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PlanetsandMoons Overview ThisonlinelessonsconsistsofthechaptersTheSolarSystemThePlanetsMoonsPlanetsofotherstarsMoreinformation Links TheSolarSystem WhatistheSolarSystem IntheUniverse theSolarSystemisourhomeland andtheEarthisourhometown TheSolarSystem TheSolarSystemconsistsofthesuninitscentrenineplanets circlingaroundthesunmoonsasteroidsandcomets TheSolarSystem HowdidtheSolarSystemevolve Scientistsarequitesure thatinthebeginningofourSolarSystemtherewasahugediscofdirt rocks gas iceetc Inthemiddleofthisdisc theSunformeditselfandbegantoglow Insomedistancesfromthecentre theplanetsemergedfromtheseringsofdirt rocksandgas TheSolarSystem HowlargeisourSolarSystem TheorbitonwhichPluto thefarthestplanet circlesthesun hasanaveragediameterof5 910 000 000km Pluto sorbitisrathernon circular Thesunitself thelargestobjectinourSolarSystemhasadiameterof1 392 520km TheSolarSystem HowcanIimaginethesesizesanddistances ImaginetheSolarSystembeingasoccerground about100mlong Thesunwouldbeaglaringorangeinthecentre Plutowouldencirclethesunattheedgeofthesoccerground havingthesizeofadustparticle TheEarthwouldbe1 30mawayfromthe orange havingthesizeofasesameseed TheSolarSystem ThePlanets MercuryistheplanetthatisclosesttoourSun Plutoisthefarthest Remembertheorderoftheplanetslikethis MyVeryEducatedMotherJustShowedUsNinePlanetswhichmeansMercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunPluto Mercury WhatareMercury sfeatures secondsmallestplanetnearesttothesunoneMercury yearisaquarterEarth yearMercuryisverydifficulttobespottedwiththenakedeyeMercuryhasnomoons Venus WhatareVenus features itisamediumsizedplanet 2 5timesaslargeasMercurysecondnearesttothesunVenusisverywellvisibletothenakedeye alwaysclosetothesunbeforesunriseoraftersunsetVenushasnomoons Earth WhatareEarth sfeatures itisamediumsizedplanet abitlargerthanVenus probably theonlyplanetwithliquidwaterinourSolarSystemtheEarthhasonemoon probably theonlyplanetwithintelligentlifeinourSolarSystem Mars WhatareMars features itisasmallsizedplanet halfaslargeasEarthMarsiswellvisibletothenakedeyeMarshastwomoons PhobosandDeimosMarshasbeenvisitedbyroboticvehicles Pathfinder SpiritandOpportunitythequestionfor former lifeonMarsisstillunsolved Jupiter WhatareJupiter sfeatures itisthelargestplanetoftheSolarSystem morethan1 300EarthscouldfitinsideJupiteriswellvisibletothenakedeyeTheGreatRedSpotonitssurfaceisagiantstormaswideasthreeEarthsJupiterhas63moons thelargestareIo Callisto GanymedeandEuropa Saturn WhatareSaturn sfeatures itisthesecond largestplanetoftheSolarSystem onlyabitsmallerthanJupiterSaturniswellvisibletothenakedeyethefamousringscanbeseenwithsmalltelescopesSaturnhasatleast34moons recentlyaprobelandedonJupiter smoonTitan Uranus WhatareUranus features itismediumsizedplanetoftheSolarSystemitisquitefarawaybutstillcanbespottedwithsmalltelescopeslikeSaturn UranushasasystemofringsSaturnhasatleast27moons Neptune WhatareNeptune sfeatures itismediumsizedplanetoftheSolarSystem onlyalittlebitsmallerthanUranusitisquitefarawaybutstillcanbespottedwithsmalltelescopesNeptunehasfourringsandatleast13moons Pluto WhatarePluto sfeatures itisthesmallestplanetofourSolarSystemSincePlutoisfarawayandsosmall youneedamedium sizedprofessionaltelescopeoragoodamateurtelescopetospotit NooneknowswhatPlutolookslike it stoofarawayandtoosmall Thepictureinthebackgroundisanartist srendition Plutohasonemoon Charon Moons Whataremoons Moonsarelikelittleplanetsthatencircletherealplanets Usually theyaremuchsmallerthanplanets Planetscanhavenomoons likeMercuryandVenus onemoon likeEarth oruptoaverylargenumberofmoons e g 63forJupiter Moons PhobosandDeimosPhobosandDeimosareMars companions Phobosmeans fear Deimosmeans panic MarsitselfhasbeennamedfortheRomanGodofWar Theyarequitesmall 15km andlookratherlikepotatoesthanlikemoons Moons Io Callisto GanymedandEuropaThesefourmoonsarethebiggestmoonsofJupiter Theycanbeseenwithsmalltelescopesorevenwithbinoculars Europa Io Planetsofotherstars AretheremoreplanetsintheUniverse exceptfortheonesintheSolarSystem Yes thereareotherplanets so calledextra solarplanets Butitisverydifficulttospotthem sincetheyarefarfaraway Planetsofotherstars Howcanplanetsofotherstarsbespotted Therearetwomainwaysthatastronomerssearchfortheseplanets Ifyouobserveastarveryaccuratelywithspecialinstruments youmaybeabletomeasureaslight wobble Thiscanindicateaplanet Ifyoucanobservemanystarsafternight youmaysometimesseeonegetslightlyfainterforalittlewhile Thishappensifaplanetpassesbetweenusandthestar likeamini eclipse MoreI
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