并列句和复合句

并列句和复合句并列句和复合句 并列句并列句 一 并列句的构成 一 并列句的构成 并列句是由并列连词 and but or for so 等把两个或两个以上的在意思上紧密联系的简 单句连在一起而构成的句子 其结构为 简单句 并列连词 简单句 二 并列句的分类 二 并列句的分类 1 表示同等关系的并列句表示同等关系的并列句 常用并列连词 and 连接前后简单句 and 常译为 和 并且 也可不译出来 例如 He likes playing football and he plays well 他喜欢踢足球 并且踢得很好 Last year l met Kate and we became friends 去年我和凯特相遇 我们成了朋友 2 表示转折关系的并列句表示转折关系的并列句 常用并列连词 but 但是 yet 可是 while 而 另一方面 however 可是 等连接前后简单 句 but 常译为 但是 可是 不能与从属连词 though 或 although 一起使用 例如 It has no mouth but it can talk 它没有嘴巴 但是它会说话 School is over yet all the teachers are still working 学校放学了 可是老师们仍然在工作 He wants to be a writer while I want to be a scientist 他想当作家 而我则想当科学家 It s raining hard however we must go out 雨下得很大 然而我们必须出去 3 表示选择关系的并列句表示选择关系的并列句 常用并列连词 or 或者 否则 等连接前后简单句 or 有两种含义 1 译为 或者 表示选择 例如 Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema 现在你可以休息 或者去看电影 2 译为 否则 要不然 隐含了一个条件 例如 You must tell the truth or you will be punished 你必须说真话 否则你将会受到惩罚 4 表示因果关系的并列句表示因果关系的并列句 常用并列连词 for so 等连接前后简单句 1 for 在意义上与从属连词 because since 和 as 相同 但它们引导的是原因状语从句 而 for 连接两个简单句 前者表示结果 后者表示原因 结构为 简单句 结果 for 简单句 原 因 例如 He has many good friends for he is an honest man 他有许多好朋友 因为他是个诚 实的男子汉 2 so 意为 因此 所以 但不能与 because 同时出现在同一个句子中 因为 because 是从 属连词 而是并列连词 用来连接并列句 其结构为 简单句 原因 so 简单句 结果 例如 Mr Li went to his hometown so Mr Wang was taking his class instead 李老师回家乡去了 所以王老师替二课 5 其他形式的并列句其他形式的并列句 1 祈使句 and 简单句 其中祈使句表示一个条件 并列连词 and 引导的简单句则表示一 个较好的结果 谓语常用一般将来时 例如 Use your head and you will find away 动脑筋 你就会想出办法来 2 祈使句 or 简单句 祈使句表示一个条件 并列连词 or 后的简单句则表示一个不愉快 或不理想的结果 例如 Study hard or you Will fall behind the others 努力学习 否则你就会落于别人 3 either or 结构表示 不是 就是 或者 或者 例如 Either my uncle can do it or my aunt can do it 我叔叔可以做那件事 或者我婶婶也可以做 习惯上将两个句子合并成 Either my uncle or my aunt can do it 4 not only but also 意思为 不仅 而且 例如 not only the students have missed the school car but also the teacher has missed the school car 不仅学生 而且他们的老师都误了校车 5 neither nor 结构 意为 既不 也不 两者都不 用法与 either or not only but also 相同 三 使用并列句要注意的几种情况 1 并列句有时可不用连词 而用分号隔开 例如 We fished all day we didn t catch a fish 我们钓了一天的鱼 一条鱼也没钓到 2 并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分 则相同的部分常可省略 例如 My father works in a factory and my mother in a school 我父亲在工厂工作 母亲在学校工作 3 由 so nor neither 连接的并列句 后一简单句为避免重复 其成份常倒装并省略一些 例 如 He is not a student nor am I 他不是学生 我也不是 Beibei can swim so can I 贝贝会游泳 我也会 例一 Work hard you will pass the during test A or B but C because D and 解析 努力学习 你就会通过驾驶考试 两者之间是并列关系 应用句式 祈使句 and 简单句 所以答案为 D 例二 Stop cutting trees the earth will become worse and worse A and B then C but D or 解析 根据句意前后是转折关系 应用句式 祈使句 or 简单句 所以答案为 D 例三 Bill put his hands behind his back nobody could see his hands A so B and C or D but 解析 从上下文可知 nobody could see his hands 的原因是 Bill put his hands behind his back 所以应该用 so 来表示结果 所以答案为 A 例四 Neither you nor I from Canada We are from Australia A is B are C am D be 解析 neither nor 结构意为 既不 也不 两者都不 连接主语时 谓语动词 应与其邻近的主语保持一致 所以答案为 C 例五 We get knowledge from books from life Yes both are important A either or B not only but also C neither nor D not but 解析 根据句子的逻辑意思 本题应该选 B not only but also 意为 不仅 而且 用 于连接两个并列的内容做主语 谓语 宾语 表语 状语等 所以答案为 B 复合句 复合句 w w w k s 5 u c o m 1 复合句的概念 复合句的概念 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成 主句为句子的主体 从句只用作 句子的一个成分 不能独立成为一个句子 从句通常由关联词引导 并由关联词将从句和主句 联系在一起 