2012届高考二轮专题复习 语法资料精品集之代词

用心 爱心 专心 1 20122012 届高考二轮专题复习英语语法资料精品集之代词届高考二轮专题复习英语语法资料精品集之代词 代词是代替名词的词 它分为人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 指示代词 不定代词 疑问 代词 连接代词 关系代词等 分类用法 人称代词 不仅指人 也可指 物 主格 I we you he she it they 宾格 me us you him her it them 1 主格作主语 宾格作宾语 She is our teacher 主格作主语 I often help him with his math 宾格作宾语 口语中 人称代词宾格常用作表语 Who is there It s me 宾格作表语 2 人称代词在句子中的顺序 单 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 You he she I You he and I are in the same classroom 复 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 We you they We you and they are all Chinese 3 glasses sunglasses boots 等复数形式的词 单独 动词用复数 对应代词 they 或 them My trousers are over there and they are dirty 与量词一起 动词用单数 对应代词 they 或 them If you find a pair of scissors in the drawer pass them to me 4 as 和 than 之后的人称代词 as 和 than 之后的人称代词 作主语用主格 作宾语用宾格 但在 非正式语体中 或带有 all both 时 通常用宾格 She speaks English as well as me 非正式 He is taller than us all 5 it 用法 表示无生命 已提到过的事物 Whose coat is this It s mine 性别不祥的幼儿或小动物 What a beautiful baby Is it a boy 指 那个人 Who is it at the door It s the postman 无人称主语或宾语 天气 时间 距离等 It s raining It s twenty miles from here to Shanghai 物主代词 形容词性物主代词 my our your his her its their 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours 1 形容词性物主放在名词前 不可单独使用 This is her book Your school is not very far 2 名词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词 名词 起名词作用 可单独使用 Ours Our country is a great country I haven t taken my umbrella May I share yours your 用心 爱心 专心 2 his hers its theirs umbrella 3 物主代词的固定搭配 of one s own on one s own with one s own 人自己的 独自 用某人自己的 Hold one s breath make one s way in one s way 屏住呼吸 找到路前进 妨碍某人 挡某人的路 To one s surprise amazement 使某人吃惊的是 反身代词 myself yourself himself itself yourselves themselves ourselves 1 反身代词作同位语 The teacher himself will visit Tom s parents 2 反身代词作宾语 They do the work by themselves 3 表示独立完成某事 亲自做某事 为自己做了某事 call oneself make oneself cook oneself 把自己称为 为自己做了 为自己作了 吃 buy oneself find oneself 给自己买了 给自己找了 He usually calls himself Old Jim 4 反身代词的固定搭配 for oneself by oneself to oneself teach oneself 亲自 独自 独用 自学 hurt oneself be pleased with oneself 弄伤自己 对自己感到高兴 can t help oneself help oneself to 忍不住 无法控制自己 谁便吃 为自己取 食物等 指示代词 This that these those 离说话人近的用 this those 远的用 that those You look in this box here and I ll look in that box over there I saw him this morning He was very busy those days 疑问代词 Which who whom whose what which 哪个 Which apple do you like who whom 谁 主语 宾语 Who is the lady over there whose 谁的 Whose book is this what 什么 color kind size What s kind of housework do you usually do 不定代词 常见的不定代词 one some any all every anther other many much few little neither 1 some thing body one 某 事 人 人 any thing body one 任何 事 人 人 everything 一切事 every body one 每个 人 人 no thing body 没什么 没有人 none 没有人或没有东西 no one 没有人 只有 none of 其他的合成不定代词不可以 合成的不定代词 else 表示另外的 用心 爱心 专心 3 either 合成的不定代词 something somebody someone anything anybody anyone everything everybody everyone nothing nobody none no one 所有格 else s 修饰复合不定代词的定语 形容词等 要放在它们的后面 something important 来源 金太阳新课标资源网 2 不定代词的固定搭配 one one anther 相互 one by one 一个接一个 other on the other side of 在 的另一边 in other words 相反的路 方向 on the one hand on the other hand 一方面 另一方面 some some day 某一天 for some time 经过若干时间 both on both side 双方 两边 all all the time 总是 all kinds of 各种各样的 all new 全新 all along 一直 始终 all over 到处 all the same 还是 仍是 not at all 无论如何 都不 every every day 每天 every time 每次 every 3 weeks 每三个星期 every other second day 每隔一天 many much so many much 这么多的 many much of 中的很多 too many much 太多 a great good many 很多 many a time 许多次 many a day 许多天 as many much as 和 一样地多 little little by little 渐渐地 in a little while 过一小会儿 few a man of few words 一个话很少的男人 have a few word with sb 和某人说上几句话 