高中英语被动语态讲解与练习(含答案)

Grammar 被动语态被动语态 1 被动语态的构成形式被动语态的构成形式 1 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式 被动语态由 be 过去分词构成 be 随时态的变化而变化 以 do 为例 各种时态的被动语态形式为 1 一般现在时 2 现在完成时 3 现在进行时 4 一般过去时 5 过去完成时 6 过去进行时 7 一般将来时 8 过去将来时 9 将来完成时 少用 10 过去将来完成时 少用 2 被动语态的特殊结构形式被动语态的特殊结构形式 1 带情态动词的被动结构 其形式为 例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby sitter 2 有些动词可以有两个宾语 在用于被动结构时 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语 另一 宾语仍然保留在谓语后面 通常变为主语的是间接宾语 例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday 3 当 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 结构变为被动语态时 将宾语变为被动结构中的 其余不 动 例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette 4 在使役动词 have make get 以及感官动词 see watch notice hear feel observe 等后面不定式作 宾语补语时 在主动结构中 要省略 但变为被动结构时 要加 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building 改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building 5 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组 如 动词 介词 动词 副词 等 也可以用于被动结构 但要把它们看作一个整体 不能分开 其中的介词或副词也不能省略 例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday 3 非谓语动词的被动语态非谓语动词的被动语态 v ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 一般时态和完成时态 例 I don t like being laughed at in the public 二 二 如何使用被动语态如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时 不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构 还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态 1 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 这时可省 by 短语 例 My bike was stolen last night 2 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者 例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer 3 为了更好地安排句子 The well known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people 一个主语就够了 三 三 It is said that 从句及其他类似句型从句及其他类似句型 一些表示 据说 或 相信 的动词如 believe consider expect report say suppose think 等可以用于句 型 或 有 It is said that It is reported that It is believed that It is hoped that It is well known that It is thought that It is suggested that 议 例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam 四 谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义四 谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1 英语中有很多动词如 break catch clean drive lock open sell read write wash 等 当 它们被用作 动词来描述主语特征时 常用其主动形式 表达被动意义 主语通常是 This kind of cloth washes well 2 表示 发生 进行 的不及物动词和短语 如 happen last take place break out come out come about come true run out give out turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义 How do the newspapers come out 3 系动词没有 Your reason sounds reasonable 五 非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义五 非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义 在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 1 在 need want require bear 等词的后面 例 The house needs repairing to be repaired 2 形容词 worth 而 worthy 例 The picture book is well worth reading The picture book is very worthy to be read 3 动词不定式在名词后面作定语 不定式和名词之间有 关系时 又和句中另一名词或代词 有 关系 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义 例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon 试比较 I ll go to the post office Do you have a letter to be posted 4 在某些 形容词 不定式 结构中 句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时 这时常用 不定式的主动形式表达被动意义 这些形容词有 例 This problem is difficult to work out 5 在 too to 结构中 不定式前面可加逻辑主语 所以应用主动形式表示被动意义 例 This book is too expensive for me to buy 6 在 there be 句型中 当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时 不定式用主动式作定语 重点在人 用被动形式作定语 重点在物 例 There is no time to lose to be lost 用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose 用 to be lost 谁 lost time 不明确 7 在 be to do 结构中 例 Who is to blame for starting the fire 六 介词六 介词 in on under 等等 名词构成介词短语表被动意义名词构成介词短语表被动意义 表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用 含被动之义 其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形 式 名词前一般不用冠词 1 under 名词 结构 表示 某事在进行中 常见 under control under treatment under repair under discussion under construction 例 The building is under construction is being constructed 2 beyond 名词 结构 出乎 胜过 范围 限度 常见的有 beyond belief beyond one s reach beyond one s control beyond our hope 例 The rumour is beyond belief 3 above 名词 结构 表示 品质 行为 能力等 超过 高于 例 His honest character is above all praise 4 for 名词 结构 表示 适于 为着 如 for sale for rent 等 例 That house is for sale 5 in 名词 结构 表示 在 过程中或范围内 常见的有 in print in sight 等 例 The book is not yet in print 6 on 名词 结构 表示 在从事 中 常见的有 on sale on show on trial 例 Today some treasures are on show in the museum 7 out of 名词 结构 表示 超出 之外 常见的有 out of control out of sight out of one s reach out of fashion 等 例 The plane was out of control 8 within 名词 结构 在 内 不超过 例 He took two days off within the teacher s permission 七 被动语态与系表结构的区别七 被动语态与系表结构的区别 当 be 过去分词 作被动语态时表示 作系表结构时表示 be 后面的过去分词是表语 相当于形容词 其区分办法如下 1 如果强调动作或句中有介词 by 引导出动作的执行者 该句一般为被动语态 否则为系表结构 例 The glass is broken The glass was broken by the boy 2 如果句中有地点 频率或时间状语时 一般为被动语态 例 The door is locked The door hasalready just been locked 3 被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外 还可以用于其他各种时态 而系表结构中的系动词 be 只有一般时态和完成时态 例 The machine is being repaired 八 被动语态与高考试题赏析八 被动语态与高考试题赏析 1 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析 1 In some parts of the world tea with milk and sugar A is serving B is served C serves D served 2 This is Ted s phone We miss him a lot He trying to save a child in the earthquake A killed B is killed C was killed D was killing 3 Have you moved into the new house Not yet the rooms A are being painted B are painting C are painted D are being painting 4 When and where to go for the on salary holiday yet A are not decided B have not been decided C is not being decided D has not been decided 5 The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four fifths of the tickets A was booked B had been booked C were booked D have been booked 强化训练强化训练 1 If city noises from increasing people shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept will have to B are not kept have C do not keep will have to D do not keep have to 2 The fifth generation computers with artificial intelligence are and perfected now A developed B have developed C are being developed D will have been developed 3 the sports meet might be put off Yes it all depends on the weather A I ve been told B I ve told C I m told D I told 4 I need one more stamp before my collection A has completed B completes C has been completed D is completed 5 Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future A cut B are cut C are being cut D had been cut 6 The new suspension bridge by the end of last month A has been designed B had been designed C was designed D would be designed 7 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water it looks as if it A breaks B has broken C was broken D had been broken 8 Great changes in the city and a lot of factories A have been taken place have been set up B have taken place have been set up C have taken place have set up D were taken place were set up 9 That suit over 60 dollars A had costed B costed C is costed D cost 10 Look Everything here is under construction What s the pretty small house that for A is being built B has been built C is built D is building 11 Do you like the material Yes it very soft A is feeling B felt C feels D is felt 12 It is difficult for a foreigner Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 13 I have no more letters thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed 14 Take care Don t drop the ink on your shirt for it