高中英语 Unit 4 Making the news期末知识梳理 新人教版必修5

1 人教新课标版高二必修五人教新课标版高二必修五 UnitUnit 4 4 MakingMaking thethe newsnews 期末知识梳理期末知识梳理 一 训练导入一 训练导入 I I 考纲单词考纲单词 写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义 如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义 1 editor 2 delighted 3 assist 4 eager 5 concentrate 6 update 7 inform 8 meanwhile 9 case 10 accuse 11 demand 12 publish 13 gifted 14 housewife 15 crime 16 edition 17 senior 18 chief 19 approve 20 appointment II II 核心短语核心短语 1 concentrate 集中 全身贯注于 2 in 以防万一 3 of 在 前面 4 as to do sth 为了 做 5 on one s 独自 靠自己 独立 6 be get absorbed 注意 全身贯注于 7 make an 约会 预约 8 have a good for 对 有敏感的嗅觉 2 9 keep sth in 记住 10 be to 应当 二 知识精讲二 知识精讲 I I 重点词汇重点词汇 1 concentrate vt 集中 聚集 典例 1 Authority was concentrated in the president 政权集于总统一身 2 We concentrated on the task before us 我们专注于眼前的任务 重要用法 concentration n 集中 专心 with deep concentration 专心 concentrate one s attention on upon 把注意力集中在 2 course n 过程 进程 课程 一道菜 典例 a course of medical treatments 医学治疗的一个疗程 a short term course 短期班 a dinner of five courses 有五菜的正餐 3 trade 1 vi 交易 买卖 经商 对换 购物 vt 用 进行交换 2 n 行业 贸易 商业 典例 1 He is engaged in trade 他经商 2 This is the trick of the trade 这是经商的诀窍 3 England trades with nearly all the countries in the world 英国几乎与世界上所 有的国家进行贸易往来 重要用法 trade in 做 生意 经营 trade sth for sth 以 换取 trade sth with sb 同某人交换某物 4 defend vt 防护 护卫 以行动 语言或文字替 辩护或答辩 典例 1 defend the motherland 保卫祖国 2 The accused man had a lawyer to defend him 被告有一律师为他辩护 重要用法 defend against 保卫 抵抗 3 defend from 保护 保卫 使不受伤害 5 senior adj 年长的 高年级的 高级的 n 年长者 长辈 典例 senior staff 高级职员 a senior officer 高级军官 a senior high school 高中 senior student 高年级学生 she has a good relationship with her senior 重点用法 be senior to 比 年长 6 approve vt 赞成 称许 批准 典例 1 Her father will never approve of her marriage to you 他父亲永远不会同意她和 你结婚 2 Congress approved the budget 国会批准了国家预算 polish vt 擦亮 磨光 润色 典例 1 Silver polishes easily with this special cloth 用这块特殊的布能很容易把银擦 亮 2 When handed in the article needs polishing 文章交上去前得进行修改 7 employ vt 雇用 用 使用 典例 1 He is employed in an international company 他在一家跨国公司任职 2 She is good at employing her time 她善于利用时间 重点用法 in the employ of sb in sb s employ 受 雇用 out of employ 失业 8 intention n 意图 目的 典例 1 The leader has no intention of cooperating with such a small company 领导无 意与小公司合作 2 If I ve hurt your feeling it was quite without intention 如果我伤了你的感 情那完全是无意的 4 重点用法 by intention 故意 without intention 无意中 不是故意地 have no intention of doing 无意做 II II 重点词组重点词组 1 on one s own 独自 独立 解释 on one s own 意为 独自 的 同 by oneself 不同于 of one s own 自 己的 典例 1 She got the job on her own 她靠自己获得了这份工作 2 Anyone who can solve the computer problem on his own will be admitted to our working group 任何能独立解决这个电脑问题的人可以被录取到我们这个工作组 2 have a good nose for sth 探查发现某事物的能力 典例 1 Experienced teachers often have sharp noses for students problem 有经验 的老师通常对学生问题很敏感 2 As a reporter Jane has a nose for a story 作为记者 简善于发现题材 短语归纳 have an eye for 对 有鉴赏能力 ha ve a good ear for 对 会欣赏 have a gift for 有 方面的天赋 3 be supposed to 应当 认为必须 典例 1 You are supposed to come here early 你应该早点过来的 2 He was supposed to have passed the driving license but failed 他本该通过驾照 考试的 但失败了 4 look forward to 盼望 典例 1 Many senior students are looking forward to graduation due to the