高中英语 Unit18 Beauty短语.典句.考点 北师大版选修6

1 短语短语 典句典句 考点考点 1 1 diedie outout 完全消失 灭绝完全消失 灭绝 经典例句经典例句 That custom dieddied outout years ago 那种风俗许多前就消失了 Millions of years ago dinosaurs dieddied out out 数百万前 恐龙灭绝了 数百万前 恐龙灭绝了 考点聚焦考点聚焦 1 作 完全消失 讲时 常指习惯 声音 烟雾等消失 例如 Many old customs have died out 许多旧的风俗已不复存在 2 作 灭绝 讲时 常指稀奇动植物灭绝 With the forest being cut off more and more rare animals and plants are dying out 随着森林的被砍伐 越来越多的稀有动植物正在濒临灭绝 3 由 die 构成的其他短语 be dying for 口语 渴望 很想 die away 逐渐停止 逐渐消失 die back 植物枝叶枯萎 die down 逐渐减弱 逐渐模糊 die hard 旧习惯等难改掉 难消失 2 辨析 die of 和 die from 的用法 die of 指死于疾病 衰老 饥饿等 die from 则指由于外伤或不注意的原因而死亡 但 from 常以 of 代替 活学活用活学活用 词语替换 1 Tribes and tribal customs went away centuries ago 2 I am eager for a box of chocolates 3 Rabbits were dying one after another in that county 4 The tribes and tribal customs disappeared centuries ago 5 After the excitement of the audience became weak the speaker restarted his speech 答案 1 died out 2 dying for 3 dying off 4 died out 5 died down 课文句子和翻译 1 1 InIn 1878 1878 whenwhen MargaretMargaret WolfeWolfe HungerfordHungerford wrotewrote beauty beauty isis inin thethe eyeeye ofof thethe beholderbeholder sheshe waswas statingstating thatthat therethere waswas nono consistentconsistent viewview onon beauty beauty 18791879 玛格丽特沃尔夫撰写 玛格丽特沃尔夫撰写 情人眼里出西施情人眼里出西施 时 她声称 关于时 她声称 关于 美美 没有始终如一 没有始终如一 的观点 的观点 剖析剖析 1 这是一个主从复合句 when 引导一个时间状语从句 Margaret Wolfe Hungerford wrote beauty is in the eye of the beholder she was stating 是主句 that 引导一个宾语从句 there was no consistent view on beauty 2 There was no consistent view on sth 在某方面没有统一的标准 拓展拓展 过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作 有下面三种情况 1 主要用来描述一件事发生的背景 当从句是一个长动作 用一般过去时态时 主句是一个短动作 用过去进行时态 本句属于此类 2 在过去某个时间点发生的动作 时间点可以用介词短语 副词或从句来表示 2 常用的时间状语有 this morning the whole morning all day yesterday last evening when while 等 如 Mary was making a dress when she cut her finger 玛丽在做衣服时 割着手指了 When I saw him he was decorating his room 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰 房间 3 在复合句中 如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的 那么主从句 的动词都可用过去进行时 例如 While he was waiting for the bus he was reading a newspaper 他边等车边看报 2 Traditions and fashions like society itself change and adapt with time so it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well 传统和时尚如同社会本身 与时俱进传统和时尚如同社会本身 与时俱进 因此 外面的审美观点也在改变 因此 外面的审美观点也在改变 剖析剖析 1 这是一个由 so 连接的并列复合句 第一个并列句是 Traditions and fashions like society itself change and adapt with time 第二个并列句是 it is reasonable 其中 it 是形式主语 真正的主语是 that our ideas of beauty change as well 2 Sth change and adapt with time 与时俱进 拓展拓展 it 常常在下面的句型中作形式主语 真正的主语是 that 引导的从句 It is reasonable clear strange obvious true possible certain that 常译为 那是有理由的 清楚 奇怪的 显然的 真的 可能的 肯定的 It 也可以用作形式宾语 真正的宾语由 that 引导的宾语从句担当 例如 I think it reasonable clear strange obvious true