高中英语名词用法归纳(全面)

1 英语名词用法归纳英语名词用法归纳 2015 12 一 名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词 专有名词 个人 地方 机构等专有名称 China Shanghai Li lei 普通名词 个体名词 某类人或东西中的个体 如 boy dog country 集体名词 若干个体组成的集合体 如 family team police class 物质名词 无法分为个体的实物 如 cotton tea air water flour 抽象名词 动作 状态 品质 感情等抽象概念 如 health happiness 个体名词和集体名词又叫做可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词又叫做不可数名词 二 名词的数 可数名词都有单数和复数之分 1 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则 1 一般情况加 s 如 books mouths houses girls 2 以 s sh ch x 结尾的加 es 如 classes boxes matches 但 stomachs 3 辅音字母 y 结尾的变 y 为 ies 如 cities countries parties factories 4 以 o 结尾的词多数 es 如 heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes zeros 以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 s 如 radios zoos bamboos pianos kilos photos 5 以 f fe 结尾的多数 es 如 leaves lives wives knives halves wolves 但是 也有一些 s 如 roofs proofs gulfs beliefs handkerchiefs handkerchieves 3 不规则的可数名词的变化规则 1 man men woman women tooth teeth foot feet child children mouse mice 2 单复数相同 sheep fish deer means Chinese Japanese works fish 如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是 fishes There are many kinds of fishes in that lake 3 以 man woman 修饰名词构成合成词时 两个词都变化 man servant men servants boy girl students woman doctor women doctors 4 复合名词的复数形式 son in law sons in law looker on lookers on 主体名词变化 film goer film goers grown up grown ups 没有主体名词 在词尾加复数 5 字母 阿拉伯数字的复数形式一般加 s 或 s There are two l s in the word all Your 7 s and 9 s look alike It happened in the 1960 s 1960s I will not accept your if s and but s 6 物质名词一般没有复数 有时用复数形式表示不同种类 wheats fruits vegetables 有时表示比原文更广的词义 wood 木头 woods 树林 water 水 waters 水域 sand 沙子 sands 沙滩 manner 方式 manners 礼貌 7 抽象名词一般不可数 但是如果表示某一具体的情况 或各种各样的也有可数名词的用法 He jumped with joy My children are a great joy to me 常用的抽象名词具体化的有 a surprise a pleasure a success a failure a help an honor 8 定冠词加姓氏的复数表示一家人 the Turners the Smiths the Wangs 9 集体名词 people police cattle 总是作复数 people 作民族 种族时有单复数两种形式 10 集体名词 class public family population team crew committee 等单复数都有 但意义不同 The class is big The class are taking notes in English 前者看作整体 后者强调每一个人 The population in China is larger 80 of the population in China are peasants 同上 11 hair fruit 通常作单数 表示总体 His hair is grey a rich harvest of fruit 如果表示若干根头发 表示种类的水果时 可以加复数词尾 He had a few white hairs 他有几根白发 12 以 s 结尾的学科名词只作单数 mathematics physics politics 等 另外 news 13 glasses trousers scissors shoes spectacles 等常用复数 但如果这些词前用 a pair of this pair of that pair of 等修饰时谓语动词由 pair 来决定 2 14 不可数名词没有复数形式 如果表示 一个 的概念 可用单位词 a piece of news information advice bread paper meat coal equipment furniture clothing a bottle of ink a grain of rice a cake of soap 常用的不可数名词 advice progress practice weather homework knowledge fun luggage equipment clothing water milk food rice 15 名词作定语 1 表示用途 a coffee cup 咖啡杯 a tobacco company 烟草公司 a vegetable garden 2 表示材料 a stone bridge 石桥 paper money 纸币 a diamond necklace 钻石项链 3 表示时间或地点 winter holiday 寒假 morning paper 晨报 city people 市民 4 表示类别 water pollution 水污染 body temperature 体温 weight problem 体温 5 表示身份 a woman doctor a boy student 注意 名词作定语常用单数 shoe shop college students basketball match 但 man woman 随后边名词变化 a woman doctor two women doctors a man doctor two men doctors 三 名词的所有格 1 名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词 表示所属关系 Lei Feng s dairy the Working People s Palace of Culture 劳动人民文化宫 2 也可用于表示时间的名词 today s paper an hour s drive Friday s work 3 也可用于表示地理 国家 城市等名词 the country s plan the farm s fruit China s population 4 也可用于表示由人组成的集体名词 our party s stand 我党的立场 5 也可用于表示度量 价值的名词 two dollars worth of books a pound s weight 现代英语中 这种用法越来越多 3 凡不能用 s 属格的情况可用 of 属格表示所属关系 the City of New York a map of China 特别是下列情况要用 of 属格 当名词有较长的定语时 the name of the girl standing at the gate Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday 所修饰的名词前有数量词时 a play of Comrade Li s some friends of my brother s 所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词时 that performance of the teachers 4 双重所有格 当 of 前面的名词有不定冠词 指示代词 疑问代词 不定代词或数词如 a an this that these those two three four any some several no few another 等修饰时 用双重所有格 双重所有格只用于表示人的名词并且都是特指的 a poem of Lu Xun s a friend of his hers Which novel of Dicken s are you reading some friends of my brothers 5 几种特殊情况 the key to the door keys to the exercises 练习的答案 notes to the text 课文注释 answers to the question tickets for the film movie a check for 1500 1500 美元的支票 anyone else s book the monument to the people s heroes 人民英雄纪念碑 the entrance to the station cinema 在现代英语中 of 属格大都可用 s 所有格代替 四 名词单复数的一些习惯用法四 名词单复数的一些习惯用法 1 单复数同形的词 Chinese li 里里 people Swiss 瑞士人瑞士人 deer means 手段手段 series 系列系列 Vietnamese 越南人越南人 fish mu 亩亩 sheep yuan 元元 Japanese 2 常用复数形式的词 arms 武器武器 earnings 挣的钱挣的钱 