2 复合句的分类 复合句的分类 复合句一般分为三大类型 名词性从句 形容词性从句和副词性从句 一 名词性从句 在整个复合句中起名词作用 充当主语 宾语 表语和同位语 统称为名词性从句 名词 性从句分为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句四种 名词性从句常用的连接词 有以下几种 1 that 引导的从句 2 whether if 引导的从句 3 how why when where 引导的从句 4 who whom whose what which 引导的从句 二 形容词性从句 具有形容词功能 在复合句中做定语的从句被称之为形容词性从句或定语从句 被修饰 的名词 词组或代词被称为先行词 形容词性从句分为两种类型 1 由关系代词 who whom whose that which as 引导的从句 例如 People who are strongly against human cloning claim that it is immoral and unethical 强烈反对克隆人的人们 认为这样做不道德和不合伦理 2 由关系副词 when where why 引导的从句 例如 I would like to analyze the reasons why a growing number of teenagers are addicted to gambling 我将分析为什么越来越多的青 少年沉迷于赌博的原因 三 副词性从句 副词性从句也称为状语从句 主要用来修饰主句或者主句的谓语 大致分为九大类 分 别表示时间 地点 原因 目的 结果 条件 让步 比较和方式 1 时间状语从句常用引导词 when as while as soon as before after since till until 2 地点状语常用引导词 where 3 原因状语从常用引导词 because since as 4 目的状语从句常用引导词 so that in order that 5 结果状语从句常用引导词 so that so that such that 6 条件状语从句常用引导词 if unless 7 让步状语从句常用引导词 though although even if even though 8 比较状语从句常用引导词 as 同级比较 than 不同程度的比较 9 方式状语从句常用引导词 as as if as though 练习 1 判断下列句子是简单句 并列句还是复合句 1 We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon 2 The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom 3 There is a chair in this room isn t there 4 My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening 5 He is in Class One and I am in Class Two 6 He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child 7 Neither has he changed his mind nor will he do so 8 What he said at the meeting is very important isn t it 9 The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree 10 Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music 练习 2 1 Mr Brown knows little Japanese he can t understand the instructions on the bottle Of the pills A so B or C but D for 2 What was your brother doing at this time yesterday He was reading a magazine I was writing an e mail at home A as soon as B after C untilD while 3 Mom shall we have supper now Oh we won t have supper your dad comes back A until B since C while D after 4 Keep off the drugs 毒品 you and your family will be in great danger A and B or C but D so 5 Lily Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home A Not only but also B Neither nor C Both and D Either or 6 You d better take the map with you you won t get lost A as long as B as soon as C now that D so that 7 Amy likes to go to the cinema but she doesn t like to see horror films A Since B As C Though D 不填 8 Would you like to go for a walk with me Allen I d love to you don t want to go alone A until B before C if D after 9 He had to retire 退休 early poor health A as a resultB because C soD because of 10 Mom when shall we go to Wei fang Museum this weekend Oh sorry I m going to Beijing for a meeting Saturday Sunday is OK A Neither nor B Both and C Either or D Not only but also 练习 3 Fall in Love with English Hiding behind the loose dusty curtain a teenager packed up his overcoat into the suitcase He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer He couldn t get along well with English and disliked joining in English classes because he thought his teacher ignored him on purpose As a result his score in each exam never added up to over 60 His partner was concerned about him very much She u