定语从句及练习

1 定语从句的概念 在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 被修饰的名词或代词 叫先行词 定语从句一般放在先行词的后面 二 定语从句的关系词二 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词 常见的关系代词包括 that which who 宾格 whom 所有格 whose 等 关系副词包括 where when why 等 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用 同时又作定语从句的重要成分 三 定语从句的分类三 定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性 定语从句 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词 主句与从句不用逗号分开 从句不可 省去 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开 起补充说明作用 如省 去 意思仍完整 四 关系代词的用法四 关系代词的用法 1 that 既可以用于指人 也可以用于指物 在从句中作主语或宾语 作主语时 不可省略 作宾语可省略 例如 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐 that 作主 语 The coat that I put on the desk is blue 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的 that 作宾语 2 which 用于指物 在句中作主语或宾语 作主语不可省略 作宾语可省略 例如 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket 位于火车 站附近的那座大楼是一家超市 作主语 The film which we saw last night was wonderful 我们昨天晚上看的那 部电影很好看 作宾语 3 who whom 用于指人 who 用作主语 whom 用作宾语 在口语中 有 时可用 who 代替 whom 也可省略 例如 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England 经常在英语方 面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人 作主语 Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to 正在与李明谈话的老师 是谁 作宾语 注意 1 当定语从句中含有介词 介词放在句末时 who that which 可省略 但介词在关系代词前时 只能用 介词 which whom 结构 例如 This is the house in which we lived last year 这是我们去年居住的房子 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel 请告诉我你从谁 那借的这本英文小说 2 2 含有介词的固定动词词组中 介词不可前置 只能放在原来的位置上 例如 This is the person whom you are looking for 这就是你要找的那个人 3 that 作介词的宾语时 介词不能放它的前面 只能放在从句中动词的 后面 例如 The city that she lives in is very far away 她居住的城市非常远 4 关系词只能用 that 的情况 a 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 或本身是序数词 基数词 形容 词最高级时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 He was the first person that passed the exam 他是第一个通过考试的人 b 被修饰的先行词为 all any much many everything anything none the one 等不定代词时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要 买吗 c 先行词被 the only the very the same the last little few 等词 修饰时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 This is the same bike that I lost 这就是我丢的那辆自行车 d 先行词里同时含有人或物时 只能用 that 而不用 which 例如 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片 e 以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句 为避免重复 只能用 that 例如 Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 f 主句是 there be 结构 修饰主语的定语从句用 that 而不用 which 例如 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom 桌子上那本书是汤姆的 5 关系词只能用 which 而不用 that 的情况 a 先行词为 that those 时 用 which 而不用 that 例如 What s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么 b 关系代词前有介词时 一般用 which 而不用 that 例如 This is the room in which he lives 这是他居住的房间 c 引导非限制性定语从句 用 which 而不用 that 例如 Tom came back which made us happy 汤姆回来了 这使我们很高兴 五 关系副词的用法五 关系副词的用法 1 when 指时间 其先行词表示时间 在句中作时间状语 例如 This was the time when he arrived 这是他到达的时间 2 where 指地点 其先行词表示地点 在句中作地点状语 例如 This is place where he works 这是他工作的地点 3 why 指原因 其先行词是原因 起原因状语作用 例如 3 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school 没人知道他为什 么上学总迟到 单项填空 单项填空 1 Do you know the man is talking with your father Yes he s our headmaster A he B who C which D whom 2 Is this the river I can swim A which B in which C that D the one 3 This is the best hotel in the city I know A where B which C that D it 4 Can you lend me the dictionary the other day A that you bought B you bought it C that you bought it D which you bought it 5 Anyone with what I said may put up you hands A which agrees B who agree C who agrees D which agree 6 My watch is not the only thing is missing A that B it C which who 7 The man coat is black is waiting at the gate A who s B whose C that of which 8 The girl is reading under the tree my sister A which is B whom was C who is D who was 9 I love places the people are really friendly A that B which C where D who 10 The world is made up of matter A in that we live B on which we live C where we live in D we live in 用适当的关系代词 that which who whom 填空 1 The first thing you must do is to have a meal 2 April 1st is the day is called April Fool s Day in the west 3 The family had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends 4 The house we live in is very old 5 Didn t you see the man I talked with just now 参考答案 4 I 1 5BBCAC 6 10 ABCCD 1 that 2 which that 3 who that 4 that which 5 who whom that 用适当的关系词填空 1 I still remember the night I first came to the house 2 I ll never forget the day we met each other last week 3 Mr Black is going to Beijing in October is the best season there 4 I will never forget the days I spent with your family 5 I ll never forget the last day we spent together 6 This is the school I used to study 7 Do you still remember the place we visited last week 8 Do you still remember the place we visited the painting exhibition 9 Have you ever been to Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake 10 Have you ever bee to Hangzhou lies the West Lake 11 Tom will go to Shanghai live his two brothers 12 I live in Beijing is the capital of China 13 There was a time there were slaves in the USA 14 It is the third time you have made the same mistake 15 It was in the street I met John yesterday 16 It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made 17 The moment I saw you I recognized 认出 you 18 This is the very novel about we ve talked so much 19 This is the way he did it 20 Who is the student was late for school today 21 Who knows him wants to make friends with him 22 What else was there in my brother you didn t like 23 He lives in the room window faces to the south 24 He lives in the room the window faces to the south 25 This