高中英语 经典易错题会诊与试题预测 考点6动词的时态和语态总复习

1 高中英语总复习经典易错题会诊与试题预测高中英语总复习经典易错题会诊与试题预测 考点考点 6 6 动词的时态和语动词的时态和语 态态 常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和基本用法 主动语态 被动语态的含义和用法 情态动词 have 过去分词结构 动词时态是高中语法的重点和难点 当然也就是高考的命题热点了 判断时态的关键在 于正确认定行为动作发生的时间 根据时间状语直接地判断时态比较简单 但必须牢牢 掌握与各种时态连用的时间状语 同时 正确分析试题的时态语境是非常重要的 这里 的 语境 是指上下文的时间信息 入是题干所提供的对话 或是单句 找出信息词 确定行为动作发生的时间 从而判断句子的时态 这仍然是命题的焦点 经典易错题会诊 命题角度命题角度 1 1 常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和平共处基本用法常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和平共处基本用法 1 典型例题北 He was hoping to go abroad but his parents that they won t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank A were deciding B have decided C decided D will decide 考场错解 C 专家把脉 前面的 was hoping 有很大的干扰 考生以为是过去的动作 从而错选 C but 之后的句意为 他的父母决定 除非他从银行借钱 否则他们是不会支持的 那么是 已经决定 过去发生的动作 对现在造成了影响 符合现在完成时的含义与用法 对症下药 B 考场错解 C 2 典型例题苏 They on the program for almost one week before I joined them and now we it as no good results have come out so far A had been working are still working B had worked were still working C have been working have worked D have worked are still working 专家把脉 本题有两个不同的语境 前者是在我加入以前他们已经干了一个星期 是过 去的过去 用过去完成时 后者则用现在进行时来表示目前仍然处于的状态 时间状语 so far 是修饰动作 come out 的 对症下药 A 3 典型例题 Has Sam finished his homework today I have no idea He it this morning A did B has done C was doing D had done 考场错解 A 专家把脉 这里的时间状语 this moring 很容易让考生误选一般过去时 句意为 Sam 今 天写完作业了吗 我不知道 他今天上午在做着呢 应该使用过去进行时 表示上午当时正 做着 但不知是否完成 状语 this moming 前加上 by 则可用过去完成时 对症下药 C 4 典型例题国 The window is dirty 2 I know It for weeks A hasn t cleaned B didn t clean C wasn t cleaned D hasn t been cleaned 考场错解 B 专家把脉 题干中的时间状语 for weeks 是某段时间 根据后者所说 我知道 它已经 好几周没擦了 窗户应该是被擦 而且过去的动作影响到现在 所以应该用现在完成时的被 动语态 对症下药 D 5 典型例题国 Thank goodness you are here What you Traffic jam A keeps B is keeping C had kept D kept 考场错解 C 专家把脉 根据语义 You re here 你终于到了 那么后面是叙述在到达之前所发生的 事情 说明动作已经终止 用一般过去时 如果说强调对现在的影响 也只能是现在完成时 所以 C 项是错误的 对症下药 D 6 典型例题庆 The crazy fans patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived A were waiting B had been waiting C had waited D would wait 考场错解 A C 或 D 专家把脉 题于意思为 那些疯狂的影迷已经耐心地等了两个小时 而且他们会一直等 到那位影星的出现谓语是针对过去某个时候而言一直持续的状态 故需要用过去完成进行时 不是过去某个时候正在发生的动作 A 或即将发生的动作 D 若选 C 最好是不再继续等待 对症下药 B 7 典型例题宁 Maybe you have been to many countries but nowhere else such a beautiful palace A can you find B you could tlnd C you can find D could you find 考场错解 D 专家把脉 这里并非是疑问句中 could 表示委婉语气 排除 B D 本题 but 后的并列简 单句是以 nowhere else 这个否定词开始 故要用倒装语序 从时态一致的角度考虑 选 A 对症下药 A 8 典型例题 The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people to eat more fruit and vegetables A persuade B will persuaded C be persuaded D are persuaded 考场错解 B 专家把脉 尽管句中是指将来的事情 但条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来 时 在这时 如果人们被说服或被劝告 含有被动之意 所以选用一般现在时的被动 语态 对症下药 D 9 典型例题京 Now that she is out of job Lucy going back to school but she 3 hasa t decided yet A had considered B has been considering C considered D is going to considered 考场错解 C 专家把脉 从题干中得知 Lucy 失业 从主句的后半句得知她还没有决定是否回学校 因此 前面是指她一直在考虑着回学校 符合现在完成进行时的含义 对症下药 B 专家会诊专家会诊 使用各种时态时的注意事项 1 一般现在时 1 有计划的动作常用来表示计划 安排好了的将来动作 如 go