不定代词的分组区别 many much 很多 许多 many 可数名词 many people much 不可数名词 much suger 口语中 many much 常被 a lot of lots of 代替 特别在表示肯定意义 的句子里 some any 一些 some 用于肯定句 可数 不可数 any 用于否定句 不可数名词 用于疑问句 可数名词 用心 爱心 专心 4 some 用于疑问句中 表示邀请 请求 Would you like some tea Will you buy me some cake any 用在肯定句中 表示 任何一个 无论那个 Take any you like both all 都 Both 两个 都 All 三个或三个以上 都 all both 在句子中的位子 在 be 动词后面 其他动词前 We both studied in Beijing University We are all interested in pop music each every 每一个 Each 两个中的 每一个 Every 三个或三个以上的 每一个 each every 在句子中的位子 在 be 动词后面 其他动词前 one other anther one 不定的人或物 复数 ones other 单数 必须加 the one the other 复数 others 表示其他的人或物 anther 另一个人或物 再一个 some the others one the other one 和 the others the other one the other 可数名词 特指两个之中的 一个 另一 个 Mr Li has two sons One is a doctor and the other is an engineer one the others the other 可数名词 特指三个或三个以 上的情况 一个 另一些 另几个 There are five flowers in the vase One is yellow the other four ones are red Some the others 和 Some others Some the others 特定范围 一些 另一些 The students are busy with the experiment Some are operating the machine the others are recording the results Some others 较广范围 一些 别的一些 Many old people are in the park Some are walking others are talking one another the other the third 列举三个以上时 按 one another the other the third 的顺 序 The woman has three sons One is in China another is in America the other is in France each other 和 one anther each other 两者之间 相互 one anther 三者或三者以上之间 相互 no one nothing none no one 指代可数名词 表示人 用来回答 who 的问题 不可跟 of nothing 指代不可数名词 表示物 用来回答 what 的问题 不可跟 of none 指代可数 不可数名词 表示人或物 用来回答 how many how much 的问题 可跟 of 用心 爱心 专心 5 一 代词的记忆技巧 1 巧记物主代词 物主代词分两家 形 名词性各一霸 his its 无变化 my mine 记 牢它 其余变形规律化 形容词 性 后加尾巴 s 2 巧记 this these 靠近我 that those 离我远 this that 指单数 these those 不指单 都可用 the 来代替 劝君务必记心里 3 巧记 all both each 的位置 两前 行为动词前 半系动词前 三后 连系动词 be 之后 情态动词后 助动词后 4 巧记复合代词分合 分合皆能单独用 后加 of 合不成 巧学不定代词 不定代词美名扬 修饰成分后边藏 单数动词作谓语 何时何地都一样 二 不定代词 1 any all every each 都可以译成 每个人 人人 大家 both 的意思是 两者都 但它们的具体异同点为 A all 强调整体 every 强调每个人 each 强调每个人各自 All that is needed is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life B all 和 every 都适用于三者及三者以上的情况 前面都可以加否定词 如 not nearly by no means 等 而 each 可指包括两者在内的情况 即 要指两者中每个人的话 只能用 each all 和 each 都可以加 of 加名词 但 every 后面不能接 of The residents all of whose homes had been damaged by the flood were given help by the Red Cross C any 表示 任一的 任何的 The medicine is on sale everywhere You can get it at any chemist s 2 other another any other the other 的用法 A other 表示 另外 而 another 表示 另外一个 等于 an other 两者都可以做 主语 定语和宾语 another 只表示单数泛指的意思 而 other 有复数形式 特指时在其前 加定冠词 前面可加任何限定词以及数量词 B other 用于两者 或双方 的情况下 another 用于三者情况下 He has more concern for others than for himself 他关心他人比关心自己更重 No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other 2010 安徽 21 You are a team star Working with is really your cup of tea A both B either C others D the other 3 none neither 的用法 none 用在谈到三个或三个以上的人或物时 在谈到两个人或物时 通常用 neither I have two boys but neither of them likes sweets 4 anything nothing something 1 nothing but 通常指物 与 none but 通常指人 只不过 只有 Don t worry about that too much It is nothing but a quiz 不要太焦虑 这只不过是一次小测验 2 anything but 并不 根本不 He was anything but a fool 他根本不是个傻瓜 用心 爱心 专心 6 22 When you introduce me to Mr Johnson could you please say for me 10 福建 A everythingB anything C somethingD nothing 2011 全国 II 11 I got this bicycle for My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one A everything B something C anything D nothing 5 this that these those 1 在句子中作主语 宾语 表语和定语 2 this these 一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物 而 that those 常指时间和空间上较 远的人或物 This is a novel and that is a magazine 3 this these 一般指后面要讲到的事物 而 that those 常指前面讲到的事物 What he told me is this he wanted to go to Beijing He didn t come That is why he didn t