高二英语Unit 4冀教版知识精讲

高二英语高二英语 Unit 4 冀教版冀教版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 Unit 4 1 obviously It is obvious that Indeed there are many obvious advantages to a five day week 2 preserve No hunting is allowed in the preserve preserve peace 维持和平 preserve forests 保护森林 preserve order 维护秩序 3 unaware be unaware of 没有觉察到 4 manner in manner of 以 方式 in a manner in a way in some degree 在某种意义上 多少 有点 Mind your manners 注意礼貌 It s bad manners to talk with a full mouth 5 institute college university academy an art institute 艺术学院 6 be amazed at be amazed to hear see find 看到 听到 发现 感到吃惊 amaze astonish surprise amaze 强调 使惊异 困惑 间或还有 惊叹 佩服 的意思 I was amazed by the news of George s sudden death astonish 表示 使人大吃一惊 几乎无法使人相信 但没有 惊叹 的意思 I was astonished at his rudeness surprise 语气较上述两词弱 只表示 出乎意外地惊异 We were surprised at finding the house empty 7 opera 8 eventually adv 最后 终于 He worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill 9 purely a pure mind pure English by pure chance pure gold 10 unique adj 唯一的 独特的 unique feature 特色 点 性 unique opportunity 极难得的机会 unique copy 珍本 11 appreciation n 感谢 感激 正确评价 欣赏 增值 She showed an appreciation of my help 12 recognition My recognition of him was immediate win recognition from sb 13 wrap be wrapped up in 包在 里 被 掩蔽 全神贯注在 埋头于 被 迷住 wrap up 包起来 裹起来 14 unexpected 15 effect be of no effect 无效 没有作用 bring into effect 实行 实施 使生效 实现 have an effect on 对 有影响 对 起作用 产生效果 16 call forth v 使产生 引起 使起作用 call at on in up off for out back 17 potential 18 witness a witness of the accident He witnessed the accident He witnessed to the facts witness against for the accused in witness of 作为 的证明 为 作证 19 performance 20 bring forth bring in out about up 21 extend extend from into 从 延伸 插 到 里 extend from to 从 延绵 一直 到 extend out 伸出 extend 和 lengthen 的反义词为 shorten 这两个动词都可以表示时间和空间的 延长 但是 extend 可以用于比喻意义上的 延长 或范围的 扩展 如 the extended meaning of a word 词汇的引申意义 to extend or lengthen a road 延长道路 to extend or lengthen one s stay 延长某人的逗留 22 draw into consideration 23 broad broad wide 都含有 宽的 意思 broad 强调两边之间面积的广大 如 broad plains 广阔的平原 wide 强调从一边到另一边的距离 如 two meters wide 两米宽 24 comfort give comfort to 安慰 have take comfort in 感到安慰 安心 宽心 从 中 得到安慰 25 emotion mood 26 remark 常与 that 连用 说 He remarked that it was getting late 他说天色渐晚了 常与 on upon 连用 谈论 评论 It is rude to remark upon the appearance of other people make pass a remark on 就 发表意见 对 评头论足 27 IQ 28 genetic adj 遗传的 起源的 29 seize The policeman seized the thief 警察捉住了那个小偷 They seized an opportunity 他们抓住了机会 30 engineering 31 analyze analysis 32 burden sb with sth 33 fascinate be fascinated with by 被 迷住 34 obsession be under an obsession of 在思想 情感 上被 缠住 suffer from an obsession 耿耿于怀 35 tank 36 psychologist 37 cope 38 figure figure on 料想 估计 We figure on your coming early to help us figure out 算出 了解 We must figure out how to solve the problem make a fine figure 崭露头角 39 option n 选项 选择权 have no option but to do 除了 以外没有其他法 只好 make one s option 进行选择 40 show off show off 在此意为 炫耀 卖弄 指向别人展示自己所骄傲的人或物 后面可以接人 或物 或由特殊疑问词引导的从句作宾语 show off 也可作不及物的动词词组 意为 炫 耀自己 卖弄自己 例如 She wanted to show off her new handbag at the party The boy likes to show off how well he speaks German He is just showing off you know show 的相关短语 show sb sth show sth to sb 向某人出示某物 show one s face 露脸 出面 show sb in 领某人进来 show sb out 领某人出去 show sb around 带某人参观某处 show up 出现 露面 41 get on with get on with 意为 相处 进展 其中 with 是介词 get on with 后面的宾语不同 其表 达的意思也不同 get on with sth 意为 某事进展 get on with sb 意为 与某人和睦相处 get on with sb sth 的同义词组为 get along with sb sth get on along 的意思是 进展 进 步 过活 应付 是不及物的动词词组 例如 I get on along well with my English study How do you get on along with your classmates The boy is getting on well at school He managed to get on along without much money Phrases 1 没意识到 没察觉的 2 钱 时间精力 被用于 3 接受某种局面 4 以 方式 5 对 惊异 6 只要 7 没作用 没意义 8 相信 信仰 9 实现 成为现实 10 前往 将会 11 撕掉 猛烈脱掉 12 以一种 方式 程度 13 引起 使发生 14 抓住 吸引住 15 为 服务 16 全额奖学金 17 超出极限 18 从另一意义上讲 19 与 无关 20 到 程度 1 be unaware of 2 go into 3 live with 4 in a manner 5 be amazed at by 6 as long as 7 there is no point in 8 believe in 9 come to fruition 10 head for 11 rip off 12 in a way 13 call forth 14 take hold of 15 in the service of 16 full scholarship 17 beyond one s limit 18 in another sense 19 have nothing to do with 20 to the extent that 模拟试题模拟试题 第一部分 听力略 第二部分 英语知识运用 共两节 满分 35 分 第一节 语法和词汇知识 共 15 小题 每小题 1 分 满分 15 分 从 A B C D 四个选 项中 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 21 What should I wear to attend his wedding party Dress you like A whatB howC whateverD however 22 Don t be too rude to your father Never in