江西省信丰中学高考英语 动名词的用法复习

1 江西省信丰中学高考英语江西省信丰中学高考英语 动名词的用法复习动名词的用法复习 一 动名词的句法功能 1 作主语 Working is good exercise Fighting broke out between the South and the North 作主语的动名词结构复杂而长时 为保持句子的平衡 可后置 而先行词 it 作句子的形式 主语 如 It is fun having guests for the weekend It is no use sending him over It s too late already There is no joking about such matters 2 作宾语 A 作及物动词的宾语 suggest finish avoid stop can t help mind admit enjoy require postpone put off delay practise excuse advise consider deny miss The doctor advised taking exercise I am sorry I missed seeing you while in Beijing He gave up teaching only two years ago 注 do 限定词 the my some much etc 名词化的动名词 意思是 做 事 Who will do the cooking I usually do my washing on Sundays B 作介词的宾语 成语如 insist on think of look forward to get used to be good at take part in be interested in be proud of succeed in feel like be fond of be responsible for be suitable for stop from He has some difficulty in keeping five children in school The teacher gave him a medal for winning the game C 作形容词 worth busy 的具有状语性质的宾语 He was worth teaching 2 worthy of being taught The teacher is busy correcting the students exam papers 如果作宾语的动名词又有自己的补语 习惯上将动名词后置 而用先行词作它的形式宾语 如 I found it pleasant walking along the river after supper 3 作表语 Her job is washing cleaning and taking care of the children 动名词作表语时有两点值得注意 1 句子的主语常是无生命名词或 what 引导的名词性从句 2 表语动名词与主语是对等关系 表示主语的内容 回答 what 或 doing what 的问题 不 可 与进行时态相混淆 比较 My favorite sport is playing basketball He is playing basketball 4 作定语 I am glad to have this chance of coming to visit your country 介词和动名词做定语 5 作同位语 That was her wish going on to college after finishing senior middle school 二 动名词的复合结构 物主代词 或名词的所有格 动名词 动名词的复合结构在句中可作主语 宾语 表语等 其 中的逻辑主语一般用物主代词或名词的所有格 但在口语中 这种结构如果作宾语 其中的 物主代词常用人称代词的宾格 名词的所有格常用名词的普通格 来代替 如 Mary s coming late made her teacher angry Would you mind my or me opening the window 不过 动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时 必须用名词的普通格 或人称代词的宾格 1 无生命的名词 The boys were alarmed by the door suddenly shutting Is there any hope of our team winning the game 3 2 有生命的名词但表示泛指的意义 Have you ever heard of women playing football 3 两个以上的生命名词并列 Do you remember my brother and me coming to see you the other day 三 非限定动词句法功能的比较 1 句法功能的一览表 2 比较 A 在口语中 用动名词作主语置于句首的情况要比不定式多 B 在疑问句中 一般多用动名词的复合结构作主语 而不用不定式的复合结构 如 Does our saying that mean anything to him Does for us to say that mean anything to him 错 C 在句型 There is no 主语 中 须用动名词作主语 如 There is no telling what will happen It is impossible to tell what will happen D 当表语是动名词时 主语要用动名词 当表语是不定式时 主语也要用不定式 如 Seeing is believing To see is to believe 2 不定式 分词与动名词作表语时的比较 不定式与动名词作表语一般可以互换使用 在意义上没有多大的差别 如 Our purpose is training or to train the students to read books in English 分词作表语说明主语的性质特征 回答 how 的问题 不定式与动名词作表语则说明主语的内容 回答 what 或 doing what 的问题 如 His job is interesting 4 How is his job His job is teaching What is his job 3 不定式与动名词作直接宾语时的区别比较 A 有些及物动词只能接不定式作宾语 如 want wish hope ask help refuse learn demand dare choose arrange expect decide agree promise plan offer manage pretend prepare elect desire fail long determine 等 I want to play football She refused to join them B 有些及物动词只能接动名词作宾语 如 mind finish admit advise avoid consider dislike enjoy excuse imagine escape include keep pardon practise risk miss stand deny fancy suggest give up put off can t help set about prevent prevent sb from object to insist on 等 She kept shouting and crying C 有些及物动词的宾语既可用不定式 又可用动名词 可分为以下两种情况 1 意义基本一样 如 like love hate begin start continue attempt afford prefer delay omit neglect propose cease can t bear Marx started working to work hard to improve his English 但如果 begin 与 start 本身为进行时后边则要接不定式 不接动名词 如 He is beginning to see his mistake 2 意义明显不同 主要有以下几个动词 remember 不定式 记住 别忘记 要做的一件事 remember 动名词 记得 回忆起 过去曾做过的一件事 比较 Please remember to post the letter for me I remember posting or having posted the letter forget 不定式 忘记要做的一件事 forget 动名词 忘记了过去做过的一件事 比较 5 比较 I regret to say that I cannot go with you She regretted missing having missed the report I regret to say I cannot take your advice I regret not taking your advice mean 不定式 打算 想要 mean 动名词 意味着 意思是 比较 I didn t mean to hurt your feelings Learning a foreign language does not mean just working in a class D 动词 stop try 和不定式连用时 本身用作不及物动词 不定式是它们的目的状语 stop try 和动名词连用时 本身用作及物动词 动名词是它们的直接宾语 搭配不同 含 义不同 1 stop 不定式 停下正在做的事而去做由不定式所表示的另外一件事 stop 动名词 停止做由动名词所表示的某事 比较 They stopped to talk They stopped talking 2 try 不定式 设法 试图 try 动名词 试一试 比较 He came to Beijing to try to find a job She tried reading but that could not make her feel better 6 E 及物动词 want need require 的不同用法及不同含义 1 want 不定式 想要 want sb or sth 不定式 想要某人 希望某事 want 动名词 需要 该 动名词主动形式表被动含义 比较 Somebody wants to see you I wanted you to show me how to operate this machine We wanted this meeting to be a successful one The matter wants thinking over to be thought over 2 need 不定式 需要 need 动名词 需要 该 动名词主动形式表示被动含义 You don t need to leave so early His clothes needed mending and his shoes needed repairing to be mended and to be repaired 3 require sb sth 不定式 要求 需要 某人做 require 动名词 需要 该 动名词主动形式表示被动含义 The order required all the people to bow before him These young trees will require looking after to be looked after 4 不定式与分词作宾语补足语时的比较 用现在分词作宾语补足语 强调动作的过程 表示动作正在进行 用不定式作宾语补足语 强调发生动作这一事实 因而表明动作已结束 比较 I saw him coming downstairs I saw that he was coming down stairs I saw him come downstairs He came downstairs and I saw it 及物动词的两种分词作宾补时 主要看它们与自己的逻辑主语 即句中的宾语 的关系 主动 关系用现在分词 被动关系用过去分词 比较 I found him cooking supper I found supper cooked 如 7 He has two letters to write Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting Do you know the man sitting at the desk Have you read any short stories written by LuXun 此外 不定式和分词作定语时 与被修饰的名词或代词都有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系 但是 不定式作定语有时可表示被修饰名词的内容 而分词却不行 如 She has a strong wish to go to college 不可说 going to college We have got no time to listen to your excuses B 现在分词与动名