国际贸易实务英语课后练习答案

Unit one I Find in the text the English equivalents for the following protectionism domestic market interference direct investment restriction be first voiced by dominate mercantilism consume outflow of currency currency portfolio investment II Fill in the blanks with proper English terms 1 Merchandise exports 2 Service exports and imports 3 Merchandise imports 4 International trade 5 Direct investment FDI 6 Portfolio investment III Choose a suitable word for each of the blanks in the following paragraph trade liberalization facilitate competition increasingly V P10 Translate the following paragraph into Chinese 一个国家出现贸易盈余或贸易顺差 是指该国当前进口货物和服务的价值小于出口货物一个国家出现贸易盈余或贸易顺差 是指该国当前进口货物和服务的价值小于出口货物 和服务的价值 在重商主义时期 这一差值通过转移黄金弥补 但是在今天是通过持有贸易和服务的价值 在重商主义时期 这一差值通过转移黄金弥补 但是在今天是通过持有贸易 赤字国家的货币或以该国货币表示的投资来弥补 实质上 盈余国家在给予赤字国家信贷 赤字国家的货币或以该国货币表示的投资来弥补 实质上 盈余国家在给予赤字国家信贷 如果此种信贷最终不能买回足够的货物和服务 所谓的贸易顺差结果实际上可能对盈余国家如果此种信贷最终不能买回足够的货物和服务 所谓的贸易顺差结果实际上可能对盈余国家 不利 不利 I Give the Chinese equivalents for the following English terms 1 绝对优势理论绝对优势理论 2 比较优势理论 比较优势理论 3 国际劳动分工 国际劳动分工 4 要素禀赋理论要素禀赋理论 5 土地密 土地密 集型产品集型产品 6 劳动密集型产品 劳动密集型产品 7 资本密集新产品 资本密集新产品 8 获得优势 获得优势 9 天然优势 天然优势 10 文 文 化要素差异化要素差异 II p18 19 Translate the following sentences into Chinese according to the patterns 1 即使即使所有产品都具有绝对优势所有产品都具有绝对优势的国家 因其的国家 因其必须放弃产出效率低的产品转而生产产出效率必须放弃产出效率低的产品转而生产产出效率 高的产品高的产品 也会从 也会从贸易中获益贸易中获益 2 尽管美国产茶与产麦均有尽管美国产茶与产麦均有绝对优势 可它只在麦子生产上具有相对优势绝对优势 可它只在麦子生产上具有相对优势 因其产麦的优势 因其产麦的优势 较其产茶的较其产茶的优势更大优势更大 3 要素禀赋要素禀赋理论认为 较丰富理论认为 较丰富的生产要素比相对稀缺的要素更加廉价的生产要素比相对稀缺的要素更加廉价 4 为了为了做好国际贸易做好国际贸易 公司经理除 公司经理除需要掌握业务经营知识需要掌握业务经营知识 还需要 还需要掌握基本的社会科学知识掌握基本的社会科学知识 Unit Two I p27 Find out the whole forms of the following short forms MTO Multilateral Trading GSP Generalized System of Preference UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development WTO World Trade Organization MFN Most Favored Nation LDC less developed countries GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade EC European Community II Fill in the blanks with proper words 1 policies discourage 2 government 3 117 36 24 4 negotiations to trade 5 free would accept permit I p35 36 Identify in the text the English equivalents for the following prohibitive tariff value added tax regulatory tariff ad valorem tariff protective tariff dutiable price retaliatory tariff retail price countervailing tariff wholesale price punitive tax license Special Drawing Right clandestine revenue tariff non tariff barriers government procurement coordination infant industry customs valuation II p36 Translate the following into Chinese 大多数国家目前就估价的程序达成了一致 海关官员首先必须采用发票金额 若没有发大多数国家目前就估价的程序达成了一致 海关官员首先必须采用发票金额 若没有发 票金额或其真实性可疑的情况下 必须以同类商品价值为基础估价 若找不到同类商品 就票金额或其真实性可疑的情况下 必须以同类商品价值为基础估价 若找不到同类商品 就 必须以基本同时期进海关的相似产品为基础进行估价 必须以基本同时期进海关的相似产品为基础进行估价 III Complete the following sentences 1 the customs import export goods 2 Tariff or duty under 3 dumping levying anti dumping tariff 4 duty value 5 increasing imported gain