高中英语 Unit 8 lesson3《Adventure》Marco Polo学案4 北师大版必修3

1 UnitUnit 8 8 AdventureAdventure LessonLesson 3 3 MarcoMarco PoloPolo 学案学案 语法归纳 1 State or activity verbs 在英语动词当中 有些动词表示动作 我们把它们称之为 activity verb 有些动词表示状态 我们把这类动词 叫做 state verb 第一类动词可用作一般现在时和现在进行时 而第二类动词多用于一般现在时 而不用于 进行时态 He gets up at six every morning 他每天早晨六点钟起床 动作 He is getting up now 他现在正在起床 动作 It seems that yu are right 似乎你是对的 状态 有些动词既可用作表示动作 也可用作表示状态 但在意义有区别 He has two elder brothers and a younger sister 他有两个哥哥和一个妹妹 状态 He is having his breakafast 他在吃早饭 动作 They are holding a meeting 他们在开会 动作 The can holds two gallons 这个桶能装两加仑 状态 She is holding a large box 她提着一只大箱子 动作 I still hold that his idea is wrong 我仍然认为他的观点是错的 状态 People are lying on the beach 人们躺在海滩上 The city lies on the coast 这座城市位于海岸边 常用表示状态的动词有 mean seem concern hate dislike detest 厌恶 憎恨 surprise major 主修 cintains hold matter depend resemble 象 类似 guess suppose imagine own belong to deserve 应 受 值得 admire adore 崇拜 爱慕 appear be believe belong consist desire 期望 希望 despair doubt envy exist feel fit forget have hear hope impress 留下印象 include involve 包括 使陷于 keep know lack last like love need owe 感激 把 归功于 please possess9 拥有 prefer prove realize recognize remember require satisfy 满足 seat see smell sound suspect 怀疑 猜想 think understand wish etc What do you mean 你是什么意思 This concerns everyone of us 这关系到我们每个人 We hate such people 我们讨厌这样的人 2 All this surprises me 这一切使我吃惊 She majors in English 她主修英语 The box contains a necklace 盒子里有一条项链 Your age doesn t matter 你的年龄没有关系 It depends on the weather 这要看天气如何 Jim resembles his sister 吉姆长得像他姐姐 I guess that s the only solution 我想这是唯一的解决办法 We own the house 这是我们的房子 This book belongs to me 这本书是我的 I don t deserve the honor 我不配得到这个荣誉 有一些动词表示一个极为短暂的动作 也可用于一般现在时 I declare this exhibition open 我宣布展览会开幕 It s a lovely place I agree 这是一个招人喜欢的地方 我同意 The Bible says love of money is the root of all evil 圣经说爱财是万恶之源 I advise you to withdraw 我劝你退出 I promise you that I will be there 我答应你我会去 This I admit is my favorite activity 这个我承认是我最喜欢的活动 With this letter I enclose a photograph 随信附上一张照片 I flatly refuse to do what you say 我断然拒绝做你说的事 I regret my ignorance on the subject 对这个问题无知我感到遗憾 有少数表示极为短暂的动作动词 可用于进行时态 表示反复做某个动作或 即将 He is jumping up and down 他上下地跳着 John is nodding his head 约翰频频点头 Why is she blinking her eyes 她为什么老眨眼睛 The train is arriving 火车即将到达 The Boeing 747 is taking off 那架波音 747 即将起飞 The old man is dying 老人生命垂危 动词 be 有时用于进行时态 表示一时的表现 I m being serious 我是说正经的 I know I m being selfish 我知道我这样做是自私的 3 H is being terribly friendly to us 他对我们表现得友好之极 2 Relative clauses III Defining and non defining clauses 定语从句主要用来修饰它前面的先行词 名词或代词 的从句 所以又称形容词从句 根据与先行词的关 系 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对所修饰词的意思加以限制 表示 的人 事物 非限制性定语从句对所修辞没有限制意义的作用 而只补充一点情况 与主句关系 不紧密 把它们拿掉 主句照样成立 它们和所修饰的名词之间常加一个逗号 译成汉语时另起一个句子 仿佛是并列句 定语从句主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词 介词 引导词以及非限制性定语 从句 具体考点如下 考点一 引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词 who whom which that whose as 和关系副词 when where why 等 但是当下列情况出现时 对引导词有特殊要求 1 当先行词是 all everything nothing something little much 时 当先行词 被 all no some any every a few a little much only very 修饰时 当先 行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 定语从句的引导词用 that 例 All that you want are here 你需要的全在这儿 There is no person that doesn t make mistakes 没有人不犯错误 This is the best film that I have ever seen 这是我看过得最好一部电影 2 the same as such as 中的 as 可以指人或物 例 Such furniture as is very popular is expensive 像那样的流行家具很贵 We have successfully done the same experiment as you did 我们和你们一样成功 地做了这个试验 3 why 引导表示原因的定语从句 其先行词一般是 reason 当主句主语是 reason 时 作主句表语的成分不能有 because 和 because of 其结构一般为 the reason why is that 或者 the reason that is that 如 He did not tell us the reason why he was late again 他没告诉我们他又迟到的 原因 The reason why that he didn