come start leave take off 起飞 arrive return 等 例如 I leave for Beijing next Monday The meeting begins in a minute 2 在 here there in 等开头的倒装句中 一般现在时代替一般将来时 例如 I leave for Beijing next Monday There goes the bell In came the teacher 3 表示感觉 状态 思想或理解的动词 如 see hear think hope wish know forget understand like hate mean be feel fit 等常有可用于一般现在时 例如 I feel a sudden pain in my head 2 一般过去时 在口语中 want hope wish wonder think 等动词可用一般过去时表示现在的一种 委婉的语气或一种试探性的态度 情态动词的过去式 could should would might 也可 用于现在或将来时表示一种委婉语气 例如 I wanted to ask if you could help me Could you lend me your dictionary Would you like to have a walk in the garden with me What should I do now 3 一般将来时 1 条件状语从句中 will 可以用作情态动词 表示 意愿 Will 还可以用作表示一 种倾向或习惯动作 例如 If you will wait for me I shall go with you 表示意愿 Crops will die without water 表示倾向性 Where there is water there will be life 表示习惯性 3 be doing 限于某些非延续性动词 如 go come leave start finish 等 表示 按计划安排要发生的事 例如 I am finishing my homework He is coming They are leaving for Tibet 4 现在进行时 1 用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作 尽管此刻这一动作不一定正在进行 例如 4 How are you getting along with your work these days 2 在时间 条件状语从句中 有时可用进行时来代替一般将来时 例如 Don t mention this when you are talking with the manager 3 现在进行时与 always all the time forever constantly 等词连用时 表示感 叹 惊讶 厌恶等情绪 例如 He is always thinking of his study 表示赞许 Tom is talking his past all the time 表示厌恶 4 连系动词 look feel smdl taste sound 等 表示心理的动词 want like prefer have 等一般不用于进行时态 也没有被动语态 但是 turn become get grow go 等表示由一种状态进入另一种状态时 用进行时 例如 She feels worse today The fish smells good The rich man isis becomingbecoming poorer and poorer 改变状态 It s gettinggetting darker and darker 改变状态 5 般过去时和现在完成时的区别 1 一般过去时所表示的一个和一段过去时间是可以具体确定的 与其他时间没有牵连 所表示的事情纯属过去 和现在的情况没有关系 Who pointed out the mistake He will never be what he used to be He went to town yesterday 过去某次 When I was young I took bath regularly 过去经常 I would tell him the great changes when I was in his home 经常发生的动作 现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去某个或某段时间 所表示 的事情与现在情况有关系 是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响 例如 Have you ever been to Shanghai He has gone to the library 2 一般过去时常用的时间状语有 yesterday last night two days ago at that time 等 例如 At that time he was very poor I finished my homework two days ago 现在完成时常用的状语 副词有 already just yet never ever before 等 与表 示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用 如 today now lately recently in the last past few days weeks years since then up to now so far 等 例如 I have never seen such a big apple He has remembered 500 words this month He has been there for five months I haven t seen him since 典型例题 I haven t seen him since he left I won t believe you until I have seen it with my own eyes 比较下面句子 体会两种时态的不同 He servedserved in the army from 1999 to 典型例题指过去的一件事 现在不是军人 He hashas servedserved in the army for 6 years 现在还在服役 He wrotewrote many novels when he was at college 写许多小说是读大学时的事情 He hashas writtenwritten many novels 写过许多小说 还在写 5 I sawsaw War and Peace lastyear 去年看的 I havehave seenseen War and Peace before 以前看过 6 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 