IV Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions of on with from with for to at by at I p44 Find in the text the English equivalents for the following foreign currency retention tariff exemption preferential condition monitor export credit certificate direct consignment Generalized System of Preference tariff union preference giving country economic union preference receiving country common market signatory nation principle of the place of origin tariff region free trade zone regional economic integration international financial market National Commercial Inspection Bureau and its subordinates II p44 45 Translate the following into Chinese 进出口数量限制最常见的形式是配额 制度 进出口数量限制最常见的形式是配额 制度 从进口角度讲 配额频频使用的目的是 从进口角度讲 配额频频使用的目的是 为了限制某一特定年份所允许进口产品的数量 这一数量常常反映出国内生产厂商在特定年为了限制某一特定年份所允许进口产品的数量 这一数量常常反映出国内生产厂商在特定年 份拥有国内市场中一定份额的保障 额度 份拥有国内市场中一定份额的保障 额度 很多年来 美国进口糖配额使美国 国内 糖业 很多年来 美国进口糖配额使美国 国内 糖业 生产厂商占据了近一半国内市场 生产厂商占据了近一半国内市场 III P45 Find a suitable term to fill in each of the following blanks 1 Economic Union 2 A free trade zone 3 the average tax refunding 4 total tariff exemption 5 Form A 6 GSP 7 encourage export production 8 justifiable Unit Three I p51 Give the Chinese equivalents for the following English terms 1 固有固有 内在属性内在属性 2 光泽 款式 结构光泽 款式 结构 3 适销性适销性 4 社会属性社会属性 5 适用性适用性 6 耐用性耐用性 7 卫生卫生 8 以消毒以消毒 杀菌杀菌 II Translate the following paying attention to the underlined terms 1 Not only should we take into consideration the intrinsic quality and outer form or shape but also individual consumer tastes 2 To strengthen the competitiveness of China s export commodities we must improve their quality 3 日本质量管理方法称为日本质量管理方法称为 全面质量管理全面质量管理 TQM 是日本公司为达到质量要求所遵循的程序 是日本公司为达到质量要求所遵循的程序 4 竞争力战略应优先考虑以下四方面 效率竞争力战略应优先考虑以下四方面 效率 成本 可靠性 质量和灵活性 成本 可靠性 质量和灵活性 5 在日本 质量是指在日本 质量是指 产品上乘 顾客不会想到转向其它卖家产品上乘 顾客不会想到转向其它卖家 III Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions to in in of by on in without I p55 Give the Chinese equivalents and explain them in simple English 1 检验销售检验销售 2 代表性样品代表性样品 3 参考样品参考样品 4 复样复样 5 产权产权 6 技术资源技术资源 7 对等样品对等样品 8 商检商检 II P60 Translate the following into Chinese 规格规格 修改修订修改修订 维修维修 保养保养 保质期保质期 质保期质保期 精选精选 水产品水产品 补充补充 仲裁仲裁 示意图示意图 图纸图纸 消费消费 安装安装 相关部门相关部门 奢侈食品奢侈食品 跨国公司跨国公司 III Put the following into English quality first quality reliable products customer first quality inspection system quality indicator superior quality correspond with samples not the same as the sample intangible assets famous brand products strong and pliable booklet manual IV Find a proper word for each blank select location largest northern conscious terms attract fast afford earnings I p64 Give the Chinese equivalents to the following English terms 1 允许误差允许误差 2 质量公差 质量公差 3 可变范围 可变范围 4 灵活性 灵活性 5 鸭绒含量 鸭绒含量 II Translate the following sentences into Chinese according to the hints 1 某些部件是某些部件是定制的定制的 需要 需要买卖买卖双方的双方的工程技术人员工程技术人员多次谈判多次谈判才能确立正确的规格才能确立正确的规格 2 一些优等蔬菜 水果一些优等蔬菜 水果在消费品市场上打开了在消费品市场上打开了销路销路 3 汽车旅馆是服务汽车旅馆是服务周到周到的范例 可视为一种不同的的范例 