t come is that he was ill 他没来的原因是他病了 4 当定语从句为 there be 句型时 关系代词只能用 that This is the fastest train that there is to Beijing 这是开往北京的特快列车 4 5 当主句是以 which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时 关系代词只能用 that Who is the girl that is talking with Mr Brown 和布朗先生谈话的那个女孩是谁 6 如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词 并同时兼指人和物时 关系代词用 that We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited 我们在 谈论我们参观的国家和拜访的人 考点二 在 介词 which whom 的结构中 介词的选择取决于三种情况 1 定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配 This is the college in which I am studying 这就是我在学习的大学 He is the man about whom we are talking 他就是我们在谈论的人 2 先行词与介词的习惯搭配 当先行词表示 领域 方面 时 如 aspect respect area field 等 用 in which 当先行词表示 价格 利率 速度 时 如 rate price speed 等 用 at which 当先行词表示 程度 时 如 degree extent 等 用 to which 当先行词表示 根据 依据 基础 时 如 grounds foundation basis 等 用 on which The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter 仪表上显示出这台机器的运转的速度 It is useful to be able to predict the extent to which a price change will affect supply and demand 能够预测 价格如何影响供需是很有用的 3 当定语从句为最高级时只能用 of which 否则用其他介词 I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best 我有五部字典 朗曼是最好的 I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK 我有五部字典 朗曼是在英国出版的字典之一 注意 不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前 如 put up with 有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配 此时需要根 据上下文来确定 如 be familiar with to compare with to 考点三 当先行词为表示时间的名词 如 time day year week month occasion 或地点的名词 如 place room city country 时 一般用关 系副词 when 和 where 分别相当于 in which at which on which 但是当这些表示时间或地点的名词作从句 的宾语时 则要用关系代词 that 或 which I can t forget the days when in which I lived with you 我不能忘记和你在一起居住的日子 Can you tell me the day when on which the first satellite was sent into space 你能告诉我第一颗人造卫星是 5 什么时候上天的 China is the only country where in which wild pandas can be found 中国是唯一能发现大熊猫的地方 I ll never forget the village where I spent my childhood 我将永远不会忘记我度过童年的那个村庄 I will never forget the days that which I spent in Beijing University 我将永远不会忘记我在北大度过的日子 本句 days 作 spend 的宾语 故用关系代词 that which I have never been to Beijing but it s the place that I most want to visit 我没去过北京 但是它是我最向往的地 方 本句 place 作 visit 的宾语 考点四 非限定性定语从句不能用 that 引导 一般用引导词 which as 或 who whom 指人 非限定性定语 从句既可以修饰主句的部分内容 也可修饰主句的全部内容 as 引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句 之前 也可以放在主句之后 但 which 或 who 引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句前面 若主句与从句 内容上不一致 或从句对主句内容起反对 排斥 否定等作用时 多用 which 而 as 只能用于主句和从句内 容一致时 She has married again as was expected 她又结婚了 这是大家意料中的事 She has married again which was unexpected 她又结婚了 真没想到 As we all know the moon is a satellite of the earth 我们都知道 月球是地球的卫星 The large area is covered with thick snow which affects people s life greatly 大面积的地方有积雪 这样给人们 的生活带来极大的不便 His speech which bored us to death was over at last 他的讲话终于结束了 我们对此讨厌极了 Her sister who lived in another city was coming to visit her 她的妹妹住在另一个城市 她要来看她 练习一练习一 I 单项选择 1 is often the case we have worked out the production plan A Which B When C What D As 2 Anyway that evening I ll tell you more about later I ended up staying at Rachel s place A when B where C what D which 3 There are two buildings stands nearly a hundred feet high A the larger B the large of them C the larger one that D the larger of which 4 What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it 6 A which B that C who D what 5 The English play my students acted at the New Year s party was a great success A for which B at which C in which D on which 6 I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a great chance A how B which C where D that 7 A fast restaurant is the place just as the name suggests eating is performed quickly A which B where C there D what 8 The place the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross river traffic is the heaviest A which where B at which which C at which where D which in which 9 I have many friends some are businessmen A of them B from which C who of D of whom 10 Why does she always ask you for help There is no one else is there A who to turn to B she can turn to C for whom to turn D for her to turn 11 If a shop has chairs women can park their men women will spend more time in the shop A that B which C when D where 12 Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods from effects the people are still suffering A that B whose C those D what 13 Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003 he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union A during which time B for which time C during whose time D by that time 14 Her sister has become a lawyer she wants to be A who B that C what D which 15 I don t want like I m speaking ill of anybody but the manger s plan is unfair A to sound B to be sounded C sounding D to have sounded 7 II 单句改错 1 Everything your parents have done it is good to you 2 The place where I visited yesterday is very beautiful 3 Do you have anything which you don t understand 4 This is the best TV which is made in China 5 My uncle has come back from abroad that I haven t met for a long time 6 This is the ring in which she spent 1000 dollars 7 Which we know China is a developing country 8 Such teachers who know Tom think him bright 9 The house is belonging to Dr Smith 10 He was knowing that he was wrong at that time III 翻译句子 1 我知道在地震中幸好没有一个人死亡 2 他又犯了同样的错误 这使得老师很生气 3 他的包被偷了 他把所有的钱都放在了那里 4 正如我们预料的 他准时来参加了那个聚会 5 斯密斯先生几个月前作了一个报告 他下周将再来 Answers I 单项选择 1 D 这是一道非限制性定语从句题 所缺空格为关系代词作主语 来代替后面整个句子 当定语从句位 于句首时 不用 which 2 D 这是一道非限制性定语从句题 先行词为 evening 在从句中作介词 about 的宾语 3 D 这是一道非限制性定语从句题 先行词为 two buildings 在从句中作介词 of 的宾语 4 B 名词 way 后面的定语从句通常有三种形式 即 the way that in which 8 5 C 本题考察定语从句 先行词为 the English party 在从句中作介词 in 的宾语 等于 my students acted in the English party at the New Year s party 6 C 此句中 business 应翻译成 公司 所以句意为 我在一家公司工作 在那儿差不多每个人都等待机 会 关系副词作状语 7 B 解题时 可以去掉句中的 just the name suggests 部分 因为它只是起到了插入干扰的作用 这样再 把前后连你来的时候 就会很清楚地看出来 这是一道关系副词 where 引导的定语从句 8 C 本题考察定语从句和表语从句 第一空考察定语从句 现行词 the place 在从句中作介词宾语 第二空考察表语从句 连词 where 在从句中作地点状语 本句的意思是 桥梁应修建的地方应该是在 过桥交通最繁忙的地方 9 D 本题考察定语从句 先行词 friends 在从句中作介词宾语 等于 some of the friends are businessmen 10 B 本题考察定语从句 先行词 one 在从句中动词词组 turn to 的宾语 关系代词 whom 被省略 11 D 本题考察定语从句 句子的意思是 男女一起逛商店时 如果商店能为男士提供就座的椅子 女士 就可商店里多逛一会 先行词 chair 在从句中作地点状语 12 B 本题考察定语从句 先行词为 floods 从句的意思是 人民今天仍遭受洪水带来的影响 等于 the people are still suffering its effects 从句中与 floods 有关的是 its 作定语 13 A 本题考察定语从句 该句是非限制性定语从句 先行词为 1999 to 2003 是指一段时间 使用介 词 during 从句等于 During that time he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union which time 代替 1999 to 2003 关系代词 which 限定名词 time 而不是做定语 因此 C 项是错误 的 14 D 本题考察非限制性定语从句 关系代词 which 在从句中作宾语 此句先行词为 sister 从句的意思 是 她想让她成为一个律师 She wants her sister to be a lawyer 在非限制性定于从句中 which 也 可以指人 等于 whom 15 A 本题考察动词 sound 的用法 sound 可作实意动词使用 意思为 发出声音 弄响 吹响 按响 发 出声音以表示 sound 还可以用作联系动词 意思为 听起来 联系动词没有被动形式 也不用能用进 行时态 属于状态动词 这个句子的意思是 我并不想让别人听起来我在说人的坏话 但是经理的打算不 公正 II 单句改错 1 去掉 it 2 where 改为 which that 9 3 which 改为 that 或去掉 4 which 改为 that 5 that 改为 whom 6 in 改为 on 7 Which 改为 As 8 who 改为 that 9 is belonging 改为 belongs 10 was knowing 改为 knew III 翻译句子 1 Luckily none of the people who I know were killed in the earthquake 2 He made the same mistakes again which made his parents very angry 3 Her bag in which she put all her money has been stolen 4 He as we expected came to the party on time 5 Mr Smith who gave a talk several months ago will come again next week 练习二练习二 I 单词拼写 1 The guider told all the t that they would arrived at the next camp at about 9 p m 2 Did you hear of the story The E New Clothes 3 