高考英语一轮复习精品语法学案 专题11 名词性从句

1 名词性从句一直备受高考命题者的关注 近几年来的高考题主要考查在具体语境中连接词的 选择 尤其是连接词 what 和 that 的辨析 以及 whether 与 if 表示 是否 时的区别 因 此 正确区分名词性从句的类型 根据在从句中的作用和所表达的意义 确定恰当的连接词 是一轮复习的重点 此外 名词性从句和定语从句的辨析 也是高考考查的重点 一 认识各种名词性从句一 认识各种名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词 可分别作句子的主语 表语 宾语和同位语 因此 名词性从 句具体分为主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句和同位语从句 名词性从句中的连接词有连词 that whether if 连接代词 what who m which whose whatever whoever whomever whichever 连接副词 where when why how 从名词性从句在句中所起的作用来说 名词性从句是句子不可缺少的一部分 和句子的其他 成分之间也不会用逗号隔开 而定语从句和状语从句是句子中的修饰成分 去掉之后不会影 响句子主体结构的完整性 这是判断是否是名词性从句最主要的特征 如 I wonder how much these shoes cost 宾语从句 不可省去 He is the very man I look after 定语从句 修饰 the man You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean 状语从句 1 主语从句 Who will go is not important It doesn t matter so much whether you will come or not 形式主语 it 代替后面 的真正的主语从句 注意 that 引导主语从句放于句首时 不能省略 That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised 2 表语从句 2 The question was who could go there My idea is that we can get more people to help in the work That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet It looked as if it was going to rain 3 宾语从句 I hope that everything is all right 注意 1 that 在引导宾语从句时 常可省略 但如果有两个以上的宾语从句时 最后 一个从句的 that 不能省略 如 I know that he has just graduated from college and that he is looking for a job 2 如果动词宾语后又有补语 那么要使用 it 作形式宾语 然后把宾语从句放在补语之后 如 I make it known that we ll be invited to the ball 3 如果主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时 那么从句的时态要采用相应的与过去有关的 时态 但如果从句描述的是客观事实 从句时态不可调整 呼应 如 She remembered that she had left her wallet at the school gate Our teacher said that light travels faster than sound 4 同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语 一般位于该名词 如 news fact idea suggestion promise 等 之后 说明该名词的具体内容 如 I have no idea when he will be back The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody 注意 在动词 一坚持 insist 二命令 order command 三建议 suggest advise recommend 四要求 demand require request ask 后的宾语从句 和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句 以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中 谓语部分常用 should do 形式 如 He insisted that he should try once again His advice is that everyone should do his best to help the poor girl 3 It is required that students should attend at least 90 of the lectures 二 名词性从句的连接词二 名词性从句的连接词 名词性从句的连接词是名词性从句中最核心的问题 也是高考的常考点 连接词的选择 要考虑它在从句中的作用和所表达的意义 在句中所 连接词词义 作成分 例句 The problem is that we don t have enough money that 从 属 连 词 if whether 是否 The question is whether they have so much money 在句中所 连接词词义 作成分 例句 连 接 代 词 who whom which whose what 原疑问代词的意义 what 更常表示 the thing that the that 所 的东西 主语 宾语 表语 定语 Pay attention to what the teacher said Who kept the door open all night was unknown 4 whoever whomever which ever whatever 无论谁 无论哪个 些 无论什么 主语 宾语 表语 定语 Whoever breaks the law will be punished You can take whichever book you like 连接词词义 在句中所 作成分 例句 连 接 副 词 when where why how 原疑问副词的意义或 的时间 the time when 的地点 the place where 的原因 the reason why 的方式 the way that 状语 When he will go is unknown I wonder why he tried to avoid me This room is where I was born This is how we work 1 what 与 that 1 误 All what he did was for you 正 What he did was for you 正 All that he did was for you 5 2 误 I was thinking that I could do for you 正 I was thinking what I could do for you 解析 what 引导名词性从句 what 相当于 the thing that the that all that 等 具体的意义要根据上下文确定 在名词性从句中 what 既有意义 又在从句中作一定的 成分 而 that 无意义 且在从句中不作成分 2 who 与 whoever 误 Who is the first to come will get a gift 正 Whoever is the first to come will get a gift 正 Anyone who is the first to come will get a gift 解析 whoever 引导名词性从句 意为 无论谁 相当于 anyone who 而 who 意为 谁 3 whether 与 if 1 误 They don t know if to go there 正 They don t know whether to go there 2 误 It depends on if we have