大学英语创意阅读三答案完整版

Unit One Words to note 3 6 4 5 1 2 Understanding the text Part A Risk takingwilling to take risks They are able to learn under conditions of some uncertainty Recalluse techniques like rhymes and word associations to recall what has been learned Errorsare not discouraged by making errors but rather make errors work as a constructive part of the learning process Getting exposure to the foreign languagefind ways of getting increased exposure to the foreign language outside of the classroom This may take the forms of talking to native speakers watching TV programs and videos and reading extensively Using rules and knowledge of the first languagedevelop a through understanding of the rules of the foreign language and how to apply these rules They also use knowledge of their first language to help them master the foreign language Part B 1 b 2 before para 13 para 8 para 2 3 Para 7 some countries notably those in the Middle East are allowed to abuse copyright more easily than other countries Part B Points of ContrastText OneTxt Two Conceptshould be held in doubt It is resent and ignores ancient contributions to knowledge which are not charged for EffectCompanies suffer financial losses and as a result are less likely to invest in building production plants in the offending country The existence of piracy also makes companies less willing to put money into new research and development projects Suggested solutionCopyright claims should be waived or at least levied at a discounted rate for developing countries Extending your vocabulary Part A fake advanced massive essential Part B e d g h c b a f Unit Three Words to note 4 5 3 1 2 Understanding the text Part A True or False StatementsTrue False 1 One reason students like using the Web is that it helps them to buy things in a convenient way 2 Publishing on the Web is easier than publishing in the more traditional media 3 In using material found on the Web for academic purpose you need to be prepared to take risks 4 You should be suspicious of a Web site which offers no contact details 5 You are the Web s quality control mechanism Part B Interpretation 1 b 2 d 3 a 4 b Developing you skills Part A Structure of a passage sequencing information further practice If no email address is given carry out name searches using on line catalogues c If the site is private check it for author s biodata affiliations and any means of contact b If an email address is provided examine it closely to establish whether it is institutional or individual and if still in doubt contact the author directly d Examine the document itself to check it for compliance with academic conventions tone and style background information and knowledge of up to date research methods e Check to find out if a site is institutional or individual by looking for a logo organization chart mission statement etc a Part B Structure of a passage paragraph insertion further practice Insert the paragraph between the present paragraphs 1 and 2 Part C Structure of a passage paragraph reversal further practice Paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 need to be reversed Extending your vocabulary Part A Word families Part B Odd man out a at in on under below near b sing talk speak shout whisper scream c square circular triangular rectangular hexagonal download programme interface email ICQ virus games Excel of dance spherical d drip squirt trickle flow run gush e walk run leap jump jog stroll hop of is the only one which does not indicate position location dance does not describe sound the other words are sounds made using the human voice spherical describes a three dimensional shape the others are two dimensional walk is never used to describe the movement of a liquid the other words do so hold describes a stable action not a movement the other words describe either horizontal or vertical movement Expanding your creativity Comparing the Web with traditional media WebTraditional Media The Web gives access to a great amount of data and is easy to access in any location Travel is necessary to visit libraries It is possible to put any kind of material up on Web and reach a very large audience Publishing companies select authors very carefully books are reviewed by experts and editors and book designers make further improvements There are no checks on material to be put up on Web and one result of this is the very large amount of pornography available The content of TV video and radio programmes is controlled by law to protect audience from bias sex violence and bad language Unit Four Words to note 5 8 1 6 10 4 2 7 9 11 3 Understanding the text Part A Author s attitude and purpose 1 d 2 c Part B Comprehension the text 1 c 2 d 3 c 4 d 5 a Developing your skills Part A Recognising the theme of a paragraph further practice Paragraph 1 research into why some people live to be very old walk hold Paragraph 2 a gene for long life highly unlikely Paragraph 3 aging cannot be prevented Paragraph 4 improving life rather than making it longer Paragraph 5 the protective function of the aging process Paragraph 6 non genetic factors in aging research Part B Responding to questions on the text Q2 A2 No aging cannot be prevented but people who take dietary supplements especially those which destroy free radical molecules may feel more energetic Q3 A3 Yes because scientists believe that extending the human life span might well lead to serious negative effects Q4 A4 Yes it is The aging process is important in fighting cancer because proteins which destroy cancer cells also cause aging Q5 A5 Yes they are very important Research shows that healthy food low stress and an outdoor lifestyle are best for long life Part C Contexts and implications English Proverbs 1 You are as old as you feel Your feelings about yourself are very important ninety year old people can feel and act like fifty year olds if they have the right attitude to life Somebody might say this to cheer another person up or to encourage the person to