现在完成时的动作发生在过去 对现在有着影响 现在完成进行时则强调延续或直接结 果 例如 You look so tired what havehave you beenbeen doingdoing We havehave beenbeen discussingdiscussing the problem but we havenhaven t t drawndrawn a conclusion 考场维训练考场维训练 1 I with my uncle and aunt because my parents have gone abroad for a holiday A stayed B am staying C have stayed D was staying 答案答案 B 解析解析 从后文可知父母还在度假 那么是现在正在和叔叔一起住 2 At last we got the letter we long A had been expecting B were expecting C had been expected D have been expecting 答案答案 A 解析解析 根据语境 我们一直期待的信 用过去完成进行时 3 What s the weather like tomorrow Well I it for the scenic pictures drew my attention as the weather forecast was going on A was missing B missed C will miss D had misse 答案答案 B 解析解析 错过了是过去的事情 4 May I speak to your manager at four o clock this afternoon I m sorry He to a conference long before then A will have gone B had gone C would go D has gone 答案答案 A 解析解析 在那个时候已经发生了 将来完成时 5 Has George returned from Japan yet I d like to meet him I m terribly sorry but he back here only for last weekend A has been B would be C had been D was 答案答案 D 解析解析 这里时间状语 for last week 并不是表示一段时间 只是说明一个过去的情况 命题角度命题角度 2 2 主动语态 被动语态的含义和用法主动语态 被动语态的含义和用法 1 典型例题庆 Millions of pounds worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of England last night A has been caused B had been caused C will be caused D will have been caused 考场错解 B 专家把脉 损失是暴风雨造成的 所以应该是被动 但如果被题干中的过去时迷惑而用 过去完成时的 B 项就错了 暴风雨是昨晚发生的事情 但由此造成的影响还在继续 所以应 6 当用现在完成时的被动语态 对症下药 A 2 典型例题 Why did you leave that position I a better position at IBM A offer B offered C am offered D was offered 考场错解 C 专家把脉 动词 offer 常用在 offereb sth 结构中 这里主语是 I 故用被动语态 又 因为动作发生在过去 因此选 D 对症下药 D 3 典型例题 Sarah hurry up I m afraid you wouldn t have time to before the party A get changed B get change C get changing D get to change 考场错解 D 专家把脉 本题考查系表结构 get changed 是换衣服的意思 changed 是过去分词做 表语 类似的还有 get dressed get seated 等 对症下药 A 4 典型例题国 According to the art dealer the painting to go for at least a million dollars A is expected B expects C expected D is expecting 考场错解 D 专家把脉 句意为 按绘画经纪人的话来说 这幅画预料至少值 100 万美元 句子的主 语是 painting 不能发出预料的动作 应该是 被指望 被预料 所以用被动语态 对症下药 A 5 典型例题京 The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics by 2007 A has been completed B has completed C will have been completed D will have completed 考场错解 D 专家把脉 题干中有明显的时间状语 by 2007 是一个将来的时间 短语 by 将来的时 间和将来完成时连用 同时 construction 和 complete 是被动关系 故用将来完成时的被动 语态形式 对症下药 C 6 典型例题 Why don t you put the meat in the fridge It will fresh for several days A be stayed B stay C be staying D have stayed 考场错解 A 专家把脉 一方面题干的意思说明 可以保留好几天 是将来时态 一方面动词 stay 这里用作连系动词 不能用于被动语态 所以选 B 对症下药 B 专家会诊专家会诊 7 1 在口语和非正式场合下为了强调动作 常用 get 过去分词 结构 有时带有不愉快 不顺利 的含义 其否定和疑问句要借助动词 do 来构成 有时也会出现 become 过去分词 的结构 例如 He gotgot woundedwounded in a battle She gotgot marriedmarried last week The patient getsgets treatedtreated once a week Did you getget scoldedscolded yesterday He becamebecame seizedseized with a deep sorrow 2 短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态形式短语动词的被动结构中 构成短语动词的介词或 副词不能省略 情态动词的被动语态形式是 情态动词 be 过去分词 例如 The old woman was often laughed at