用 which 不用 that 指人时可用 who whom 如 This is the sister who have been to NewYork twice 限定性定语从句 I have two sisters who are both students 非限定性定语从句 I have lost the pen which I like very much 非限定性定语从句 不可用 that 四 介词四 介词 which whom 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 The person to whom you should write is Mr Ball 这是一个由 perp 关系代词 引导的定语从句 用这类定语从句时必须注意以下几点 1 当先行词是人 而关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语 且介词位于从句的句首与 关系代词连用时 使用 perp whom 引导定语从句 The person to whom I lent my bicycle is Herry 2 当先行词是物 而关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语 且介词位于从句的句首与 关系代词连用时 使用 perp which 引导定语从句 The hospital in which I was born was very small 3 介词可后移 关系代词可省略 The person whom who that I lent my bicycle to is Mr Ball The hospital which that I was born in was very small 4 含有介词的短语动词 look for look after 等 在定语从句中不要拆开 也就是说 不要介词放在从句句首 Is this the pen which that you are looking for The person he is looking for is his brother 5 位于介词后不可用 that 引导定语从句 改错 Do you know the way in that he solved the problem 6 对于 perp 关系代词 引导定语从句 如何选择介词这个问题 可归纳为以下几 点 1 根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配 如 Do you know the man with whom you just shook hands 2 由先行词决定 如 I ll never forget the day on which I joined the Party 3 由句子表达的全部意思决定 如 Water is very important for us without which we can t live 7 特殊使用 Mr Green is the boss in whose company my sister works I have no room in which to live 不可用 where 代替 in which 在不定式前只能用 3 prep which 作定语修饰前面的名词 五 五 that 和和 which 的用法的用法 1 关系代词在指物时只用 关系代词在指物时只用 that 不用 不用 which 的情况的情况 1 当先行词是不定代词 如 all everything anything nothing much few little none the one 等 AllAll THATTHAT can be done has been done I didn t want this recorder I want thethe oneone THATTHAT was borrowed yesterday 2 先行词 指物的 前面有 only few one of little no all every very 等词修饰 时 There s nono difficulty THATTHAT we can t overcome I ve read allall the books THATTHAT can be borrowed here This is the veryvery man THATTHAT I want to see 3 先行词被序数词 first last next 等或形容词的最高级修饰时 This is thethe firstfirst letter THATTHAT I ve written in English She is thethe mostmost careful girl THATTHAT I ve ever known 4 当先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about thethe peoplepeople andand placesplaces THATTHAT they had visited 5 当先行词是系动词 be 后面表 语或关系词本身是从句的表语时 无论先行词是人还是物 Shanghai isn t the city THATTHAT it used to bebe 60 years ago He is no longer the man THATTHAT he used to bebe 6 当主句是以 who which 或 what 开头的特殊疑问句时 WhoWho is the man THATTHAT is waiting at the school gate WhichWhich is the car THATTHAT ran over a dog yesterday WhatWhat did you see THATTHAT made you so angry 7 7 当主句以当主句以 ThereThere be be 结构开头结构开头 时 时 或关系代词在 there be 结 构中作实义主语 先行项为物 ThereThere isis a a seatseat inin thethe cornercorner THATTHAT isis stillstill free free ThereThere areare twotwo booksbooks onon historyhistory THATTHAT areare forfor youyou The 9 15 is the fastest train THATTHAT therethere hashas everever beenbeen 8 当先行词是基数词时 Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water Now you can see thethe twotwo THATTHAT are still alive 2 关系代词指物时只用 关系代词指物时只用 which 而不用而不用 that 的情况的情况 1 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词提至关系代词前时只用 which 但当介词在从句 句尾时 两者皆可 This is the question about which we ve had so much discussion This is the question which that we ve had so much discussion about This is the book which that I am looking for 此时 for 不可以提到 which 之前 因 look for 是固 定搭配 不能拆开 2 在非限定性定语从句中必须用 which 不能用 that They have invited me to visit their country which is kind of them 此时 which 引导非限定性 定语从句 指代前面整个句子 不可用 that 也不可置于句首 4 注意 which 作介词宾语引导定语从句或在非限定性定语从句中不能省略 六 六 定语从句中只用定语从句中只用 who who 不用不用 thatthat 的情况的情况 1 先行词是 one ones 或 anyone 时 先行词为 those 或被 those 修饰 指人时 OneOne whowho does not work hard will never succeed AnyoneAnyone whowho breaks the law should be punished She is thethe onlyonly oneone of the students whowho has been to the USA ThoseThose whowho learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed 2 在以 there be 的句子 中 先行词为人时 There is a comradecomrade outside whowho wants to see you 3 当定语从句中又有定语从 句 且先行项都为人时 The student thatthat wonwon thethe firstfirst prizeprize isis thethe monitormonitor whowho works hard 4 在非限制性定语从句中指 人 I met a friend of mine in the street whowho had just come from America 5 定语从句中有插入语时 且先行项为人时 Jackson is a man whowho I I believebelieve is honest 七 七 as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1 as 用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句 并在从句中作主语 表语或状语 构成 the same as such as as as so as 等结构 例如 I like the same book as you do as 作宾语 I shall do it in the same way as you did as 作状语 2 as 引导非限定性定语从句 as 在定语从句中作主语 表语或宾语 这个定语从句说 明整个句子 可以放在主句之前 例如 As we all know he studies very hard as 指代整个句子 作宾语 The experiment is very important as indeed it is as 指代整个句子 作表语 常用的这种类似插入语的句式有 as is said above as is already mentioned above as is known to all as it is as is often the case as is reported in the