feel better about himself or herself The speaker probably has an optimistic and young feeling about life 2 Life begins at forty Forty isn t old it s simply a birth into a new stage of life It might be said to someone approaching his or her fortieth birthday He or she doesn t fear being forty doesn t think forty is old and thinks of middle age as being the beginning of an interesting stage of life when he or she can do new things 3 Nobody grows old by merely living a number of years people grow old by deserting their ideals Years aren t important preserving youthful idealism is more important In a debate about the problems of aging for example Youthful ideals should be kept throughout the whole of life if you keep these ideals you can stay young in your attitude 4 Youth looks forward but age looks back Young people anticipate the future with pleasure older people reminisce about their youth Perhaps in a situation when someone is reflecting seriously about life It s a philosophical analytical comment about attitudes 5 It s not how old you are but how you are old Age is not important your attitude towards your age and life in general is crucial In a situation to encourage somebody to be more optimistic towards life The speaker is almost certainly optimistic the suggestion is that there are many ways to be old and some of them are good 6 He that in youth no virtue uses in age all honor him refuses Be virtuous when you are young if you want respect later in life Perhaps in a context where an older person wants to give friendly advice to a youngster when the younger person is wondering about the right course of action The speaker sees a direct link between actions in youth and the consequences in later life 7 Young folk think old folk are fools but old folk know young folk are fools Youngsters only have opinions their elders know the truth through experience Perhaps in a social setting where people from different generations are teasing each other The speaker almost certainly belongs to the older generation and is confident of his or her own superior knowledge 8 Old age doesn t seem so bad when you consider the alternative The only alternative is to die because you cannot become young again As a joke or a humorous comment perhaps after someone has said something negative about being old He She certainly views aging in a positive light 9 An old person loved is winter with flowers German An old person who is loved has an extra bonus because love brightens their life old age is like the winter of a person s life but winter also has its beautiful or bright aspects like flowers Perhaps it would be said to an older person to remind him her of life s blessings It s a comment reflecting both joy and sadness it recognizes that some old people enjoy the love of family friends neighbours etc but some are alone and lonely 10 Forty is the old age of youth fifty is the youth of old age French Young people see forty as old but older people see fifty as young This is perhaps more likely to be written rather than spoken perhaps in an essay The writer seems to have some optimism about being fifty It is a reference to different perspectives different attitudes of various ages to age 11 Old age is not misery experience helps Greek People may think that being old is a misery but having the years of experience of old people helps you to live your life in a better way An alternative interpretation is that it is not simply old age which makes older people miserable it is the accumulation of their experiences which make them miserable The second interpretation is a rather wry joke Perhaps either as a joke or as a serious but pessimistic comment on life almost certainly made by an old person It could reflect a humorous philosophical non serious view or the opposite a mournful cry 12 By living long we learn to live Italian Experience living long teaches us how to live well Again perhaps it is more likely to be written than spoken Experiences over many years are seen as blessings and benefits 13 If one knew the value of youth there would be little to lament in old age Turkish Enjoy your youth and make the most of the opportunities which come your way then when you are older you won t have any regrets that you wasted it An older person perhaps a parent to a younger people the comment also shows wry humour by suggesting that the main preoccupation of older people is that they lament their lost youth He She sees youth as priceless and not to be wasted 14 At twenty a person will be a peacock at thirty a lion at forty a camel at fifty a snake at sixty a dog at seventy a monkey and at eighty nothing at all Spanish The general meaning is that people change as they grow older The specific meaning of each stage depends on how people understand the metaphors of the animals and this varies in different cultures A likely Spanish interpretation is at twenty people are concerned with their appearance at thirty they are brave at forty they carry heavy burdens at fifty they twist and turn and can t be trusted at sixty they are loyal at seventy they are wise at eighty they are nothing As it s rather long it is more likely to be part of a written paper Now it could be said by anybody at any stage but probably originally it was written by an older person Perhaps it reflects a cynical attitude to the way people develop Perhaps students might here be asked to explain what each of the different creatures at the various stages of life represent in Chinese or other cultures 15 Ebbtide has come to me as to the sea Old age makes me bleed Though I may sorrow over this The tide returns happily Irish The tide ebbs i e its strength and power is lessened and human beings get older and become less strong This makes me feel sad but the sea is not sad because after it ebbs the tide returns as strong as ever and other people are young and their tide is rising Spoken or read in a poem Perhaps said by someone who though he she feels sad can rationalize and see that there