The doctor has been sent for Time must be made good use of The plan will be given up Bad habits have been done away with The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible 3 主动形式表示被动意义的情况 1 某些连系动词的主动形式表示被动意义 如 look 看上去 smell taste sound feel appear 似乎 prove 证明 后面接形容词或名词做表语 例如 The roses smell sweet The theory proved true The examination turned out easy 2 某些具有及物意义的不及物动词的主动形式表示被动意义 如 read write translate record lock shut open wash clean run sell 等 此 时主语大多指物 并且一般和副词连用 例如 Your composition reads well His voice records well The door locks easily The coat wears well 3 表示开始 结束 运动的动词 如 begin finish start open close stop end shut rna move 等 例如 Work began at 7o clock this morning The shop closes at 6 p m everyday 4 少数动词用于进行时 主动形式表示被动含义 如 print build cook fly hang make 等 例如 The books are printing The meat is cooking My coat is hanging behind the door 5 某些不及物动词 短语 的主动形式表示被动的意义 常见的有 happen take place break out belong to go out run out 等 例如 The accident happened yesterday evening 8 The Anti Japanese War broke out in 1937 The fire went out gradually All of our food has run out 考场思维训练考场思维训练 1 the Christmas card Mr White No It s still on the desk A Has given B Was given C Has been given D Will be given 答案答案 C 解析解析 强调有没有被送去 2 Only when your identity has been checked A you are allowed in B you will be allowed in C will you allow in D will you be allowed in 答案答案 D 解析解析 将来的事情 被许可 3 Do you know anyone in Paris No but I ll make friends once A I m settled B I ll be settled C I ve been settled D I had settled 答案答案 A 解析解析 动作并未发生 不能用完成时 这里 be settled 表示状态 4 The high standard of the nation s literature and art widespread attention A was attracted B have attracted C has attracted D has been attracted 答案答案 C 解析解析 表示 某事吸引某事 主动代替被动 同时主语是不可数名词 standard 5 Slowly the old woman took out her pocket book and an old photograph out of it A dropped B was dropped C was dropping D had been dropped 答案答案 A 解析解析 这里 drop 是不及物动词 6 These shoes are of high quality and long A are worn B are wearing C are worn out D wear 答案答案 D 解析解析 表示穿的时间长 主动代替被动 命题角度命题角度 3 3 情态动词情态动词 have have 过去分词结构过去分词结构 1 典型例题 When the old man to walk back to his house the sun itself behind the mountain A started had already hidden B had started had already hidden C had started was hiding D was starting hid 考场错解 D 专家把脉 如果误解为 was were doing when 即将 突然 句型 就会错 9 选 D 从句意看 hide 的动作在 start 之前就已经开始了 应当用过去完成时来表示过去的 过去 对症下药 A 2 典型例题京 Scientists think that the continents where they today A aren t are B aren t were C weren t are D weren t were 考场错解 A 专家把脉 单纯看时间状语好像是用现在时态 但语境告诉我们的是今天各个大陆板块 的位置与过去的不同 因此 前者是一般过去时 后者才是一般现在时 对症下药 C 3 典型例题国 Let s keep to the point or we any decisions A will never reach B have never reached C never reach D never reached 考场错解 C 专家把脉 考查 祈使句 or and 陈述句 结构的用法 一般陈述句中是一般将 来时 根据本句的意思 咱们还是抓住要点 别跑题 否则就永远得不出结论 做不出决定 应选一般将来时 对症下药 A 4 典型例题徽 That was really a splendid evening It s years I enjoyed myself so much A when B that C before D since 考场错解 A 专家把脉 看起来似乎是连接词的选择 本题暗含了句型 It is has been 一段时 间 since 从句 且 since 从句中一般用一般过去时 如果前面是 was 则 since 从句中用 过去完成时 对症下药 D 专家会诊专家会诊 固定句式中的时态和语态的情况 