可视为一种不同的消费产品消费产品 一些 一些疲劳的驾驶者疲劳的驾驶者总是满意于总是满意于 入住的入住的第一家汽车旅馆第一家汽车旅馆 图的是 图的是方便方便 Unit Four I P71 Here given in the following are short forms for some units of measure and weight Please give the complete form of each t ton oz ounce lb pound mi mile yd yard gal gallon km kilometer kg kilogram g gram sq m square metre bu bushel l litre II p72 Fill in the blanks with proper propositions in the following paragraphs in by by by in in in for in of in in of on of for I p76 Find in the text the English equivalents for the following gross weight price fluctuation net weight computed tare conditioned weight unit weight moisture content customary tare net net weight theoretical weight real tare more or less clause average tare uniform customs and practice UCP for documentary credit legal weight II Find English expressions of the underlined parts in the following Related laws in Britain stipulate that if the seller delivers a quantity of goods less than agreed the buyer may reject the delivery If the seller delivers a quantity greater than that called for in the contract the buyer may only accept the agreed quantity but reject the excess portion or reject the entire delivery However United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods CISG stipulates that the buyer may take delivery or refuse to take delivery of part or whole of the excess quantity but in the case of under delivery the seller may make up any deficiency in the quantity of the goods delivered before the date for delivery provided that the exercise of this right does not cause the buyer unreasonable inconvenience or unreasonable expanse III Translate the following sentences into Chinse 1 日本二战前主要出口生丝 绿茶 棉织物 陶瓷品和玩具等 但是战后日本重工业的日本二战前主要出口生丝 绿茶 棉织物 陶瓷品和玩具等 但是战后日本重工业的 发展给出口结构带来了巨大变化 轿车 钢铁和船舶等的出口货值相当庞大 发展给出口结构带来了巨大变化 轿车 钢铁和船舶等的出口货值相当庞大 2 虽然最近估计的中国外债和之前估计相比少得多 但是中国确实还将大举借债为现代虽然最近估计的中国外债和之前估计相比少得多 但是中国确实还将大举借债为现代 化融资 化融资 3 降价的确吸引顾客 所以营销人员经常利用临时性降价来加速把新产品打入市场 降价的确吸引顾客 所以营销人员经常利用临时性降价来加速把新产品打入市场 4 广告的首要任务是引起注意 若达不到这一效果 有多少人看到或听到广告都没有用广告的首要任务是引起注意 若达不到这一效果 有多少人看到或听到广告都没有用 处 处 5 销售代表可能整个周末都在思考和计划如何做好下周一半小时的产品推介会 销售代表可能整个周末都在思考和计划如何做好下周一半小时的产品推介会 Unit Five I p83 Translate the following into Chinese 裸装货裸装货 单体运输包装单体运输包装 散装货散装货 集合运输包装集合运输包装 包装货包装货 运输包装运输包装 坛子坛子 集装袋集装袋 软包装软包装 箱箱 麻袋麻袋 柳条柳条 板箱板箱 捆捆 托盘托盘 货盘货盘 包包 转运区域转运区域 桶桶 桶桶 铁罐铁罐 IV p85 Put the following into English glass container fluid material fresh or live goods air circulation packing material oversized overweighted stipulate explicitly that I p86 Find in the text the English equivalents to the following terms consuming consumer taste gift packing prettify products commodities portable packing national customs transparent packing creative design suspensible packing II P86 Translate the following sentences into English 1 In the selection of packing material and its design what should be considered is the quality and value of goods 2 High end goods should go with corresponding packing which adds