enough time 正 It depends on whether we have enough time 解析 在以下情况只能用 whether 不能用 if 作介词宾语时 连接词一般用 whether It all depends on whether they will come back 后面直接跟 or not 时 用 whether I didn t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan 主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句中 只能用 whether Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet The question is whether they have so much time whether 可与动词不定式连用 但 if 不能 I have not decided whether to go or not 6 whether 可引导一个让步状语从句 表示 不管 无论 而 if 不能 Whether he comes or not we will begin our party on time 4 whoever 与 whomever 误 Please give the book to whomever needs it most 正 Please give the book to whoever needs it most 解析 此处 whoever 在从句中作主语 因此不能用 whomever 名词性从句引导词 的选择要注意其意义及它在从句中所作的成分 5 误 He will win the match is certain 正 That he will win the match is certain 正 It is certain that he will win the match 解析 that 位于句首引导主语从句时 不能省略 6 误 What we bought was some bananas 正 What we bought were some bananas 解析 what 引导的从句作主语时 若表示复数概念 谓语动词则用复数 7 名词性从句的语序 误 So now you know what should you do 正 So now you know what you should do 解析 名词性从句应用陈述语序 8 误 There s a fact that English is being accepted as an important language 正 It s a fact that English is being accepted as an important language 解析 It is a fact that 句型中 It 为形式主语 真正的主语为后面的 that 从句 it 不能换成 there 9 误 He is late That s why he got up late this morning 7 正 He is late That s because he got up late this morning 解析 That s why 的原因 That s because 那是因为 此处起床晚是迟 到的原因 故用 That s because 10 误 We ll discuss the problem that the sports meeting will be held in Beijing Stadium 正 We ll discuss the problem when whether the sports meeting will be held in Beijing Stadium 解析 如果用 that 引导同位语从句意义不完整 这时可根据情况选用 whether when 等 1 2010 全国卷 We haven t discussed yet we are going to place our new furniture A that B which C what D where 解析 D where 引导宾语从句 在从句中作地点状语 2 2009 北京卷 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see it got any better A when B how C why D if 解析 D 考查宾语从句的引导词的选择 句意为 最初他不喜欢这份新工作 但是 他决定给自己几个月的时间来看一下这份工作是否会变得更好 所以用 if 引导宾语从句 3 2010 全国卷 Have you finished the book No I ve read up to the children discover the secret cave A which B what C that D where 解析 D 考查宾语从句连接词 答句句意为 我已经读到孩子们发现神秘洞穴的部 分 where 引导的从句充当 up to 的宾语 强调地点概念 4 2010 福建卷 We should respect food and think about the people who don t 8 have we have here and treat food nicely A that B which C what D whether 解析 C 考查引导词 句意为 我们应该尊重食物 考虑那些没有我们拥有的东西 并很好地对待食物的人们 who 引导的定语从句修饰 the people 定语从句中又含有一个宾 语从句 这个宾语从句中 we have 缺少宾语 所以用 what 引导宾语从句 5 the flight to New York will be delayed is I m especially worried about A If what B Whether that C When that D Whether what 解析 D 句意为 到纽约的航班是否会被耽搁是我特别担心的事情 放在句首的主 语从句表 是否 要用 whether 引导 而不能用 if what 引导表语从句 表示所担心的事 情 选 D 6 2010 重庆卷 To improve the quality of our products we asked for suggestions had used the products A whoever B who C whichever D which 解析 A 考查宾语从句引导词 句意为 为了提高产品的质量 我们向任何使用过 我们产品的人征求意见 这里可以表示 任何人 的只有 whoever 引导宾语从句 在从句 中作主语 正常语序应为 asked whoever had used the products for suggestions 7 2010 北京卷 some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others A Whether B What C That D How 解析 B 本题考查主语从句的引导词 在主语从句 some people regard as a drawback 中 regard 缺少宾语 选 B 8 2010 北京卷 I want to be liked and loved for I am inside A who B where C what D how 9 解析 C 本题考查名词性从句的引导词 for 后跟宾语从句 从句中 am 后缺少表语 故用 what 相当于一个名词加 that 9 2010 北京卷 Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel David Copperfield was it was rather closely modeled on his own life A what B that C why D whether 解析 B 本题考查表语从句的引导词 当 the reason 作主语 后面接表语从句时 习惯上用 that 来连接 10 Mum is coming What present for your birthday A you expect she has got B you expect has she got C do you expect she has got D do you expect has she got 解析 C 考查双重疑问句 疑问词 do you