1 在 if unlless evenif 引导的条件状语从句中 在 when until till as soon ss the moment once 引导的时间状语从句中 no mater what who which when where how 或 whatever whoever whichever whenever wherever however 引导的让步状语从句中 如果主句是将来时 往往出现 wilL shall can must 或主句是祈使句 从句用一般现在 时代替一般将来时 例如 I ll not go unless I am invited invited Tell him the news as soon as he es 2 be to do 表示拟订或计划中将发生的行为或按职责义务必须去做的事情 be about to do 表示即将发生的事 句中一般不使用时间状语 例如 All the questions areare toto bebe answeredanswered at once 表示拟订的事情 No one isis toto leaveleave the room without the permission of the police 表示按职责 必须做的事 They areare aboutabout toto leave tonighttonight 错误 去掉 tonight 3 语境中的过去时 往往表示 刚才 刚刚 的意思 暗示现在已 不再这样 例如 I don t knew you were here 说话时已经知道了你在这儿 10 I never thought he would do that 说话时已经知道了他会这样做 4 表示愿望 打算一类的词 如 hope expect mean intend want think suppose want 等 其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或 意图 例如 I hadhad hopedhoped to see more of NewYork 实际上没能实现 I hadhad meantmeant to help you but I was too busy at that moment 本来打算帮你 但 没有实现 I hadhad thoughtthought that he would come tomorrow 结果是他明天不能来 5 三个特殊句式的固定时态 1 This It is the first second time that 从句 从句中一般用现在完成时 前面的 is 为 was 时 则用过去完成时 例如 This the firsr time I havehave comecome to the famous city It waswas the forth time he hadhad mademade the same mistake 2 It is has been 一段时间 since 从句 since 从句中一般用一般过去时 如 果前面是 was 则 since 从句中用过去完成时 例如 It waswas ten years since we hadhad hadhadsuch a wonderful time 3 It be 一段时间 before 从句 如果主句用将来时 从句用一般现在时表示将 来 意思是多长时间后即将发生某事 如果主句用过去时 从句也用过去时 意思是多长时 间后发生了某事 例如 It won t be long before he succeeds 要不了多久他就会成功 It was ten years before they met again 十年后 他们又见面了 考场思维训练考场思维训练 1 The cell phone I I is on the back seat of my ear A thought had lost B think had lost C thought have lost D think lost 答案答案 A 解析解析 见固定句式中的时态用法 2 Alice you looked puzzled Have you understood it Yes I another problem just now A have thought of B am thinking of C had thought of D Was thinking of 答案答案 D 解析解析 暗示现在没有想了 3 I toured Zhangjiajie I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery A For the first time B At first C It was the first time D The first time 答案答案 D 解析解析 The first time 引导时间状语从句 探究开放题预测探究开放题预测 预测角度预测角度 1 1 动词时态是高中语法的重点和难点 当然也就是高考的命题热点了 判断时动词时态是高中语法的重点和难点 当然也就是高考的命题热点了 判断时 态的关键在于正确认定行为动作发生的时间 根据时间状语直接地判断时态态的关键在于正确认定行为动作发生的时间 根据时间状语直接地判断时态 比较简单 但必须牢牢掌握与各种时态连用的时间状语 同时 正确分析试比较简单 但必须牢牢掌握与各种时态连用的时间状语 同时 正确分析试 题的肘态语境是非常重要的 这里的题的肘态语境是非常重要的 这里的 语境语境 是指上下文的时间信息 或呈是指上下文的时间信息 或呈 题干所提供的对话 或是单句 找出信息词 确定行为动作发生的时间 从题干所提供的对话 或是单句 找出信息词 确定行为动作发生的时间 从 11 而判断句子的时态 这仍然是命题的焦点 而判断句子的时态 这仍然是命题的焦点 1 At this time tomorrow at home with a cup of tea A I am going to watch TV B I will be watching TV C I 11 watch TV D I m to watch TV 解题思路 从题干的时间状语 At this time tomorrow 可知 应该是 明天的这个时候 在干什么 所以用将来进行时 而 A C D 项都表示将来时间 be going 用于已经决定的事 情或将来肯定会发生的事情 shall will do 用于预料将要发生的事情 be to do 用于计 划 安排将要做的事情 不符合题意 解答 B 2 Hey boy l ook where you are going Oh l m terrihly sorry A I m not noticing B I wasn t noticing C I am not uoticed D I don t noticed 解题思路 题干中没有明显的时间状语 但从 I m terribly sorry 可知 是在提醒下 现在知道了自己的错误 没有 notice 是过去的事情 