possible certain that I think it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well 此句型也可改为 I think it reasonable that 其中 reasonable 作宾语 it 的 补足语 如 I think it reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well 3 3 InIn 1919th th century century Europe Europe womenwomen usedused toto wearwear corsetscorsets toto achieveachieve a a bodybody shapeshape thatthat isis nono longerlonger consideredconsidered healthy healthy 十九世纪的欧洲 妇女们身着紧身衣以塑身 而今这早已被认为是不健康的 十九世纪的欧洲 妇女们身着紧身衣以塑身 而今这早已被认为是不健康的 剖析剖析 这是一个主从复合句 women used to wear corsets 是主句 that is no longer considered healthy 是一个限制性定语从句 修饰 a body shape healthy 是形 容词作主语的补足语 拓展拓展 1 主语补足语和宾语补足语可以互换 主动语态的宾语补足语在被动语态中 改 为主语补足语 We consider him humorous He is considered humorous 我们认为他很幽默 2 used 常常有下面的三种句型 Sb used to do 表示某人过去习惯性的动作或状态 但如今已不存在 Sb be used to doing 某人对 已感到习惯 或 习惯于 to 是介词 后需 加名词或动名词 Sth is used to do sth 某物被用来做成另一种东西 3 4 4 InIn thethe past past somesome culturescultures usedused tattoostattoos asas anan additionaddition toto costumes costumes toto showshow familyfamily associationsassociations oror toto markmark criminalscriminals soso thatthat theythey couldcould easilyeasily bebe recognized recognized 过去 一些文化把纹身当作一种装束的附属物 用来展示家庭关系或是用来给罪犯打上印过去 一些文化把纹身当作一种装束的附属物 用来展示家庭关系或是用来给罪犯打上印 记 以易于分辨 记 以易于分辨 剖析剖析 1 这是一个主从复合句 some cultures used tattoos as an addition to costumes 是主句 so that 引导一个状语从句 含有情态动词 称为目的状语 从句 如 Now in the streets many girls are wearing corsets so that they can look slim 现在 在大街上 很多的女孩穿着紧身衣服 为的是看起 来苗条 2 use as 用 当作 如 In ancient times animal s skin was often used as shawls 在古代 动物的毛皮常常当作披肩 拓展拓展 an addition 表示 一个附加的人和物 常和介词 to 连用 如 Our baby brother is an addition to our family 新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人 下面是 addition 的常用短语 have an addition to the family 添人口 in addition 加上 另外 常作状语 with the addition of 增加 in addiction 常与 to 连用 表示 除了 之外 如 In addition to gene intelligence also depends on an adequate diet a good education and a decent home environment 除了遗传基因外 智力的高低还取决于良好的营养 良 好的教育和良好的家庭环境 5 5 InIn otherother cultures cultures lookinglooking thinthin forfor a a husband to behusband to be isis notnot whatwhat a a womanwoman desiresdesires atat allall rather rather lookinglooking a a littlelittle overweightoverweight isis consideredconsidered moremore attractive attractive 在其他文化中 女人根本不想在未来丈夫眼中显得苗条 在其他文化中 女人根本不想在未来丈夫眼中显得苗条 而身材稍微丰满 圆润才更加迷而身材稍微丰满 圆润才更加迷 人 人 剖析剖析 1 这是一个主从复合句 looking thin for a husband to be is not 是主句 what 引导一个名词性从句作表语 称为表语从句 looking thin 是动名词作主 语表示一件事情 2 破折号起到解释作用 相当于一个并列连词 while rather 副词 意为 相反地 倒不如说 更 3 looking a little overweight is considered more attractive 动名词 looking a little overweight 是主语 本句用了被动语态 形容词 attractive 作主语的补足语 4 此处的两个 look 都是连系动词 意为 看起来 其后接形容词 拓展拓展 4 1 what 引导名词性从句表示 人或事物 构成主语从句 宾语从句 表语从 句和同位语从句 如 The question what makes the matter