his life in that way A has he spoken to B he has spoken to C has he been spoken to D he has been spoken to 23 Have you ever been upset when to yourself after your mobile phone battery runs out in the middle of a call A being left talkingB left talking C being left talkD leaving talking 24 I saw no more than one motor car in that shop Will you go and buy No I d rather find in other shops A it one B it it C one it D one one 25 The computers made by our company sell best but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they A were playing B were to play C have played D played 26 The adverbial phrase every day has space between two words A a the B the the C 不填 the D 不填 不填 27 More people in hospital this year than at any time since the start of the Health Service A are being treated B have treated C are treating D have been treated 28 Facts prove that the world s economic development is not a win lose game but one in which all be winners A must B shall C can D would 29 How do you find our company A little worried We ground as a leader in the field of it with the others speeding up development A have lost B lost C are losing D were losing 30 Such teachers as not easily forgotten A he is B him are C him is D he are 31 After saying good bye the couple moved off and in the crowed A was lost B were lost C had lost D lost 32 My sister and I had a quarrel over to wash dishes A which turn it was B it was which turn C whose turn it was D whose turn was it 33 Is this stick long enough No I need one A twice so long B so long twice C twice as long D as long twice 34 There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended A wasn t there B was there C didn t it D did it 35 May I go and play with Tom this afternoon mum No you can t go out your homework is being A before B as C until D unless 第二节 完形填空 共 20 小题 每小题 1 分 满分 20 分 阅读下面短文 从短文后所给各题的四个选项 A B C 和 D 中 选出可以填入空 白处的最佳选项 If you have strong arms and feet you might make a good waiter You must 36 however not in the restaurant but in the 37 helping the head cook to learn exactly 38 each dish is prepared Then you will be able to tell the customers what the ingredients 成分 are and how the food is 39 From this first step you may enter the restaurant as a 40 But you won t be allowed to serve the customers yet They will 41 let you do the simplest jobs 42 the tables and carrying the plates But all the time you must watch and learn Later you will be taught how to 43 food and if you are good at it you may become a waiter in charge of a number of 44 You may even become a head waiter 45 you are afraid of hard work When Carlo Bianchi first arrived in London he 46 only two words of English please and Hello He 47 to get a job helping in the kitchen of an Indian restaurant and he spent 48 little spare time he had learning English He was a good worker and soon he got a job in the restaurant as a waiter Every night Carlo used to go home tired but 49 too tired to study the language for half an hour before going to sleep He always managed to 50 a third of his wages 51 he put in the bank regularly every Friday And no matter how tired or ill he felt he always had a warm 52 for his customers They liked him 53 people used to come to the restaurant and ask to be served by Carlo Now twenty five years later Carlo is the manager of six restaurants and he hopes to open a seventh 54 But he still believes in the personal 55 and every night he goes to one or another of his restaurants to welcome the customers with a friendly greeting 36 A workB startC cookD learn 37 A marketB schoolC workshopD kitchen 38 A whenB howC whatD where 39 A servedB eatenC cookedD bought 40 A learnerB waiterC cookD observer 41 A soonB onlyC laterD hardly 42 A layingB lyingC puttingD moving 43 A takeB makeC carryD serve 44 A tablesB waitersC foodsD jobs 45 A ifB beforeC unlessD though 46 A spokeB studiedC heardD kept in mind 47 A failedB triedC managedD intended 48 A howB whatC suchD that 49 A onlyB sometimesC littleD never 50 A spareB leaveC saveD get 51 A asB thatC thoseD which 52 A friendshipB dishC welcomeD smile 53 A andB forC evenD therefore 54 A againB latelyC shortlyD more 55 A opinionB touchC effortD effect 第三部分 阅读理解 共 20 小题 每小题 2 分 满分 40 分 阅读下列短文 然后从各题所给的四个选项 A B C 和 D 中 选出最佳选项 A Margie Blank remembers the phone call from Iraq sometime before Christmas Her son Army specialist Joseph Darby a military police officer in the reserves not full time soldiers was on the phone and she could tell something was wrong Darby 24 would later come out as the