think believe expect 句子的其他 成分 句子用陈述句语序 11 People believe that there is no doubt a cure for H1N1 has been found A which B that C what D whether 解析 B 考查同位语从句 There is no doubt that 为固定句型 that 在从句中 不充当成分 12 2010 江苏卷 I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays That s I don t agree You should have a more active life A where B how C when D what 解析 A 本题考查名词性从句 where 引导表语从句 在从句中作地点状语 注意 agree 是不及物动词 10 13 Father made a promise I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary A that B if C whether D that if 解析 D that 引导同位语从句 在同位语从句中又含有一个由 if 引导的条件状语 从句 14 children should learn from around us is a question of great importance A Where B Whom C When D How 解析 B 考查对句式和引导词的判断能力 分析句子结构可排除 A C D 也可根 据句意 孩子们该向谁学习 得知答案 15 Alice looks blue today Yes I asked her but she wouldn t say troubled her A why was it that B that was why C it was what D what it was that 解析 D 考查宾语从句的语序和强调句型 句意为 爱丽丝今天显得沮丧 是 的 我问她为何 她没说究竟是什么让她伤心 16 2010 浙江卷 How about camping this weekend just for a change OK you want A whichever B however C whatever D whoever 解析 C 句意 这个周末野营怎么样 来点新鲜的 好啊 按你的意思吧 答语中谓语动词 want 缺少宾语 排除 B D 项 whichever 需要在语境中给出具体范围 所以排除 A 项 whatever 等于 anything that 17 2010 陕西卷 It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind A which B what C that D if 11 解析 C 本题考查名词性从句中的主语从句 It 为形式主语 真正的主语从句中 不缺任何成分 根据句子意思 只需要用 that 连接 18 2010 四川卷 How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on he goes with whether his friends or relatives A what B who C how D why 解析 B 考查连词词义辨析 宾语从句中 with 缺少宾语 whether his friends or relatives 暗示缺少的是指人的宾语 19 You know I m poor in Chinese you are not good at English and That s we should help each other A when B where C how D that 解析 B 考查名词性从句 where 引导的从句作表语 where 意为 的地方 20 The free tickets will go to comes first to the concert A whoever B whomever C whichever D no matter who 解析 A 本题考查名词性从句 题干句子空白处用 whoever 连接宾语从句同时在宾 语从句中作主语 指人 句意为 免费票将送给第一个来听音乐会的听众 不管他是谁 注 意 no matter who 只能引导状语从句 不能连接名词性从句 1 2011 陕西西安分科质检 After working on the maths problem for hours he found he thought was the key to it A what B that C where D which 解析 what 引导的名词性从句作 found 的宾语从句的主语 而且 what 在宾语从句中 作主语 he thought 为插入语 答案 A 12 2 2011 济南第二次统考 The hospital nearby has just got a you d call it er a scanner A that B which C what D how 解析 考查名词性从句 该句比较口语化 句意是 附近的医院刚搞来一个 你们 叫它什么 对 扫描器 答案 C 3 2011 潍坊质量监测 Sometimes advertisements make possible for companies to sell the customers money can not buy A that B it what C that which D it whose 解析 句意为 有时广告让公司把用钱买不到的东西卖给顾客变得可能 it 是形式宾 语 真正的宾语是不定式短语 what 引导的是宾语从句 并在宾语从句中作宾语 答案 B 4 2011 四川绵阳模拟 Most of we call geniuses 天才 are successful only because they have made extraordinary efforts A whom B who C which D what 解析 分析句子成分可知 of 后的宾语从句中 动词 call 后面缺少英语补足语 故用 what 引导 答案 D 5 2011 宁夏银川调研 She is very dear to us We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life A whichever B however C whatever D whoever 解析 句意为 她对我们弥足珍贵 我们已经准备好尽一切努力挽救她的生命 这里 的 whatever 既作 take 的宾语 也引导 do 后的宾语从句 答案 C 6 2010 西城 5 月 Why are you staring at me You look stupid The way you wear is annoys me most A which B where C how D what 解析 考查名词性从句的引导词 所选关系代词引导一个表语从句 并在从句中作主 语 所以要用 what 13 答案 D 7 2011 湖北武汉联考 Faced with trouble or difficulty a person takes help that is available A whatever B whenever C wherever D however 解析 句意为 面对困难或挫折 一个人会接受任何可能得到的帮助 whatever 在 此修饰 help 意为 无论什么 而其他三个选项 不作形容词 不能修饰名词 故排除 答案 A 8 2011 浙江温州联考 The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years A what B which C that D though 解析 句意为 近年地球越来越暖的事实让许多科学家担心 从句 the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years 不缺少成分 因此选 C 项 that 引导的从句作 fact 的同位语 答案 C 9 2011 日照市调研考试 Do you know her No Her name rings a bell but I can t remember I read it before A where B what C that D if 解析 考查名词性从句 答语语意是 我不认识她 她的名字好像很熟 但我想不起 来在哪儿见到过了 A