to their superiority 3 Packing low end commodities with expensive material will increase cost excessively and thus affect their sales 4 However too much emphasis attached to cost effectiveness and clothing high end commodities in cheap packing material can also affect sales I p91 Give the Chinese equivalents to the following terms 模印模印 识别识别 姓名首字母姓名首字母 指示性标志指示性标志 唛头唛头 收件人收件人 收货人收货人 保险单据保险单据 发票发票 几何图形几何图形 转运转运 核实核实 确认确认 简称简称 陆路共同点陆路共同点 通用产品代码通用产品代码 尺寸尺寸 指定品牌指定品牌 腐蚀性物品腐蚀性物品 放射性物品放射性物品 易燃品易燃品 III P92 Translate the following sentences into Chinese 1 包装必须适合海运 足够结实 能耐粗暴搬运 包装必须适合海运 足够结实 能耐粗暴搬运 2 打包件需压实 内衬防水保护 在以高品质帆布包裹 外加箍带 捆包成件 打包件需压实 内衬防水保护 在以高品质帆布包裹 外加箍带 捆包成件 3 包装箱或其它外包装外形总体尺寸应保持最小 充分保护货物即可 包装箱或其它外包装外形总体尺寸应保持最小 充分保护货物即可 4 包装件的两面和上下其中一端都必须以大号普通字体用优质油墨模印出全套唛头和运包装件的两面和上下其中一端都必须以大号普通字体用优质油墨模印出全套唛头和运 输号 输号 5 所有打包件都须标注有所有打包件都须标注有 勿钩勿钩 字样 字样 Unit 6 I p102 Find in the text the English equivalents to the following export goods inspection liability FOB liner terms customs clearance FOB under tackle trimming multi modal transportation ship s rail inland waterway stowage II P102 Translate the following passage into Chinese 铁路运输时 如果货物数量达到乘车皮 卖方须以适当的方式装载车皮或装载集装箱 铁路运输时 如果货物数量达到乘车皮 卖方须以适当的方式装载车皮或装载集装箱 铁路方或代表铁路方的另一方接收已装载货车皮或已装载集装箱后 交付完成 铁路方或代表铁路方的另一方接收已装载货车皮或已装载集装箱后 交付完成 当货物数量未达到整车皮或集装箱整箱装时 卖方在铁路收货处移交了货物或将货物装当货物数量未达到整车皮或集装箱整箱装时 卖方在铁路收货处移交了货物或将货物装 入由铁路方提供的装载工具中后 交付完成 入由铁路方提供的装载工具中后 交付完成 I P108 Find in the context the English equivalents to the following terms unloading charges effect insurance CFR ex tackle CFR ex ship s hold documentary transactions liner CFR liner terms symbolic delivery II p109 Translate the following sentences into Chinese 1 订立保险合同应找保险承销商或有良好声誉的保险公司 订立保险合同应找保险承销商或有良好声誉的保险公司 2 可转让提单须包含合同货物 提单签发日期在约定装运期内 能让买方在目的地从承可转让提单须包含合同货物 提单签发日期在约定装运期内 能让买方在目的地从承 运人手中提取货物 运人手中提取货物 3 有时候在货物贸易中 货物在海运途中被买走 在这种情况下 贸易术语后要加上有时候在货物贸易中 货物在海运途中被买走 在这种情况下 贸易术语后要加上 路货路货 字样 字样 4 若按若按 CFR 和和 CIF 贸易术语成交 货物灭失或破损的风险 此时 已经由卖方转移到贸易术语成交 货物灭失或破损的风险 此时 已经由卖方转移到 了买方 了买方 5 运输合同确定有关移交货物给承运人运输过程中发运人或托运人的义务 运输合同确定有关移交货物给承运人运输过程中发运人或托运人的义务 III p109 Please complete the following sentences 1 freight is paid with C terms 2 the buyer 3 the buyer 4 the buyer 5 C Cost and Freight Cost Insurance and Freight I P117 Give the Chinese equivalents to the following English terms 边境交货边境交货 目的港船上交货目的港船上交货 目的港码头交货目的港码头交货 目的地完税交货目的地完税交货 目的地未完税交货目的地未完税交货 II Fill in the blanks with proper words 1 formalities payable 2 sufficient delivery 3 communicate referred to IV Translate the following into Chinese 1 贸易术语受贸易术语受 incoterms1990 约束 并遵照其解释 约束 并遵照其解释 2 以以 FOB 装运港船上交货 计价 含 装运港船上交货 计价 含 5 佣金 佣金 3 成本 保险费加运费纽约交货价 每打成本 保险费加运费纽约交货价 每打 20 美元美元 CIF 含佣金 含佣金 3 佣金在卖方收到 佣金在卖方收到 全部应收货款后给付 全部应收货款后给付 4 温哥华装运港船上交货价 每公吨温哥华装运港船上交货价 每公吨 1200 美元美元 FOB 含平舱理舱费 总价 含平舱理舱费 总价 1 200 000 美元 美元 5 以装运期内三个月伦敦金属交易所以装运期内三个月伦敦金属交易所 99 85 高等级锡价卖方上午均价为基础 高等级锡价卖方上午均价为基础 按纯 按纯 度 分别为 度 分别为 99 95 加加 9 00 美元美元 99 90 加加 5 00 美元美元 99 85 减减 3 00 美元美元 5 合同订立后不得调整价格 合同订立后不得调整价格 IV Judge whether