The prisoner was brought to c for trial 4 I was a by the news of George s sudden death 5 There s a large variety of g in the shops 6 They asked me so many questions that I got c 7 Gas and coal are f 8 If we want everyone to be healthy w and happy strict birth control is quite essential 9 Like a like book 10 The teacher gave us a d of the new words yesterday 11 The man made a s to the police 12 It s good to your health drinking a small q of milk in he morning 13 This is the p who have us a talk last month 10 14 We can make shoes from the s of animals II 短语归纳 1 轮流 2 坏事 突然发生 爆发 3 关进监狱 4 坚持 某种 说法 5 和 做生意 6 了解 7 给 留下深刻的印象 8 全国 9 纸币 10 做笔录 11 最畅销的书 12 用黄金和白银砌成 13 被 所震撼 14 对 感到困惑 15 可用的 III 从下面方框里选择合适的词填空 decided China stopped took customs war while prisoners famous who trade Europe Italian sea spent travels so called coal unfortunately Marco Polo was an explorer who traveled through many parts of Asia He was born in Venice Italy in 1254 His father Nicolo Polo was a merchant He often long periods at sea away from Marco One day Nicolo to bring Marco on a trip to The ship at ports in America Russia Persia and Macedonia and it 6 years to get to China Marco was greatly surprised at Chinese and skills such as using for heating paper money noodle making and many other things when they returned to Venice many years later Genoa and Venice were at Marco joined the Venetian troops and was caught by Genoa s forces in prison Marco entertained by telling them of his One prisoner liked them much that he wrote a book about Marco s travels The Description of the World This book became after Marco s death The book influenced Christopher Columbus tried to find a different route between Asia and The book also informed people about the world beyond Europe s borders IV 单项选择 1 I think you should phone Jeanne and say sorry to her It was her fault A No way B Not possible C No chance D Not at all 2 It was autumn his wife returned from Spain A since B when C before D that 3 He set out soon after dark home an hour later A arriving B to arrive C having arrived D and arrived 4 Sorry to have interrupted you please go on Where was I You you didn t like your father s job 11 A had said B said C were saying D had been saying 5 I don t know where are my glasses I can t read anything A with which B by which C without which D in which 6 Taiwan is part of China is known to all the world A what B as C that D such 7 The reason she explained seemed reasonable A why B that C what D if 8 To my he was able to recite the whole poem from memory A amaze B amazed C amazement D amazing 9 The foreigners are by the achievements that the Chinese have made recently in socialist construction A amazing amazing B amazed amazed C amazed amazing D amazing amazed 10 The instructions on the box are very A confused B confusing C confusion D confuse 11 He was against the law and put into last month for robbery A the prison B a prison C prison D prison 12 When it stopped people got on the bus A in turn B on the turn C by turn D at every turn 13 The May Fourth Movement against imperialism and feudalism in Beijing in 1919 A broke down B broke out C broke into D broke up 14 We firmly the fundamental principles of Marxism Leninism A stand up B stand about C stand by D stand back 15 The pollutant will give off a large of heat A quantity B sum C number D lot V 翻译句子 1 马可也相应地被中国的美丽和强大所震撼 2 他回到家乡后不久 一场区域性的战争在他家乡附近爆发了 12 3 虽然人们爱读他的书 但许多人认为马可写的东西太离奇而不足信 4 但马可总是信守他所讲的每一个故事 5 他在中国参观的第一个博物馆是历史博物馆 Answers I 单词拼写 1 travellers 2 Emperor s 3 court 4 amazed 5 goods 6 confused 7 fuels 8 wealthy 9 author 10 dictation 11 statement 12 quantity 13 professor 14 skins II 短语归纳 1 in turn 2 break out 3 put into prison 4 stand by 5 do trade with 6 learn about 7 be impressed by 8 ac