know 4 that those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词 The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995 that 代替 oil output The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany 5 指示代词的固定搭配 like this 像这样 that s all right 没关系 more than that 更重要的是 for all that 尽管如此 So that s that 就是这样 6 such such 引起倒装句 谓语数取决于后面主语的数 Such is my answer Such are our people 做定语 注意和 so 的区别 尤其是在 so that such that 句型中 I have never seen such beautiful flowers 复数名词前 so 不可 I have never seen such a great film 也可为 so great a film We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing 不可 数词前 不可用 so There are so many people in the hall that it s hard for me to find him 在数量概念的 many much little few 之前 不可用 such 7 neither 与 either 的用法 都可用于表示两个人或物 neither 表否定意义 意为 两者中的每一个 都不 而 either 表肯定意义 意为 两者中的每一个 都 都可单独使用 也可同介词 of 连用 如 Both teams were in hard training neither willing to lose the game Do you want tea or coffee Either I really don t mind 8 it one 和 that 1 it 可指代可数名词和不可数名词 常常指代上文中 the 名词或物主代词 名词中的 名词 表示同一件事物 但 it 代替的事物属于特指 它的复数形式是 they 或 them 如 用心 爱心 专心 7 The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in 2 one 所表示的名词 可指人或物 和前面所提到的名词只是同一类中的任何一个 不是 指其中某一个 不能代替不可数名词 复数形式是 ones 3 that 既可以代可数名词又可以代不可数名词 强调与 this 的对应性 代可数名词时 其 复数形式为 those 2011 重庆卷 27 Silly me I foeget what my luggage looks like What do you think of over there A the one B this C it D that 2011 福建卷 21 We have various summer camps for your holidays you can choose based on your own interests A either B each C one D it 2010 山东 32 Helping others is a habit you can learn even at an early age A it B that C what D one 三 it 用法 1 it 指代事物 群体 经验 活动等 可以代替一个词 词组或整个句子 以免重复 When can we come to visit you Any time you feel like it I love running It keeps me fit 2 it 用作非指代性 而表示气候 天气 温度 时间 地点 距离 东西 动物 婴儿和 未确定身份的人等或虚指的情境 It s Sunday tomorrow It s five miles to the nearest station from here 3 It 代指不定式 可用作形式主语或形式宾语 It is difficult to learn written Chinese It is of great help to master a foreign language 4 代指动名词 可作形式主语或形式宾语 常用在下列句型中 It is no good no use useless 动名词 It is a waste 动名词 5 代指名词性从句 该结构中的名词性从句可用 that when who 等引导 It happened that they were away 注意 It is believed known reported said supposed thought that an egg is the e quivalent of one pound of meat 可转换为 An egg is believed known reported said supposed thought to be the equiv alent of one pound of meat 另外类似 take it one s duty to do something 的结构中 think find prove show deem believe consider count feel imagine make regard suppose take 等词后有不定式作宾语 且有补足语时 必须用形式宾语 it 代替 不定式 若补足语为动名词或从句 也要用 it 作形式宾语 I think it my duty to help her It is thought my duty 6 用于强调句型中 It is was 被强调部分 主语 宾语或状语 that who it 无任何指代关系 也无实义 用心 爱心 专心 8 It was John who that wore his best suit to the dance last night It was in Shanghai that I first met Jack 强调结构的 8 个易错点 一 关于结构中的 that 此结构中 除强调的是作主语或宾语的人时可以用 who 外 其它任何情况都只能用 that 如 It was Kate that who told me about it 是凯特告诉那件事的 It was yesterday afternoon that she told me about it 是昨天下午她把那件事告诉我 的 that 不能用 when 替代 二 关于结构中 be 的形式 原句中谓语动词是过去式 强调结构的 be 用 is 原句谓语动词是现在时或将来时 强调结 构的 be 用 was 如 It is he that likes playing games 是他喜欢打游戏 It is tomorrow that we will have a meeting 是明天我们要开会 注 be 有时与表示推测的情态动词连用 如 It must be John that who cleaned the room 一定是约翰打扫房间的 三 关于主谓一致问题 被强调的是原句的主语时 要注意 that who 后的谓语动词与原句主语一致 如 It is I that am in trouble 是我陷入了困境 It is you that are wrong 是你错了 四 强调结构的省略式 Who is making so much noise in the garden 谁在花园里吵闹 It is the children 就是那些小孩呀 It is the children that are making so much noise in the garden 五 如何强调否定句 要将 not 一同强调 构成 It is was not that It is not he that who studies French 学法语的不是他 原句 He doesn t study French 六 如何强调双宾语 无论强调哪个宾语 都必须根据动词的搭配关系 加上 to 或 for 如 原句 He gave Mary a pen 强调直接宾语 It was Mary that he gave a pen