newspaper 等 3 关系代词 as 和 which 在定语从句中的区别是 which 不能放在句首 而 as 则可以 在句中时 as 有 正如 就象 之意 而 which 指 这一点 这一切 或 这么一种 状况 如 It rained heavily which added to our difficulty As is known to us Taiwan is part of China Taiwan is part of China as is known to us 八 定语从句的主谓一致八 定语从句的主谓一致 1 关系代词在从句中作主语时 谓语动词要和先行词的性和数保持一致 I who am your friend enjoy traveling Those who want to go for a strike sign your names here Anyone who breaks the rules will be published 2 在 one of 名词 复数 这一结构作为先行词时 从句中谓语动词应用复数 而 the only one of 名词 复数 作为先行词时 从句中谓语动词应用单数 This is one of the books which were written by Lu Xun He is the only one of the boys who has learned French 5 定语从句考点强化练习定语从句考点强化练习 一 一 定语从句专项突破练习 1 I your good friend will try my best to help you out A who is B who am C that is D which am 2 The old man has two sons are lawyers A both of them B both of who C both of whom D both of they 3 He is a man of great knowledge much can be learned A in whom B about whom C from whom D of whom 4 I can tell you he told me last week A all which B all what C that all D all that 5 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn A that B C which D what 6 Air we breathe every day is around us all the time A that B C which D it 7 This is the museum we saw an exhibition the other day A that B which C where D in that 8 This museum is you visited the other day A that B which C where D the one 9 This is the museum you saw the other day A that B where C in which D in that 10 It is the third time late this month A that you arrived B when you arrived C that you ve arrived D when you ve arrived 11 It was in 1969 the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon A that B which C in which D when 12 We often think of the days we spent together on the island A when B which C in which D during which 13 Have you ever been to Shanghai I left ten years ago A where B which C that D when 14 He has left Beijing a meeting is to be held A when B where C as D which 15 This is the very place I m wishing to live in A where B which C that D in which 16 I have bought the same dress she is wearing A as B that C which D than 17 Can you solve such problems raised by the audience A what were B as were C that were D which were 18 The reason he didn t come was he was injured A that because B why that C why because D that that 19 He must be from Africa can be seen from his skin A that B as C it D what 20 His father died last year made it impossible for him to go abroad 6 A when B which C as D that 21 is natural he married Mary A It B What C Which D As 22 The buses were already full were surrounded by an angry crowd A most of them B most of which C which most D that most 23 All is needed is a supply of oil A the thing B that C what D which 24 He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows most of had not been cleaned for years A these B those C that D which 25 In the dark street there wasn t a single person she could turn for help A that B who C from whom D to whom 26 This is one of the means the electric energy is conducted from one place to another A by which B by that C through which D through that 27 The place you are going to visit is the ruin of a place A in which B at which C where D which 28 The factory I am going to is the place my mother used to work many years ago A where where B where which C which where D that which 29 Don t do such things you are not sure about A that B which C as D what 30 Robert is good at language we all know A because B for C as D since 二 定语从句易混点对比专练定语从句易混点对比专练 1 The man she married last year was a soldier A whom B to whom C with whom D whose The man she was married was a soldier A whom B to whom C with whom D who 2 The day she spent with us was never to be forgotten A B on which C when D in which The day she played with us was never to be forgotten A that B when C which D 3 Is this the factory you visited last week A where B which C to which D in which Is this factory you visited last week A that B which C in which D the one 4 The house window faces south is for the doctor A which B that C whose D of which The house faces south is for the doctor A which B whose C who D where 5 She brought forward a plan we couldn t agree A that B which C D to which 7 She brought forward a plan we couldn t accept A B for which C to which D of which 6 The invention she spent 2 years will do well to the world A which B C on which D when The invention took her 2 years will do well to the world A which B C on which D it 7 The English subject I do well is important in middle schools A which B that C in which D at which The English subject I have mastered well is important in middle school A B at which C that D in which 8 Tom I went to the concert is a friend of mine A whom B who C with which D whose Tom bicycle 1 went to the concert is a friend of mine A whom B who C whose D on whose 9 The place you visited during your holidays is where I used to be for