pants 裤子裤子 socks 袜子袜子 ashes 灰烬灰烬 findings 调查结果调查结果 pyjamas 睡衣裤睡衣裤 stairs 楼梯楼梯 belongs 所有物所有物 firewoods 烟火烟火 remains 残余残余 surroundings 环境环境 clothes 衣服衣服 forces 武装部队武装部队 savings 储蓄储蓄 trousers 裤子裤子 sweepings 扫拢的垃圾扫拢的垃圾 compass 指南针指南针 glasses 眼镜眼镜 scissors 剪刀剪刀 thanks 感激感激 congratulations 祝祝 贺贺 jeans 牛仔裤牛仔裤 shoes 鞋子鞋子 tropics 热带热带 doings 行为行为 mountains 山脉山脉 shorts 短裤短裤 3 3 形式为复数 意思为单数 News 消息 crossroads 十字路口 physics 物理 politics 政治 mathematics 数学 headquarters 司令部 4 表示总体意义 总用作复数 police 警察 people 人们 人民 clothes 衣服 cattle 牛群 public 公众 五 主谓一致 主语是复数 谓语用复数 主语是单数 谓语用单数 He is a student We are students and 连接两个名词 看有无 the The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing The professor and the writer are going to our school A number of 和 The number of 后的谓语 The number of people was fifty but a number of them were absent for different reasons 主语 with as well as but except besides including like 主语 谓语动词的单复数与第一个主语一致 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift All the teachers as well as the students be invited to the party 5 以 either or neither nor not only but also not but 等连接两个并列主语时 谓语动词的单复数应按照 就近原则 Either you or he be to go Not only he but also I be wrong Neither the children nor the teacher know anything about it 6 There be 句型就近原则 There a pair of glasses on the desk There two patients and a nurse in the hospital 7 有些名词复数形式作为一个整体 如度量 距离 金额 时间 书名等 其谓语动词用单数 Two weeks be not enough to finish the work 1000 dollars be a large amount of money 8 某些集体名词 如 family team 等做主语时 若当一个整体看 谓语动词就用单数 若就其中一个一个成员来看 谓语动词就用复数 class club audience committee crowd government party public team 等 其中 population 的用法也类似 His family be a happy family The whole family be having lunch The population of China be very large All the world be waiting for the good news 9 成双成对构成的东西 如 glasses shoes chopsticks scissors 等作主语 谓语动词用复数形式 但与 a pair 一起构成 作主语时 谓语动词用单数 10 each every 名词 谓语用单数 Each boy and girl want to serve the people in the future 11 几分之几 百分之几 of 名词单数 复数 谓语单数 复数 Three fifths of money have been used up Two thirds of the students be girl students 12 one of 复数名词 谓语复数 the only the very one of 复数名词 谓语单数 He is one of the boys that have passed the maths test She is the only one of the girls who has finished reading in time 提高练习提高练习 1 The whole class greatly moved at his words A is B had C were D was 2 The glasses mine That pair of glasses my brother s A are is B are are C is are D is is 3 Many a student something about Abraham Lincoln A have known B knows C is known D are known 4 Half of the visitors from Europe Half of the fruit bad A is are B is is C are is D are are 5 Each of the footballers over 150 pounds A weigh B weighs C weights D were weighing 6 The singer and pianist asked to make a speech at the meeting yesterday A is B was C are D were 7 Stories of the Long March popular with the young people now A is B was C are D were 8 There a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep up A were it B are them C was it D is them 9 Mayor as well as volunteer workers the newly built stadium 4 A is cleaning B are cleaning C were cleaning D have cleaned 10 Not only my brother but also I good at painting Both of us good painters A are are B am are C is is D are is 11 Either you or the president the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting A is handing out B are to hand out C are handing out D is to hand out 12 More than 60 percent of world s radio programs in English A is B was C are D be 13 The wounded good care of here now A is taking B are taking C are being taken D is taken 14 One sixth of our classmates from peasant families One fifth of her time devoted to writing A comes is B come are C come is D comes are 15 The Olympic Games in the year 2008 in Beijing of China which known to us all A is to hold is B is to be held was C are to hold is D are to be held is 16 A woman with two children coming up to us Mary along with her parents moved to Paris A is has B is have C are have D are has 17 Nothing but several glasses bought by my father the day before yesterday A was B were C have been D would be 18 Many people say 10 000 a lot of money A dollar is B dollars are C dollars is D dollar are 19 The number of the people who cars increasing A own are B own is C owns is D owns are 20 He is one of the boys who never late for school He is the only one of the boys who never late for school A is are B are are C are is D is is 改错 1 What a lot of works I have to finish today 2 What a beautiful weather we are having recently 3 Most of them are woman doctors 4 He wrote a three hundred words report 5 There are four baskets of apple in that room 6 This computer cost me eight thousands yuan 7 He has got many good ne