is no reason to be sad Extending your vocabulary Synonyms and word classes Words Words from Text Word Class 1 discovery paragraph 1 breakthroughnoun 2 unexpectedly fast para 1 dramaticallyadverb 3 additions to normal food intake para 1 dietary supplementsnoun 4 prolonged para 1 extendedverb 5 done without active intervention para 2 passively adverb 6 getting para 3 contractingnoun gerund 7 having no end para 3 eternaladjective 8 improving para 4 boosting noun gerund 9 usually para 4 normallyadverb 10 leading to disagreement para 5 controversialadjective Further information Paradoxes We age in order to live longer The essential point for students to consider is that paradoxes express dilemmas contradictions uncertainties and ambiguities Often paradoxes also give insights into the difficulties of life they may express these difficulties with humour Students may discuss the paradoxes in pairs the main idea is to consider what they mean and to try to express the apparent contradictions This is a useful and perhaps challenging task to think through using English The task does not necessarily require an elaborate grammar or the use of complex grammar It does require logical and imaginative thinking and clear perhaps simple expression Teachers may find it useful to ask students to work in pairs and choose different paradoxes and write down their thinking and explanations about them later they can read their explanations slowly to the class who may judge which is the explanation which best explores the paradox Page 42 The child is the father of the man Children grow up to become adults and what happens in childhood is vitally important because adults develop on the basis of their childhood Just as a child inherits genetic characteristics from their parents the stage of early childhood for an individual is the social inheritance of each adult this is the basis for the development of the rest of their life when the child becomes the man Parents have children who grow up however children also grow up to become parents who have children in their turn who also become parents Bad is never good until worse happens When something bad happens it is difficult to see anything good about it But when something even worse happens what we thought was bad before doesn t look so bad after all Of course what is worse may also seem not so bad when something worse still happens Our perceptions of what are bad or good events are relative to other events Everything changes except change itself Change is in everything Only the law that everything changes does not change On the other hand if everything changes this should include change itself the nature of particular changes should change or even the very nature of change itself If change changes then this must include no change which would be a change from changing If change does not change then there is something to which the law of change does not apply which means that not everything changes All rules have exceptions including this one A rule is a general statement It may include everything in its scope or it may have exceptions The problem here is that if the rule is that all rules have exceptions then there are exceptions to the rule that all rules have exceptions Does this mean that the rule isn t a rule or that the exception isn t an exception or that the exception to the rule that all rules have exceptions means that there are no exceptions including the exception to the rule that all rules have exceptions A sadist is a person who is kind to a masochist A sadist is someone who gets pleasure from hurting or being cruel to someone else A masochist is someone who gets pleasure from being hurt We expect the sadist to be nasty to others including being nasty to the masochist But the sadist knows that the masochist wants to be hurt so being kind to the masochist who expects to be hurt by the sadist is a way for the sadist to get pleasure The problem now is that the sadist is getting pleasure by not hurting someone which means that the sadist isn t being a sadist A second problem is that the masochist may be getting pleasure by anticipating being hurt which he enjoys and looks forward to and may therefore be getting pleasure from the kindness of the sadist who as the masochist knows wants to hurt the masochist because he anticipates being hurt by not being hurt yet which means that the masochist isn t being a masochist Nothing is enough for the person to whom enough is too little Some people are greedy They want more than others They want more than the amount which would satisfy others and be enough for them So for the greedy person enough for others is always too little for the greedy one So there is never enough and nothing is enough for the greedy person this means there is no enough But the problem is that it may also mean that if the greedy person has nothing it is enough because nothing is enough in which case the person is not greedy and is in fact satisfied with nothing since he has nothing which is enough If the rich could hire other people to die for them the poor could make a wonderful living Everybody dies at some time Rich people may wish to keep on living because they have lots of money to enjoy their life So if the rich people could pay poor people to die for them then the rich people could keep on living for longer and keep on enjoying their life The poor would make a living i e earn money to live by dying instead of the rich Of course paying one poor person to die instead of the rich person who is dying would not be enough because death is always waiting for everybody rich or poor so the rich would have to keep on paying more and more poor people to die for them otherwise they can only postpone death for a short time So the poor people can make a wonderful living because they will be continually paid money by the rich But the poor only get this money if some of them keep dying So now many poor people die paid for by the rich but the others who are still living ge