高三英语非谓语动词人教实验版知识精讲

用心 爱心 专心 高三英语非谓语动词人教实验版高三英语非谓语动词人教实验版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 非谓语动词 非谓语动词非谓语动词 一 非谓语动词的句法功能一 非谓语动词的句法功能 语 法 功 能 名称 主语宾语 宾语补足 语 表语定语状语 不定式 动名词 现在分 词 过去分 词 二 动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题二 动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题 1 不定式作表语与 be to do sth 的异同 不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质 His job is to guard 说明内容 be to do sth 表示按计划要做的事 2 用带 to 的不定式作宾语的词语 下列词语常用带 to 的不定式作宾语 afford promise refuse expect hope learn offer wish want fail plan agree forg et like prefer decide manage try arrange determine desire 等 下列动词后可接疑问词 带 to 不定式 teach decide wonder show learn forget ask find out advise discuss 等 3 如何理解和使用不定式作宾补 动词 see watch notice hear listen to observe feel taste smell make let have 等的宾补用动词原形 变被动时要加 to 此时的不定式就是主语补足语 常用带 to 的不定式作宾补的几种情况 1 主语 ask require tell order force get want like sb to do sth 2 主语 think judge suppose believe consider imagine consider feel sb to be to have done 3 主语 call on upon depend on wait for ask for sb to do sth 4 不定式作定语的特殊用法 下列词语后常接不定式作定语 chance wish right courage need promise time opportunity way the first the second the last the only 等 不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系 There is no one to look after her 用心 爱心 专心 不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系 She is now looking for a room to live in 5 不定式作状语的用法 不定式作状语 修饰动词 在句中表示行为目的 结果 原因 only to do 表示出人意 料的结果 We hurried to the classroom only to find none there in order not to so as not to 用来引导目的状语 enough too so as to do such 名词 as to do 作结果状语 如 The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus I m not such a fool as to believe that 6 不定式的完成时的特殊用法 表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作 The novel was said to have been published I regret to have been with you for so many years seem appear be said be supposed be believed be thought be known be reported 等动词常用于上面句型 此外 glad happy satisfied sorry surprised disappointed 后也接完成时 但要注 意与一般时的区别 I m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute 对不起 请稍等 说话时还未等很久 I m sorry to have kept you waiting 对不起 让你久等了 说话时已等了很久 不定式的完成时还可表示 过去本想做某事但未做 的虚拟语气 A should like to would like to would love to 不定式的完成时 B was were to 不定式的完成时 表示该做某事或想做但未实现 C expect hope mean promise suppose think want wish 不定式的完成时 表示过去未曾实现的愿望 7 不定式的省略 同一结构并列由 and 或 or 连接 I want to finish my homework and go home I m really puzzled what to think or say 特例 To be or not to be this is a question He is better to laugh than to cry 表示对比 不定式作表语 其前面的主语从句中含有 do 时 后面的 to 省略 What he did was lose the game 句中含有动词 do 时 but except besides such as 等后面的 to 可省略 即 前有 do 后省 to Don t do anything silly such as marry him 主句含有不定式 后面有 rather than rather than 后省 to why not had better would rather can t but 等词后省 to 如 He could not but walk home 8 不定式的替代 多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中 为了避免重复 作宾语或主补 宾补的不定式再 次出现时 to 后的内容常承前省略 只保留 to 即可 但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词 have 或 be 的任何形式 后应该保留原形 be 或 have 如 Susan is not what she used to be You came late last night You ought to have finished your homework 用心 爱心 专心 I know I ought to have 常见的有 I d like love be happy to 三 动名词复习中应注意的几个问题三 动名词复习中应注意的几个问题 1 动名词作宾语 下列动词后只能接动名词 suggest finish avoid stop can t help mind enjoy require practise miss escape pardon advise consider imagine keep appreciate permit 下列动词短语接动名词 leave off put off give up look forward to feel like have trouble difficulty in devote to get used to pay attention to be fond of be worth 介词后要接动名词 what about how about without be fond of be good at 等介词 后接动名词 注意 on upon doing sth as soon as 引导的从句中 作此意讲时 on upon 后 也可以接名词 如 on his arrival 动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别 begin start continue like love dislike hate prefer can t stand 例 句解 析 1 It began to rain It began raining 2 It was beginning to snow 3 I love lying to lie on my back 4 I like listening to music but today I don t like to 5 I don t prefer to swim in the river now 1 意思无差别 但谓语动词用进行时 后面 只跟不定式 2 表示一种倾向 多接动名词作宾语 如果 表示某一特定的或具体的行动 多接不定 式 remember forget regret try 例 句解 析 1 I remember to meet her at the station I remember seeing her once somewhere 2 I forgot giving it to you yesterday I forgot to tell you about it Now here it is 3 I regret not having working hard I regret to hear of your sister s death 4 Try knocking at the back door We must try to get everything ready 5 That will mean flooding some land I had meant to go on Monday 1 remember to do sth 记住要做的事 remember doing sth 回顾过去发生的事 2 forget