years A where B which C in which D to which The place you stayed for 3 years is where an ancient city used to be A where B which C that D to which 10 She will fly to Washington is the capital of the U S A that B where C which D in which She will fly to Washington she can enjoy herself A where B that C which D 11 The story happened on a day the weather was wet and cold A when B which C in which D on when The story happened on a day was wet and cold A then B on which C which D 12 The sun heats the earth we all know A that B which C as D where The sun heats the earth makes it possible to grow crops A which B that C as D where 13 Tom we had expected got the 1st place in the competition 比赛 A as B which C whom D who Tom we had expected to help us didn t even show his face A as B whom C that D which 三 定语从句典型题精选练习 1 This is all I know about the matter A that B what C who D whether 2 Is there anything else you require A which B that C who D what 3 The last place we visited was the Great Wall A which B that C where D it 8 4 He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school A which B that C it D whom 5 There is no dictionary you can find everything A that B which C where D in that 6 This is one of the best books A that have ever been written B that has ever been written C that has written D that have written 7 He wrote a letter to me telling me everything he saw on the way to the Paris A what B that C which D where 8 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn A that B C which D it 9 Is there anything to you A that is belonged B that belongs C which belongs D that belong 10 The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us all A which B that C who D whose 11 Which of the books were borrowed from him is the best A which B what C that D whose 12 Do you know who lives in the building there is a well A in front of it B in front of whose C in front of which D in front which 13 I ll never forget the day I joined the League A on which B in which C which D at which 14 The woman my brother spoke just now is my teacher A who B to whom C to who D whom 15 Jeanne was her old friend she borrowed a necklace A from who B from whom C to that D to whom 16 His glasses he was like a blind man fell to the ground and broke its leg A which B with which C without which D that 17 She is a teacher of much knowledge much can be learned A who B that C from which D from whom 18 He built a telescope he could study the skies A in which B with that C through which D by it 19 Do you know the reason he was late A that B which C for what D for which 20 I have bought two ballpens writes well A none of which B neither of which C none of them D neither of them 21 The Second World War millions of people were killed in 1945 A during which B in that C where D on which 9 22 China has many rivers the Changjiang River is the longest A which B in which C among which D one of which 23 This is the very knife I used to cut apples yesterday A that B by which C which D with which 24 Is this factory you visited last year A that B where C in which D the one 25 Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who working in China A is B has C have D are 四 定语从句高考真题回顾 1 The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months the sailing time was 226 days A of which B during which C from which D for which 2 George Orwell was Eric Arthur wrote many political novels and essays A the real name B what his real name C his real name D whose real name 3 is reported in the newspapers talks between the two countries are making progress A It B As C That D What 4 There was time I hated to go to school A a that B a when C the that D the when 5 There are two buildings stands nearly a hundred feet high A the larger B the larger of them C the larger one that D the larger of which 6 What surprised me was not what he said but he said it A the way B in the way that C in the way D the way which 7 Playing tricks on others is we should never do A anything B something C everything D nothing 8 I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a great chance A how B which C where D that 9 is often the case we have worked out the production plan A Which B When C What D As 10 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year 80 are sold abroad A of which B which of C of them D of that 11 The English play my students acted at the New Year s party was a great success A for which B at which C in which D on which 12 There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands A where B which C when D that 13 American women usually identify their best friend as someone they can talk frequently A who B as C about which D with whom 14 Is that the small town you often refer to 10 Right just the one you know I used to work for years A that B which C where D what 15 Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes people were eaten by the tiger A