to 强调间接宾语 It was a pen that he gave to Mary 七 强调结构作宾语时的语序 要与陈述句语序相同 如 I don t know where it is that he has gone 我不知道他去哪里了 八 强调结构与类似句型的区别 判断是否是强调结构的方法是 去掉 it is was 和 that 后 剩余部分 经调整后 是否依然 是个完整的句子 若是 就是强调结构 否则就不是 It is a pity that you could not come 真遗憾 你不能来 去掉 It is 和 that 后 句 子不成立 是形式主语句型 It was at ten that he got home 他是十点回到家的 去掉 it was 和 that 后 原句可 调整为 He got home at ten 句子完整正确 故这是强调结构 7 it 短语 用心 爱心 专心 9 make it 成功 做到 赶上 约定 Let s make it next week as it is 用于句前表 事实上 用于句末 照原样 Leave the chair as it is 让这椅子照原样放着 as it were 可以说 在某种程度上 He is as it were a walking dictionary See to it that 注意 留神 负责 See to it that everything is ready 四 it 常考察句型 1 It is 被强调部分 that 如果把这种句型结构划掉后 应该是一个完整无缺 的句子 这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film st ar I didn t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasse s 2 It is clear obvious true possible certain that It is very clear that he s round and tall like a tree That he s round and tall like a tree is very clear 3 It is suggested ordered required that 4 It is time about time high time that 该句型中 that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气 值得注意的是 常用过去时态表示虚 拟 有时也用 should 动词原形 should 不能省 常译为 是 正是 的时 侯 It is time that children should go to bed It is time that children went to bed 5 It is the first second time that 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来 该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气 而用完成时态 至于用什么完成时态 由主句的谓语动词的时态决定 如果是一般现在时 后面从句用现在 完成时态 如果是一般过去时 后面从句则用过去完成时态 该结构中 that 可以省去 it 有时用 this 替换 常译为 是第一 二 次 It is the first time I have been here 6 It is since 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时 又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题 主句中是时间作表语 其时态是现在时或完成时 since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态 而且是瞬间动词 如果主句是一般过去时 从句则用过去完成时 It is has been 5 years since his father died 7 It is when 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句 主句中的 it 指时间 表语由具体的 时间充当 常译为 当 的时候 是 It was 5 o clock when he came here 8 It be before 该句型主句中的 it 指时间 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态 主句中 的表语多是 long not long 3 days 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语 常译为 之后 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing 用心 爱心 专心 10 It will be not long before he finishes his job 9 It happens seems looks appears that 该句型中 it 是形式主语 that 引导的是主语从句 主句中的 happen seem 等词是不 及物动词 It happened so happened that he met his teacher in the street It seems that he will be back in a few days 10 We think it important to learn a foreign language 该句型中的 it 作形式宾语 为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为 6123 结构 6 指主句中常用的动词 think believe make find consider feel 1 指的是形式宾语 it 2 指的是宾补的两种形式 形容词或名词 3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式 不定式短语 动名词短语或 that 引导的宾语从句 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day He felt it important learning English well They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two day 高考真题剖析 2011 辽宁卷 27 Would you like tea or coffee thank you I ve just had some water A Either B Both C Any D Neither 答案 D 本题考查代词的基本用法 根据句意回答者已经喝过水了 所以应该用 neither 表明两者都不要 2011 重庆卷 27 Silly me I foeget what my luggage looks like What do you think of over there A the one B this C it D that 答案 D 本题考查代词 it one 和 that 表示指代时的区别 It 表同物特指 one 表同 类泛指 the one 表特指 that 指代上文中提到的不可数名词的同类 巩固练习 1 Do you really believe that Mr White has blamed us for the accident especially A you and me B I and you C you and I D you and we 2 Daddy which of these smart hats do you like best in the hat shop They are both expensive and less warm keeping A Either B Nothing C Neither D None 3 At the shop they wanted to show me all the dresses but I was interested only in in the window A this B that