高二英语Unit 11—Scientific achievements人教版知识精讲

用心 爱心 专心 高二英语高二英语 Unit 11 Scientific achievements 人教版人教版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 Unit 11 Scientific achievements 1 本单元重要单词及短语的用法 2 重难点句的分析与解释 二 知识总结与归纳 一 单元内容介绍 主题 以 科学成就 为中心 涉及到 科学家 科学假说 科学理论探索等内容 阅读 1 介绍中关村的形成 发展及其重要意义 2 介绍了四项重大的科技成就 太空探索 生命之谜 计算机网络 战胜癌症 语言学习 构词知识 派生 合成 混合和缩写 二 重要单词的用法 1 likely adj 可能 发生某事 常见用法 It is likely that 从句 be likely to do sth It is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing It is not likely that I would accept such an offer Are you likely to be in London this year It is likely to rain this afternoon Likely 做定语表示 可能的 可信的 合适的 有希望的 What is his most likely shopping place He seems a likely young fellow for the job 2 arrange 安排 筹划 布置 arrange for 为 做准备 为 做安排 They helped arrange for his return Call up and arrange for a taxi please arrange for sth I arranged with the bank for the loan arrange sth for sth Mother has arranged the appointment for me with the doctor arrange for sth to do sth We arranged with his team to play a game of basketball arrange that 从句 He arranged that the meeting should be put off for a week He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week 3 breakthrough 知识领域 重大突破 重大进展 发现 军事上的 突围 The programme was started in March 1986 and has led to several breakthroughs in science and technology In 1995 the Chinese government put forward a plan for rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education and it has helped Chinese scientists make many breakthroughs 注意有关 break 的短语 break through 冲破 突破 挣脱 穿越而出 取得突破性成就 The sun finally broke through the clouds break up 分解 用心 爱心 专心 break down 分解 镇压 崩溃 失败 破裂 break out 爆发 break in 闯入 5 byte at first byte 第一眼 It seems to be love at first byte for China and computers They recognized each other at first byte 6 rely on 依靠 depend on One of the mottos for the park Relying on science technology and knowledge to increase economic power makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future rely on 的其他结构 rely on sth for sth They rely on themselves which is much better They relied on the weekly boat for their supplies rely on sth to do You can rely on Peter to do whatever he promises Most industry within that area can be relied on to increase the production rely on one s doing We can t rely on his coming in time 7 set foot in on 进入 踏进 I will never forget how happy I was when set foot in china again and was back with my friends and family After 20 years working abroad he set foot on the motherland again 注意有关 set 的其他短语 set up 建立 set about 开始 着手 set off 动身 set out 出发 开始 三 重难点句的分析与解释 1 Which one do you think is the most important 你认为那一个最重要 句型 疑问词 do you think suppose believe 从句的其他部分 陈述句语序 Whom do you think he would go with Where do you think I can get some work to do 2 Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China It is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing 不管中国将来会取得多么大的科学成就 其中许多很有可能将在北京的西北部问世 1 Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China 中由 Whatever 引 导的让步状语从句 表示 无论什么 相当于 no matter what Whatever happens I must be calm Whatever the old man was like most of his scientific work was sound Whatever 还可以引导名词性从句 表示 任何东西 事物 Whatever I have is at your service You must do whatever is best for you 2 in store for 等待着 某人 Who knows what the future has in store for us 3 It is home to the Chinese Academy of Sciences and more than ten famous universities 用心 爱心 专心 它是中科院及十多所著名大学的所在地 is home to 的发源地 所在地 That mountain is home to this kind of wolves China is home to pandas 4 The science center got started in the early 1980s when Chen Chunxian a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences opened a private research and development institute 中关村的科技园早在 80 年代就开始创建了 当时一位中科院研究员开办了一所私人研 究发展机构 got started 开始 get 过去分词 get married get engaged to get paid get dressed They got married in 2002 Watch out for the fire or you ll get burnt 5 They all have their own characteristics but they all share the spirit of creativity and scientific skill that have made ZhongGuancun a success 他们都有各自的特色 但是 他们都具有中关村赖以成功的那种创造精神和科学技能 1 that have made ZhongGuancun a success 定语从句修饰 the spirit of creativity and scientific skill 2 made ZhongGuancun a success make 宾语 宾补结构 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy Wherever he is he makes it a rule to do his morning exercises Zhongguancun made it possible for him to follow his dream and help the country he loves 3 a success 成功的事或人 抽象名词为不可数名词 在前面加 a an 词义发生了 变化 表示具体的一件事或人 如 success failure surprise pleasure pity 等 6 Not all the new companies can succeed but the spirit and creativity they represent are more important than money 并非所有的新公司都能成功 但他们所体现出来的精神和创造性比钱更重要 Not all 并非所有的 部分否定句 类似的结构有 not every not both 或 All not Every not Both not Not all the students went to the movie All the students didn t go to the movie I don t know all of them 全部否定表达为 none none of 7 In 1995 the Chinese government put forward a plan for rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education and it has helped Chinese scientists make many breakthroughs 1995 年中国政府提出了 科教兴国 的规划 从而帮助中国的科学家取得了许多突破 性进展 put forward 提出 推荐 使 提前 Are you serious in putting forward such a view May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee The clock had been put forward half an hour 典型例题典型例题 一 单项选择 1 The kings in Egypt built many pyramids to store their bodies and they hoped to one 用心 爱心 专心 day A come life B come to their lifeC come back D return 分析 分析 埃及法老修建金字塔来保存他们的尸体希望他们有朝一日能复活 come to their life 复活 苏醒 答案 答案 B 2 When you learn a foreign language you should the spirit of it A grasp B masterC catch D catch of 分析 分析 学外语应该领会外语的实质 Grasp 抓住 理解 领会 答案 答案 A 3 We as a candidate 候选人 for the position of Chairman A put forwards him B put him forward C put forward him D put him forwards 分析 分析 我们推荐他作为主席候选人 