2018届高考英语语法非谓语动词不定式用法

1 备考备考 2018 届高考英语语法届高考英语语法 非谓语动词之不定式非谓语动词之不定式 英语中的动词不定式在考试中是比较常见的 不定式在句子中可做主语 宾语 表 语 定语 状语和宾语补语 以下是动词不定时的用法解析 1 动词不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作 例如 To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task To do that implies taking responsibility 当主语较长 谓语较短时 常用 it 做形式主语 而将不定式放到谓语的后面 例如 It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages It 做形式主语 不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中 a It is 形容词 easy important difficult foolish inconvenient unnecessary right wrong for of sb 不定式 例如 It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only It is important for us young people to learn English and master it b It is 名词 a pleasure a pity a pleasant thing one s duty an honor a shame a crime no easy job 不定式 It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash It is a pity to have to go without her It is a glorious death to die for the people c It takes sb some time hours months days a lot of time patience 不定式 It takes me three hours to learn English each day It took them half the night to get home in the snow 2 动词不定式作表语常表示将来的动作 主语常常是表示意向 打算 计划的词 如 wish idea task purpose duty job 等 例如 The most important thing for one s health is to have plenty of exercise My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible 3 动词不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语 afford agree apply arrange ask attempt beg begin care choose claim consent demand decide desire determine expect fail hope hesitate hate intend learn like manage mean neglect offer plan prepare pretend promise refuse resolve seek tend threaten want 2 等 例如 I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring My mother hates to move from place to place I decide to work hard and get doctor s degree The room is designed to be my study but now it has to be used as a bedroom for the children She failed to finish the assignment in time and she was worried about it There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means trouble A making B to make C to have made D having made mean 后面一般加不定式 所以 A 和 D 可以排除 根据句意 他看起来非常生气 他想找麻烦 不定式的动作还没有实施 应用一般式 因此答案为 B 不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中 主语 动词 it 形容词 不定式 例如 We found it impossible to get everything ready in time I think it important to learn English well in college 使用这种句型的常见动词有 believe consider declare feel find guess imagine prove realize suppose think 等 4 wh 不定式不定式 结构 不定式前加一个疑问代词 what which who whom whose 或 疑问副词 where when how why 以及连词 whether 构成特殊的不定式短语 其作用相 当于一个从句 这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语 常见的可以接这种动词不定式短语的动词有 know see decide tell ask consider discover explain findout forget guess hear imagine inquire learn observe perceive remember think understand wonder 等 例如 I couldn t decide which book to choose I can tell you where to get this book They found it hard to decide whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year wh 不定式不定式 结构除了作宾语外 还可以在句中作主语或者表语 例如 When to start the program remains undecided The question is how to put the plans into practice 5 动词不定式作状语 a 不定式作状语表示目的 或用于 so as 和 in order 之后 来强调这种目的 例如 To learn a foreign language well you must make painstaking efforts Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling We must develop science and technology at high speed so as to raise scientific and 3 cultural level of our country In order to get a high mark in Band 4 he did a lot of exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension b 动词不定式表示结果 特别是在 so as to such as to only to 以及 too to 等结构 中的不定式表示结果 例如 I rushed to the station as fast as I could only to find the train already gone She left her hometown with her beloved man never to return No one is too old to learn Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me c 动词不定式常用来修饰形容词 构成下列词组 be able to be afraid to be apt to be bound to be certain to be easy to be eager to be fit to be likely to be ready to be sure to be unable to be unwilling to be willing to 等 例如 Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup It is likely to rain today for it is very cloudy I am willing to help you with your homework for we are friends 6 动词不定式作宾语补语 不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语 ask advise allow beg cause compel command enable encourage expect feel force find hear have inform invite let make mean notice order permit persuade remind require request teach tell urge watch warn watch 等 例如 Because of the complexity of the modern equipments most offices require secretaries to have specified training He asked you to call him at ten o clock 强化记忆 强化记忆 不定式 to do 通常在句子中作目的 原因 结果状语 a 作目的状语 有三种形式 可互换 to do in order to do so as to do 不用于句首 b 原因 不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后 如 happy sorry glad sad surpried disappointed 不定式不放在句首 如 I am sorry to hear that your father is ill c 结果 常用 only to do 来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况 其动作发生在谓 语动作之后 另外 固定结构 too to do enough to do so such as to do 中 不定式 也作结果状语 d 在形容词后作状语 只用不定式 如 The book is easy to read It is easy to read the book We find the lake safe to swim in 注意尾介词 不定式 主动 to do 一般式 to have done 完成式 to be doing 被动 to be done 一般式 to have been done 完成式 1 不定式作主语时 常用 it 作形式主语 即用句型 It is adj n for of sb to do sth It s important for us to learn English well 4 It s kind of you to help us 注意 下面几个句型是用动名词 It s no good use doing sth It s useless doing sth There is no need to do sth 2 只能接不定式的动词 a 想要 want would like would prefer ask demand intend desire b 希望 wish hope expect c 决定 agree decide manage promise choose continue plan prepare make up one s mind try one s best offer apply d happen learn fail pretend refuse afford 3 接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词 remember to do 记得去做 remember doing 记得做过 forget to do 忘记去做 forget doing 忘记做过了 regret to do 遗憾去做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 设法去 做 try doing 试着做 go on to do 接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事 mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味着做 stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做 cant help to do 不能帮助做 can t help doing 忍不住做 如 In some parts of London missing a bus means for another hour A waiting B to wait C wait D to be waiting 4 介词 but 除了 后接不定式 如 have no choice but to do sth 没有别的选择 只好做 但当 but 前有行为动词 do 时 but 后的不定式省 to 如 Sandy could do nothing but that he was wrong A admit B admitted C admitting D to admit 5 permit allow 允许 advise 建议 forbid 禁止 有两种用法 一是后接动名词 二是后接 sb to do sth 6 need want require 意为 需要 主语是物时 用句型 need want require doing to be done 用动词 ing 主动形式表被动意义 易混淆 需注意 易混淆 需注意 1 含介词 to 的短语 look forward to 盼望 devote to