所以还是用过去进行时 解答 B 3 All the preparations for lhe task and they re ready to start A cnmpleted B complete C had been cumpleted D have been completed 解题思路 句子的后半部分是 and 引导的并列句 句意是 他们准备开始了 并且所有 的准备工作已经做好了 符合现在完成时的含义和用法 解答 D 考点高分解题综合训练考点高分解题综合训练 I I 单项选择单项选择 1 I used to drink a lot of coffee but these days I tea A prefer B am preferring C preferred D have preferred 答案答案 A 解析解析 一般现在时表示现在的状况 2 Do you know when she Sorry I don t but I ll let you know when she A comes comes B comes will come C will come will come D will come comes 答案答案 D 解析解析 前者宾语从句 将来时 后者状语从句 现在时代替将来时 3 How is she getting along with her English study Sorry I don t know because I her as much as I used to for almost two years A haven t met B didn t meet C am not meeting D don t meet 答案答案 A 解析解析 时间状语 for almost two years 是完成时的标志 4 Do you know what Tom does all day I know he spends at least as much time watching TV as he his lessons 12 A is doing B does C spends in D does doing 答案答案 D 解析解析 does doing 体现了 spend 时间 in doing sth 5 In order to protect the drinking water area A the villagers will plant many trees B many trees will be planted C planting many trees is necessary D it s necessary for the villagers to plant many trees 答案答案 A 解析解析 逻辑上要保持一致 6 Mr Wang told ne that four fifths d the houses A have been sold out B had been sold out C were sold out D was sold out 答案答案 B 解析解析 told 是过去时 从句为过去完成时 sell out 售完 强调被动 7 I know Jack spends at least as much time reading as he A does writing B is writing C writes D does to write 答案答案 A 解析解析 从句中 does 代替 spend 8 Look There is a whole crowd of people over there Go and see what and if it is a bargain buy it A is being sold B has been sold C is selling D has been sold 答案答案 A 解析解析 由句意可知被动的动作正在发生 用现在进行时的被动语态 9 What happened to her teeth She the apple more than she could chew A bites B was biting C bit D has bitten 答案答案 A 解析解析 bite 的动作发生在过去 10 Very did you arrived so late I m sorry but I the road to be so icy A wouldn t expect B haven t expected C hadn t expected D wash t expecting 答案答案 C 解析解析 没有料到的动作在 arrived 之前 即 过去的过去 11 Why did you come by taxi My bike broke down last night and I it repaired A didn t have B don t have C don t had D haven t had 答案答案 D 13 解析解析 过去坏了但还没有修理造成了影响 现在完成时 12 Is Bill playing beth football and basketball for the school He Unfortunately he s now given up football A is B has C was D had 答案答案 C 解析解析 由下句可知 过去踢球 was playing 13 What were you doing when I phoned you last night I my paper and was beginning to take a bath A have finished B had finished C was finishing D finished 答案答案 B 解析解析 finish 发生在过去的动作 was beginning to take a bath 之前 14 I wonder what has become of your company It is as good as ruined because of bad management A Don t you hear about it B Haven t you heard about it C Didn t you hear about it D Hadn t you heard about it 答案答案 B 15 The truth Sir is that the old man across the street when my car hit him A was to walk B had been walking C walked D was walked 答案答案 B 解析解析 意思是 车撞上他时 他正在过马路 16 What is all this excitement about You a fuss about nothing A have made B are making C will make D were mak