put sb sth forward 提出 推荐 使 提前 答案 答案 B 4 The rejuvenated old scientist has made growing and researching rice A a breakthrough at B breakthrough about C a breakthrough for D breakthrough at 分析 分析 那位老科学家在水稻种植与研究方面取得了突破性进展 breakthrough at 在 方面取得进展 答案 答案 A 5 He is a man A to be relied B to be relied on C to be relied on D to be relied 分析 分析 他是一个可依赖的人 rely on 依靠 依赖 to be relied on 不定式被动式做定 语 答案 答案 C 二 汉译英 1 他们明天会给我们带来什么样的惊喜 2 这事有可能会发生 3 你应该抓住这次机遇实现自己的理想 4 工作了十五年后 重新踏进大学的校园 我是多么开心呀 5 他对我们的积极支持 更增强了我们的信心 翻译 翻译 1 What surprising joy will they have in store for us tomorrow 2 This is likely to happen 3 You should grasp this opportunity to realize your idea 4 How happy I was when I set foot in a university again after 15 years of working 5 His positive support doubled our efforts 模拟试题模拟试题 答题时间 60 分钟 一 单项选择 1 the programme they have to stay there for another two weeks A Not completing B Not completed 用心 爱心 专心 C Not having completed D Having not completed 2 Though failure is the mother of success everyone wishes to have success A aB the aC a aD 3 I the main points of the speech A kept a firm hold of B seized firmly C grasped D measured 4 She relies you help her A on to B on for C for to D upon at 5 that the national science conference will soon be held in Jinan A It announces B It is announced C It declares D It declared 6 You are very to be late again unless you get there by bus A likelyB possibleC probableD proper 7 The Chinese culture has had a great on those countries around even since 3 000 years ago A supportB evolutionC effectD breakthrough 8 The more knowledge you in school today the better you will settle different problems in the future A learn by hearB keep in touchC have in storeD come to life 二 完型填空 Scientists no w believe the earth s magnetic poles 地磁极 have changed many times One 1 change may have taken place about 330 000 BC This 2 is about when modem man first 3 on the earth Many 4 now believe the magnetism 磁力现象 of the earth may have a 5 influence 影响 on life itself In the 6 past many kinds of animals and plants died out suddenly 7 the North and South magnetic poles changed 8 Animals birds and 9 people are to some degree controlled by magnetic forces When there is a 10 increase in magnetic strength many animals have 11 in finding their way Mice 12 near a strong magnet lose their hair and die 13 And when the earth s magnetism suddenly decreases the 14 of men or women who kill themselves increases How 15 does the earth s magnetism 16 our lives We cannot know for 17 We do know this magnetism is getting weaker and we know that in 2 500 years the magnetic poles may change position 18 And we know when 19 happened in the past there were enormous 20 in life on Earth 1 A similarB suchC probableD certain 2 A yearB century C date D moment 3 A appearedB came C producedD made 4 A peopleB scientistsC expertsD specialists 5 A surprisingB poorC completeD strong 6 A far B distant C longD deep 7 A when B if C before D after 8 A place B direction C position D use 9 A also B too C some D even 10 A slow B weak C quick D sudden 用心 爱心 专心 11 A interest B difficulty C pride D problem 12 A lain B placed C come D stayed 13 A early B late C much D quietly 14 A ease B fact C number D chance 15 A long B much C old D weakly 16 A make B cause C connect D control 17 A certain B clear C free D ever 18 A too B instead C again D often 19 A those B this C that D these 20 A influences B effects C movements D changes 三 阅读理解 Suppose we built a robot 机器人 to explore the planet Mars We provide the robot with seeing detectors 探测器 to keep it away from danger It is powered entirely by the sun Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times No The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any So we would probably program it to stop its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning According to the evolutionary 进化的 theory of sleep evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason The theory does not deny 否认 that sleep provides some important restorative functions 恢复功能 It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous However sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us So we sleep well when we are in a familiar safe place but we sleep lightly if at all when we fear that bears will nose into the tent The evolutionary theory explains the differences in sleep among creatures Why do eats for instance sleep so much while horses sleep so little Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating because what they eat is very low in energy value Moreover they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply because their survival 生存 depends on their ability to run away from attackers 1 The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us A the differences between robots and men B the reason why men need to sleep C about the need for robots to save power D about the danger of men working at night 2 Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him A keep up a regular pattern of life B prevent trouble that comes looking for him C avoid danger and inefficient labour D restore his bodily functions 3 According to the author we cannot sleep well when we A are worrying about our safety B are overworked 用心 爱心 专心 C are in a tent D are away from home 4 Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because cats A need more time for restoration B are unlikely to be attackers C axe more active than homes when they are awake D spend less time eating to get enough energy 5 Which of the following is the main idea of the passage A Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking B The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory C Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots D The sleeping pattern of a living creature is dete