高二英语现在分词人教实验版知识精讲

高二英语高二英语现在分词现在分词人教实验版人教实验版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 现在分词 The Present Participle I 现在分词的意义及构成 现在分词在句中主要起到形容词和副词的作用 可以作定语 a 表语 b 状语 c 或宾 语补足语 d a This is an interesting story b The story is very interesting c They entered the hall talking and laughing d They found the story interesting 现在分词可以有自己的状语 e 或宾语 f 有时也有单独的逻辑主语 g 独立主格结构 的一种 e We saw a boat coming slowly towards us f When I entered the room I found him writing something g Father being ill I had to stay at home to look after him 现在分词作状语时如果句中主语不是自己的逻辑主语 也可以带自己的主语 构成 独立主格结构 此外 现在分词也可以用在 with 的复合结构中表示其逻辑主语是分词动作 的发出者 如 My car being repaired I had to take a taxi Weather permitting we will go out for a picnic tomorrow 如果明天天气允许的话 我们将去野餐 独立主格结构 With a guide leading the way we found the village easily 由于有向导引路 我们轻易就找到了那个村庄 含 with 的复合结构作状语 II 现在分词一般式的语法功能 1 作表语 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质 这时通常可以看作形容词 可以用 very so 或 much 等修饰 The situation is very encouraging The news that our team had been beaten by them in the match was very surprising 我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外 The sound we heard last night was so frightening 我们昨晚听到的声音令人恐怖 注意 现在分词作表语与现在分词用于进行时态表达的意义是不同的 作表语 说明 主语具备的性质 描述的是一种状态 而与助动词 be 构成现在进行时态和过去进行时态则 强调动作正在发生 侧重对动作的描述 试比较 Mr Zhang is encouraging his students to study English thoroughly 张老师在鼓励学生们学好英语 The book is very interesting 这本书很有趣 2 作定语 1 现在分词可以单独作前置定语 Barking dogs seldom bite 2 现在分词还可以与其它词一起构成复合形容词作前置定语 hard working peasants far reaching effects earth shaking changes 3 现在分词还可以与其它词一起构成短语作后置定语 We are brothers sharing weal and woe 4 用现在分词作定语时 要注意分词所表示动作发生的时间 通常有以下两种情况 分词表示正在进行的动作 变为从句需用进行时态 Tell the children playing who are playing there not to make so much noise The rising sun looks very beautiful 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美 若被修饰词与现在分词是被动关系时 须用现在分词的被动式 being done 作定语 如 The song being broadcast is very popular with the young students 正在播放的歌曲深受青年学生的欢迎 分词表示经常性的动作或现在 当时的状态 变为从句用一般现在时或一般过去时 The factory making that makes such tools is a small one run by Tom They lived in a room facing that faced the south 5 现在分词短语还可以作非限制性定语 相当于非限制性定语从句 Our Radio Theatre lasting 150 minutes often gives live broadcasts while a performance is in process 注意 6 现在分词与动名词作定语的区别 现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系 而 动名词作定语表示作用与用途 如 Let sleeping dogs lie 别招惹麻烦 现在分词 相当于定语从句 which are sleeping I think some sleeping pills may help you 我想安眠药可以助你入睡 动名词 表示用途 相当于 pills for sleeping 3 作状语 1 伴随状语 表示与谓语同时发生的动作 相当于一个并列的谓语部分 A young man bringing his own food volunteered as a guide for us 2 原因状语 相当于一个原因状语从句 Not knowing her phone number we cannot get in touch with her Many of us being so excited could not go to sleep that night 3 时间状语 相当于一个时间状语从句 Hearing the news they all jumped with joy 这里的现在分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作 这个动作一发生 谓语动词的动作立即 发生 如果两个动作是完全同时发生的 多在分词前加 when 或 while Be careful when crossing the street 4 结果状语 常位于句子后部 Her husband died in a traffic accident leaving her with five children 4 宾语补足语 现在分词常在 see hear notice watch feel find have get keep start 等动词后作宾语补 足语 表明宾语正在进行的动作 与宾语一起构成复合宾语 We heard the children shouting upstairs I m sorry to have kept you waiting so long He tried to start the engine running When I came in I found him lying in bed 我进来时发现他躺在床上 5 插入语 Generally speaking he gets up very early Taking all things into consideration we should accept their invitation III 现在分词的完成式和被动式 1 现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中 表示这一动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生 Having been there many times he offered to be our guide 2 表示被动的动作时 若现在分词表示的动作是正在发生或与谓语动词的动作同时进行 的 就用现在分词的被动式 一般式 这种结构可以用来作 1 定语 That house being repaired is our library 2 宾语补足语 You ll find the subject being discussed everywhere 3 状语 Being protected by two policemen she felt quite safe 3 被动完成式 表示被动的且先于谓语动词而发生的动作时 用现在分词的被动完成式 此结构只能 用作状语 Having been given such a good chance how could she let it slip away IV 现在分词小结 1 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致 2 当分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不同时 分词要有自己的主语 3 结构四种 doing 主动 being done 被动 having done 主动 having been done 被动 模拟试题模拟试题 I 指出下列句子中现在分词 短语 所作的成分 1 I caught her reading a novel in class 2 An e mail has just come relieving me from anxiety 3 The food smells inviting 4 He is a promising young man 5 They were infuriated by this insulting demand 6 She ran out of the house shouting 7 Please fill in this form giving your name address etc 8 Seeing nobody at home she decided to leave them a note 9 Walking out of the room he found the boy still there 10 Having finished ironing she began to cook supper 11 He was often seen working in the fields with the peasants 12 He often watched the ships being unloaded 13 The road being built will be opened to traffic on Oct 1 14 Being asked to give a performance she couldn t very well refuse II 改正下列句子中的错误 1 Suffering from heart trouble for years Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes 2 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found to smoke in the kitchen 3 We can t go out in such weather said Bob having looked out of the window 4 Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV there are pictures to form in your mind instead of before your eyes 5 The flowers smell sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature 6 Being attacked by terrorists the tall building collapsed 7 To have waited in the queue for an hour Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home 8 The old man working abroad for twenty years is on the way back to his motherland 9 Having not completed the program they had to stay there for another two weeks 10 The storm left to have caused a lot of damage to this area III 用现在分词 短语 翻译下列句子 1 遭遇如此严重的污染 使这条河变清可能为时已晚 2 他不能来真使人懊丧 3 他从未有过如此令人愉快的旅行 4 一个尊重别人的人也将得到别人的尊重 5 有他照顾孩子们 今天晚上我们可以去听音乐会 6 他们让他等了两个小时 7 我们的工业正以惊人的速度发展 8 那个小偷看到周围没有人 就偷偷溜进院子里 9 那些女孩乘车游览了许多地方 10 由于在学校里没有学过 他努力通过自学来弄懂这些理论 试题答案试题答案 I 1 宾补2 结果状语3 表语4 定语 5 定语6 伴随状语7 伴随状语8 原因状语 9 时间状语10 时间状语11 主语补足语12 宾补 13 定语14 原因状语 II 1 suffering having suffered 2 to smoke smoking 3 having looked looking 4 to form forming 5 smell smelling 6 Being attacked Having been attacked 7 to have waited having waited 8 working having