the following price terms are correct or not If not why 1 错误 未明确货币 改为 错误 未明确货币 改为 US 3 50 2 错误 未明确货币 改为 错误 未明确货币 改为 Sterling 300 3 错误 未明确重量单位 改为 错误 未明确重量单位 改为 per m t 4 错误 未明确贸易术语 改为 错误 未明确贸易术语 改为 FF 650 per dozen CIF Marseille less than 1 discount 5 正确 正确 V Translate the following sentences into English using the terms given 1 When the contract enters into force the price clause herein shall bind upon both parties no matter whether the exchange rate fluctuates or not 2 When the contract is signed any change in freight and additional import tax should be covered by the buyer 3 In case cost of raw material changes before delivery the buyer is entitled to adjust the price 4 Calculation of commission and discount is usually based on the invoice value of goods Unit Seven I P129 Fill in the blanks with proper words from the text above 1 contracted physical 2 Symbolic transfer 3 upon before expires claims 4 cigarette leaves get damp 5 CPT departure 6 unload of before first 7 boat deliver 8 name of the country same II Translate the following into English 1 Shipment shall be made 30 days after the receipt of L C which shall reach the seller not later than the stipulated date 2 Shipment from Dalian to Tokyo with transshipment and partial shipment prohibited 3 The seller shall notify the buyer by telegram specifying shipping quantity invoice value name of the vessel loading port and expected date of departure so that the buyer can effect insurance III Please write out the technical Chinese versions of the following sentences 1 目的港 安特卫普 阿姆斯特丹 汉堡 买方任选 目的港 安特卫普 阿姆斯特丹 汉堡 买方任选 2 买方须于船只预定抵达第一个卸货港五天前通告承运人确定的目的港并承担由此买方须于船只预定抵达第一个卸货港五天前通告承运人确定的目的港并承担由此 产生的择港费用 产生的择港费用 3 承运人在运输全程中负责货物运输的安全 承运人在运输全程中负责货物运输的安全 4 货物装运后 并且卖方已获得必需单据 我们可以说卖方按照象征性交货已完成货物装运后 并且卖方已获得必需单据 我们可以说卖方按照象征性交货已完成 交货任务 交货任务 I p137 Find in the text the equivalence for the following terms oil tanker voyage charter lighter aboard ship time charter roll on roll off ship demise charter sailing schedule charter party weight ton charged by ad valerom measurement ton bunker adjustment factor demurrage liner s freight tariff dispatch money stowing and trimming currency adjustment factor transshipment surcharge port congestion surcharge loading and unloading II Judge whether the following statements are true or false 1 F 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 F 6 T III Translate the following sentences into Chinese 1 班轮运费包含装卸费用 班轮运费包含装卸费用 2 不止一种运输方式可供选择时 我们应考虑选用合适的运输方式 不止一种运输方式可供选择时 我们应考虑选用合适的运输方式 3 班轮公司通常将其船期表刊登在报纸上或分发给托运人 发货人 班轮公司通常将其船期表刊登在报纸上或分发给托运人 发货人 4 租船按定期和租船按定期和 或定程租用 或定程租用 5 光船租赁中 船主只租给租船人船只 租船人自行招募船员 光船租赁中 船主只租给租船人船只 租船人自行招募船员 I P141 Find in the text the equivalents to the following terms pilferage flat rack container parcel reefer container settle the payment steel container air waybill dry cargo container facilitate livestock container less than container load container yard container load plan collapsible container full