soldier who first alerted 使警觉 the world to the abuse 虐待 of Iraqi prisoners by US guards at Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad on January 13 I could tell in his voice he was not sleeping Blank 45 recalls He said I don t feel good Darby was feeling bad about something he thought was very wrong It was really hard on him his mother said He didn t want to go against his troops but he said he could not stand the cruelty he had discovered He said he kept thinking What if that was my mum my brother or my wife Darby slipped an anonymous 匿名信 note under a military investigator s door in January about the mistreatment of prisoners He later turned in a CD ROM with1 000 photos documenting the cruelty according to a recently disclosed internal Army report I told him Your picture is in the paper Blank said I said Honey you did a good thing and good always triumphs over evil And he said You re right mum Darby grew up in western Pennsylvania US To help his family he worked at a fast food restaurant as a teenager and as a mechanic after graduating from high school He thought the Army might lead to a better life even a college education So like many others he ended up in Iraq 56 How did Darby feel when he found the abuse of Iraqi prisoners A Excited B Terrible C Pleased D Angry 57 Blank A worried about what Darby had done B was proud of her son C cared little about her son D encouraged her son to tell the world the truth 58 Darby joined the arm to A travel around the world for free B support his family C improve his life D occupy Iraq 59 The purpose of writing the passage is to A criticize the US troops for their wrong doings in Iraq B discuss whether Darby should disclose the abuse of Iraqi prisoners C tell the life about the abuse of Iraqi prisoners D show how Darby did in face of the abuse of Iraqi prisoners B Scientists have long doubted that one of most powerful objects in space is a black hole Black holes create huge amounts of gravity The gravity produced by a black hole is so strong it can even capture 捕获 light Black holes pull everything into them Recently NASA exerts released information and a photograph that shows a black hole slowly destroying a star The power gravity of the black hole is tearing the star apart Observations from two X ray telescopes show evidence of this The telescopes are NASA Chandra and the European Space Agency s XMM Newton X ray They were combined with earlier images from the German Roentgen Satellite Scientists have been observing the black hole more than ten years Stefanie Komossa works at the Max Planck Institute for Extra terrestrial 宇宙的 Physics in German She is the leader of an international team of researchers Miss Komossa says stars can bend or be stretched a small amount However evidence shows this star has been stretched so far it is now breaking apart She says her star moved too close to the black hole Scientists say the black hole they are observing has a mass of about 100 million times that of the Sun They believed the star that was destroyed was about the same size as the Sun The black hole and the star are in a galaxy 银河系 about 700 millionlight years away from the Earth 60 It can be learned from the first paragraph that the scientists seem to in space A describe one of the most powerful objects B worry about the huge amounts of gravity C open out the result of a new discovery D remind people of the secret of nature 61 The underline word evidence in the passage probably means A anything that gives reason for believing something B the act or an instance of discovering C information presented as objective reality D the act of informing or the condition of being informed 62 Which of the following is NOT right A It was long time ago that the black holes began to be observed B A star was pulled into the black hole because of the powerful gravity C Only X ray telescopes are used to observe the black hole in space D Scientists didn t believe that the black holes exist in space 63 The gravity produced by a black hole is so strong that A maybe all the objects in space will be destroyed B it can even capture light C none of objects in space can avoid being stretched D the galaxy will become a target attacked in space C The cicada 蝉 is a typical insect species which uses a combinatorial communication system In their life cycle communication is very important for only through the exchange of sounds do cicadas know where to meet and when to mate Three different calls are employed for this purpose Because