C it D the one 4 His earliest plays are excellent but his latest one is A something B everything C anything D nothing 5 Did of your parents come to attend the opening ceremony of them came 用心 爱心 专心 11 A any None B any Neither C either Neither D either Any 6 What can I do for you I d like to buy a book that was written by Lu Xun A which B one C but D all 7 Some of the wheat came from Canada How about A another B the others C the other D the rest 8 Do you have at home now Stella No we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea A something B everything C nothing D anything 9 I won t trust him He says one thing to your face but does behind your back A other B the other C the others D another 10 Of all the movies Hepbum made is more memorable than Breakfast at Tiffany s A few B little C no one D none 11 Do you mind if Charlie borrows a few hundred dollars from you I m afraid I do I ll be glad to lend money to but Charlie A someone B everyone C anyone D no one 12 The boy spent as much time playing computer games as he studying A does B was C had D did 13 I want to have my CD player fixed but I can t find a repair shop Oh I know Come on I ll take you there A one B the one C ones D many 14 Will you see to that the flowers are well protected during the rainy season A it B me C D yourself 15 He has two brothers and three sisters Do you know of them No I know of them A some none B any some C any none D either some 16 Don t leave your keys in the car Someone might steal A one B that C this D it 17 I ve lost my pen I can t find it anywhere so I have to buy after school 用心 爱心 专心 12 A it B one C this D that 18 in the office had made a mistake and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience A Someone B Anyone C Everyone D No one 19 Can I help you I d like to buy a present for my father s birthday at a proper price but of great use A that B anyone C one D everything 20 The cruelty of the Germans towards the Jews and of the Japanese towards their prisoners filled with horror A those someone B that everyone C it no one D this anyone 21 Johnson there re a lot of chairs over there Go and fetch for me Why Mike is sitting there doing nothing A one me B that not he C it not him D some I 22 He cares so little about his meals that will do so long as it fills his stomach A everything B something C anything D nothing 23 I wanted some tea but there was left in the teapot A none B any C nothing D some 24 What an amazing film It s the most interesting film I ve ever seen But I m sure it won t interest A somebody B anybody C everybody D nobody 25 Have you finished your work yet No I ll finish it in fifteen minutes A another B other C more D less 答案解析 1 A 要选的代词作动词 blame 的宾语 当然要用人称代词的宾格 故选 A 2 D 由 best 可知 该处的 hat 应有三顶或三顶以上 排除指两者的 A 和 C 另请注意 后 文的 both 不是指 hat both and 既 昂贵 又 不保暖 nothing 意为 没有任何东西 无物 意义不通 none 指三者或三者以上 一个也不 3 D the one 替代 the dress from 4 D 此处 nothing 意为 微不足道的 of no importance 无价值的 worthless something 某事物 重要的或了不起的人或事物 anything 任何事物 重要的人或事物 everything 每件东西 最重要的事物 5 C 两者 都 用 both 任一 用 either 一个都不 用 neither 多者 都 用 all 任一 用 any 一个都不 用 none 由 your parents 可知 是指两者 故选 C 6 B one 替代 a book 作前面 a book 的同位语 后面 that was written by Lu Xun 是修 用心 爱心 专心 13 饰 one 的定语从句 7 D another the other s 只能替代可数名词 而 the rest 既可替代可数名词又可替代 不可数名词 句中要替代的 wheat 是不可数名词 所以只有 D 正确 8 B 语境题 几个答案似乎都可用于疑问句中 但根据 still 说明已有一些东西了 只 是还需要几镑水果和一些茶 所以用 everything 问的是否齐全 9 D 此句中的 another 指 另一件事 另一套 并非特指 the other 指 两者中的 另 外那一个 the others 指 其余的那一些 均为特指 无冠词的单数 other 只能在名词 前作定语 故不能选 A B 和 C 10 D 不难看出要选的代词是指 movie 首先排除只能指代不可数名词的 little 根据动 词 is 不能用复数 few 作主语 排除 A 而 no one nobody 只能指人 因此 只有 D 正确 11 C 由 I m afraid I do 可知 我把钱借给除 Charlie 外的任何人 就是不借给他 12 D 因为 do 可以用来替代动词 以避免重复 句中 did 替代 spe