to do sth 忘记要做的事 forget doing sth 忘记做过的事 3 regret to do sth 对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth 对发生过的事后悔 4 try to do sth 设法 试图 try doing sth 试试看 试一试 5 mean to do sth 打算做 想要 mean doing sth 意味着 就是 want require need 例 句解 析 These desks need repairing These desks need to be repaired The patient required examined The patient required to be examined 1 need doing 需要被做 need to be done 需要被做 2 want doing want to be done 3 require doing require to be done 用心 爱心 专心 四 分词复习应注意的几个问题四 分词复习应注意的几个问题 1 现在分词在句中作时间 原因 伴随 条件 结果等状语 时间状语 分词作状语前面可加 when while 等 Hearing the good news he jumped with great joy Not having finished her work in time the boss fired her 原因状语 Seeing nobody at home he decided to leave them a note 伴随状语 The girls came in following their parents 结果状语 The poor old man died leaving nothing to his children 注意 现在分词作状语的几个特性 时间性 与谓语动词同时发生 用一般时 如 发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式 having done 语态性 与句子的主语之间的关系 是 主谓关系或动宾关系 遵循的规则 主动进行 被动完成 人称一致性 分词的逻辑主 语就是句子的主语 2 分词作表语 S be 动词 ed 表示被动 主语是人 S be 动词 ing 表示主动 主语是物 分 词作宾补 不定式作宾补的区别 感官动词 动词原形 做了某事 S 宾语 现在分词 正在做某事 使役动词 过去分词 做了或被做 五 复习过去分词应注意的几个问题五 复习过去分词应注意的几个问题 过去分词作状语 相当于一个状语从句 用来说明原因 时间 条件等 1 过去分词作原因状语 Tired by the trip he soon fell asleep Because he was tired by the trip he soon fell asleep Lost in thought he almost ran into a car As he was lost in thought he almost ran into a car 2 作时间状语 Seen from the hill the city looks like a garden When the city is seen from the hill it looks like a garden 3 作条件状语 Given more time I would have worked out the problem If I have been given more time I would have worked out the problem 4 伴随状语 The teacher came in followed by some students The teacher came in and was followed by some students 分词短语作状语时 通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致 但有时它也可以有自己独立 的逻辑上的主语 这种结构称为独立主格结构 如 Her grandfather being ill she had to stay at home looking after him 用心 爱心 专心 六 精典名题导解六 精典名题导解 1 such heavy pollution already it may now be too late to clean up the river NMET 2001 A Having suffered B Suffering C To suffer D Suffered 解析 解析 答案为 A 本题考查分词短语作状语的用法 分词作状语 其逻辑主语必须是 句子的主语 而本句的主语看似是 it 其实它为形式主语 真正的主语为不定式 而不定式 省略了逻辑主语 for people 所以应用现在分词 又因 already 应用完成时 2 One learns a language by making mistakes and them 2001 年春季高考 A correct B correcting C corrects D to correct 解析 解析 答案为 B 本题考查动名词作介词宾语的用法 介词 by 意为 通过 凭 后面常接动名词 形成 by v ing 结构 表示通过做某事而得到某种结果 本题中只有 correcting 符合 3 The picture on the wall is painted by my nephew 2000 年春季高考 A having hung B hanging C hangs D being hung 解析 解析 答案为 B 本题考查现在分词作定语的用法 根据句意 墙上挂的那幅画是我 侄子画的 可知空白处所填的动词形式在句中作定语 表说话时仍在进行的动作或所处的 状态 解题关键在于分析 picture 与 hang 之间的逻辑关系 模拟试题模拟试题 非谓语动词专题练习 1 He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger A put B to be putting C to put D putting 2 I m going to the supermarket this afternoon Do you have anything A to be buying B to buy C for buying D to be bought 3 in the queue for half an hour Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home A To wait B Have waited C Having waited D To have waited 4 the programme they have to stay there for another two weeks A Not completing B Not completed C Not having completed D Having not completed 5 I had no choice but there alone A walking B walked C to walk D walk 6 Sandy could do nothing but to his teacher that he was wrong A admit B admitted C admitting D to admit 7 Mr Smith of the speech started to read a novel A tired boring B tiring bored C tired bored D tiring boring 8 The teacher asked us so much noise A don t make B not make C not making D not to make 9 time he ll make a first class tennis player A Having given B To give C Giving D Given 10 In some parts of London missing a bus means another hour A waiting B to wait C wait D to be waiting 11 Why did you go back to the shop I left my friend there A waiting B to wait C wait D waits 用心 爱心 专心 12 I ve worked with children before so I know what in my new job A expected B to expect C to be expecting D expects 13 Jane was made the truck for a week as a punishment A to wash B washing C wash D to be washing 14 in 1636 Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States A Being founded B It was founded C Founded D Founding 15 When help one often says Thank you Or It is kind of you A offering B to offer C to be offered D offered 16 The teacher couldn t make himself attention to because they were too noisy A pay B paid C to pay D to be paid 17 Which do you enjoy your weekends fishing or watching TV A spending B spend C being spent D to spend 18 The computer centre last year is v