container load container freight station dock receipt containerized combined transport receipt II Explain the following terms in your own words of English Small size different modes of transport container for unpacked goods container in which garments are hanging a yard where containers are stored III Translate the following into Chinese 1 集装箱费用有多种 其中有各项附加费用 在基本费率和附加费率的基础上进一步集装箱费用有多种 其中有各项附加费用 在基本费率和附加费率的基础上进一步 计算得出集装箱运费 计算得出集装箱运费 2 集装箱运费率是按特定的运费率对一个集装箱所装货物所收取的费用 集装箱运费率是按特定的运费率对一个集装箱所装货物所收取的费用 3 某些集装箱承运人对班轮运价表里货物等级低于某些集装箱承运人对班轮运价表里货物等级低于 8 级的货物以级的货物以 8 级运费率收取运费 级运费率收取运费 4 在支付铁路或空运的货物款项时 银行结算货款时通常需要信用证 在支付铁路或空运的货物款项时 银行结算货款时通常需要信用证 III Find another word to explain the italicized word in each expression 1 theft 2 realize 3 loading 4 make 5 foldable I P150 Find in the text the English equivalents to the following terms air waybill direct B L received for shipment B L transshipment B L negotiable freight to collect blank endorsement original short form B L consignee through B L shipper consignor groupage B L long form B L order B L on board B L clean B L combined transport B L special endorsement multi modal transport documents II omit III Put the following into English 1 The clauses printed on the back of a B L stipulate the rights obligations and exemptions of the carrier and the consignor 2 The B Ls issued by shipping companies generally stipulate that the B L be governed by the law of the carrier s country 3 Since the carrier includes both the ship owner and the charterer the name of the country whose laws and regulations apply is generally specified when a B L is issued IV Replace the italicized words with suitable terms from the text above 1 rate 2 liabilities obligations consignor 3 consignee duplicates 4 vessel 5 discharge port Unit 8 I P159 Find in the text the English equivalents to the following terms insured general average insured amount salvage charges extraneous risks insurance policy constructive total loss perils of the sea sue and labor charges fortuitous accidents insurer particular average premium loss evaluation charges II Judge whether the following statements are true or false 1 T 2 F 3 F 4 T 5 T 6 T 7 F III Put the following into English 1 Goods for marine transport should generally be put into the ship s hold 2 Insurance companies do not insure goods that should have been put in the ship s hold but are actually placed on deck 3 When goods are insured according to clauses intended for goods in the ship s hold but actually placed on deck the insurance company is not liable to compensate for the losses incurred 4 Some goods that are so bulky to be placed in the ship s hold or so toxic as to be placed on deck only may be insured with the permission of the insurer 5 On deck risk covers only the risk of goods dropping into the sea and does not cover the risks of rain damage or sea water damping I p168 Put the following into Chinese 1 海上货物运输险海上货物运输险 2 战争险 战争险 3 基本险承保范围 基本险承保范围 4