worse has been puzzling me 情 况更糟的问题一直在困惑着我 同位语从句 The teacher told us he wanted to take back what he had said 老师告诉 我们他想收回他说过的话 宾语从句 She is no longer what she used to be 她不是过去的她了 表语从句 2 what 在名词性从句中作主语 宾语 表语或定语 如 Please tell me what you are doing here on earth 请告诉我你究竟在这里 干什么 what 在从句中作宾语 表示 什么事情 It is the ability to do the job not what she is that matters 重要的 是 她 做这项工作的能力 而不是她是什么人 what 在从句中作表语 表 示 什么情况 Are you sure what books he likes reading 你知道他喜欢读什么书吗 what 在从句中作定语 表示 什么样的 6 With the influence of history society and culture there are no precise criteria which can be used to judge what is beautiful 受社会 时代和文化的影响 没有一定的标准来衡量美 受社会 时代和文化的影响 没有一定的标准来衡量美 剖析剖析 1 这是一个主从复合句 there are no precise criteria 是主句 which can be used to judge 是一个限制性定语从句 修饰 criteria what is beautiful 是 judge 的宾语从句 2 with 加名词 构成介词短语 表示伴随意义 作伴随状语 拓展拓展 judge 及物动词 意为 判断 常构成下面的短语 judge by from appearances 由外观上判断 judge from the fact 由事实上推测 judge between right and wrong 判断是非 so far as I can judge 据我判断 我认为 judging by from 根据 来判断 Don t judge by appearances 人不可以貌相 如 We can t judge what he really meant by doing so till we know all he did 我们只有了解了全部情况后 才能对他这样做的真实意图作出判断 7 7 TheThe humanhuman racerace wouldwould soonsoon diedie outout ifif wewe couldcould onlyonly seesee beautybeauty withinwithin a a setset ofof limitedlimited criteria criteria 假若我们用一套有限的标准来看待美 人类不久将灭绝 假若我们用一套有限的标准来看待美 人类不久将灭绝 剖析剖析 这是一个主从复合句 The human race would soon die out 是主句 if 引导一 个条件状语从句 we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria 本句是一个虚拟语气句 表示与现在情况有关的假设 5 拓展拓展 if 引导虚拟语气 当表示将来不太可能实现的愿望或表示与将来事实有可能相 反时 从句中的谓语动词有三种形式 动词的过去式 should 动词原形 were to 动词原形 虚拟条件句谓语形式主句谓语形式 动词过去式 were should were to 动词原形 should would could might 动词原形 如 If I should cut down my weight by eating little in a month I would prefer to only drink water 如果通过少吃在一个月内能够减肥 我宁愿只喝水 If it were Sunday tomorrow we wouldn t have an exam 如果明天星期天 我们就不用考试了 事实是明天不是星期天 If you were to visit the school you would see me 如果你去那所学校参观 你就可以看见我 If I were to do it I would do it in a different way 如果我还会做这件事 我一定用不同的方法 If I were in school again I would work harder 如果还有机会去上学 我一定更加好好学习 8 We are influenced by our culture our biology and our time in history to notice physical beauty quickly and easily but it is inner beauty that requires us to truly see 受文化 社会和历史时期的制约 我们能够快速地 轻而易举的判定外在的美 但是 内受文化 社会和历史时期的制约 我们能够快速地 轻而易举的判定外在的美 但是 内 在美才真正需要我们去观察和领悟 在美才真正需要我们去观察和领悟 剖析剖析 这是一个由 but 连接的并列复合句 第一个并列句是 We are influenced 第二 个并列句是 it is inner beauty that requires us to truly see 同时又是一 个强调句 强调了 inner beauty 改为陈述句为 inner beauty requires us to truly see 拓展拓展 强调句型是 It is was 强调部分 that who 剩余部分 强调句的作用是 加强语气 把 It is was that 省略后 整体意义不受影响 如 My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening 强调主语 It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening 在中 常常利用特殊疑问形式考查强调句 如 Who is it