of their limited sound producing mechanisms cicadas can make only ticks and buzzes The only way they can distinguish between congregation and courtship calls is by varying the rate with which they make ticks and buzzes The congregation call consists of 12 to 40 ticks delivered rapidly followed by a two second buzz It is given by males but attracts cicadas of both sexes Once they are all together the males use courtship calls The preliminary call a prolonged slow ticking is given when the male notices a female near him The advanced call a prolonged series of short buzzes at the same slow rate is given when a female is almost within grasp The preliminary call almost in variably occurs before the advanced call although the latter is given without the preliminary call occurring first if a female is suddenly discovered very near by During typical courtship though the two calls together result in ticking followed by a buzzing the same pattern which comprises the congregation call but delivered at a slower rate In this way cicadas show efficient use of their minimal sound producing ability organizing two sounds delivered at a high rate as one call and the same sounds delivered at a slow rate as two more calls 64 The cicada congregation call A attracts only males B is given by both sexes C is given only by males D attracts only females 65 During typical courtship when a male first notices a female near him he gives A the two courtship calls together B a series of slow ticks C 12 to 40 rapid ticks D a two second buzz 66 How does the congregation call differ from the two courtship calls together A It is delivered at a slower rate B It is delivered at a faster rate C The ticks precede the buzzes D The buzzes precede the ticks 67 According to this passage why is communication so important for cicadas A It helps them defend themselves against other insect species B It warns them of approaching danger C It separates the males from the females D It is necessary for the continuation of the species D His feet had touched the ground again but South African Mike Melvill s head was still high above the clouds Seeing the earth from the edge of space was an amazing experience said the 63 year old pilot It was more than a personal experience Melvill and his rocket plane Space Ship One made history last Monday when it became the first private manned flight to reach space The spacecraft was carried by a jet 喷气机 until it reached a height of 14 kilometers Then it separated from the jet and continued its journey beyond the earth s atmosphere The craft reached space by traveling at three times the speed of sound On board Mevill was able to see the earth He also became weightless for about 3 minutes when the craft reached its highest altitude of 100 kilometers He even opened a bag of colorful chocolate sweets to see if they would float around in the cockpit 驾驶员座舱 they did The successful flight brought the design team led by famous American designer Burt Rutan closer to winning the USS10 million Ansari X Prize The award will be given to the first privately funded 投资 spacecraft to send three people 100 kilometers above the earth The spacecraft also has to land safely and repeat the achievement within two weeks This is to prove that the craft is reliable 可靠的 and has the ability to carry paying customers The flight opens a new chapter in history putting space within the reach of ordinary citizens said Patti Smith head of commercial space transportation at the US Federal Aviation Administration 联邦航空局 It s hoped that this flight is the first step toward space tourism Members of the public could pay US 20 000 100 000 for the chance to fly high above the earth s atmosphere float in zero gravity and take in the sights of space Rutan thinks that affordable space flights will be possible within the next 10 to 15 years And that s just the beginning We are heading in to orbit sooner than you think he said We do not intend to stay in low earth orbit for ages The next 25 years will be a wild ride one that history will note was done for the benefit of everyone 68 The story is about A a successful flight into pace B the beginning of affordable space flights C competition for commercial space transportation D the first private rocket plane 69 According to Burt Rutan what is likely to happen A He ll win the Ansari X Prize B A space flight will cost much less than 100 000 C In a few decades private space craft will travel high in space D The Space Ship One will make another flight withi