heavy burden 由于不堪重负许多高中生期待着毕业 2 The daughter is looking forward to seeing her parents after many years departure 5 分开多年后 女儿渴望见到她的父母亲 短语归纳 含介词 to 的短语 stick to 坚持 lead to 导致 通向 pay a visit to 参观 sentence sb to 宣判某人 come to 谈到 涉及 see to 处理 负责 be up to 总计 devote to 致力于 get down to 开始 着手 2 The driver s carelessness led to the traffic accident 5 be feel guilty of 有罪 因 负疚 典例 1 The naughty boy felt guilty of what he had done to the teacher 那调皮的男孩 为他对老师所做的事情而感到内疚 2 The child felt guilty of telling a lie and said sorry to his mother 那 小孩因为撒谎而内疚 并向他母亲表示歉意 短语归纳 feel sorry for 同情 6 so as to 以致 为了 典例 1 The journalist raised his hand so as to earn a chance to ask the question to the spokesperson 那名记者举手想获得向新闻发言人提问的机会 2 The mother covered the baby so as to protect him from being hurt 母亲护着婴 儿为了保护他免受伤害 短语归纳 so as to 如此 以致于 in order to 为了 III III 重点句型重点句型 Not only am I interested in photograph but I took a course at university so it s actually of special interest to me 我不仅仅只是对摄影感兴趣 在大学里我还 专修过摄影呢 所以对此我真是特别感兴趣 解释 not only but also 不但 而且 当否定的短语 not only 放在句首 句子用倒 装 典例 1 By reciting many articles we can not only improve our writing skill but also train our memory 通过背诵一些文章 我们不仅能够提高写作能力 还可以训练我们的记忆 2 Not only does she do well in her job but she is always ready to help others 6 她不仅工作出色 还乐于助人 三 语法突破三 语法突破 倒装句倒装句 一 倒装的意义及分类一 倒装的意义及分类 倒装 的语 法 意义 及分 类 英语句子按 主语 谓语 的顺序排列 叫陈述语 序 如果是谓语或谓语的一部分放在主语之前 就 是倒装语序 使用倒装一是语法结构的需要 二是 加强语气起强调作用 即 修辞需要 倒装又分两 种 整个谓语放在主语前 叫全部倒装 部分谓语 情态动词 联系动词 助动词 放在主语前 谓语 主体部分仍在主语之后 叫部分倒装 其结构如下 完全倒装 谓语动词 主语 Away went the boss 部分倒装 助动词 情态动词 主 语 谓语 Never shall I forget that girl 注意 1 语法倒置是必需的 否则就会造成 语法错误 修辞倒置仅表达效果不同 倒置与否可以是随意 的 2 前置 感叹句 what how 置句首 the more the more 句型 引导从句的连词 等这都是语法需要 The harder you work the happier you feel 你越努力工 作 就越觉得快乐 表语提前 The more you study the more you know 你学得越多 就 明白越多 宾语提前 提示 有时从句倒装 主句不倒装 I like the painting better the more I look at it 我越看 这幅画 就越喜欢它 二二 倒装的基本用法倒装的基本用法 类别基本用法例 句 1 在疑问句中 2 提示 如果疑问代词在句中 做主语 句子不要倒装 Does Jack like to eat fish 杰克喜欢吃鱼吗 When will they go to the Great Wall 他们什么时候 去长城 Who is not coming to dinner tonight 今晚谁不来吃 饭 部分 倒装 2 在省去if的虚拟条件句中Were he here If he were here you could see 7 him 假如他在这里 你就能见到他 Had I known If I had known the answer I would have told you 我要是知道答案 就会告诉你啦 3 以only修饰的副词 介词 短语或状语从语放在句首时 表示强调句时要倒装 如不 在 句首或虽在句首但不修饰状 语时用正常语序 Only then did I realize the importance of English 直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性 Only in this way can you make progress in your English 只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步 Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed 只有他病重时 他才待在床上 在 only 状语从句 主句结构中 主句用倒装结构 但从句用正常语序 only 修饰主语 不倒装 Only Tom knows the answer 只有汤姆知道答案 4 在以often always then once now and then等 作状语的词位于句首的句子 里 Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone 我多次看到她独自一人在散步 Often did she come to my house in the past 过去 她常到我家来 5 以never hardly nor seldom little not only not until no sooner than 等否定词位于句首时要倒装 不在句首则用正常语序 Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain 他刚要离开 天就下起了雨 Scarcely had he sat down when his mobile phone rang 他刚坐下 手机就响了 No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes 他刚交卷就意识到出错了 Not a single word of English can he speak 他连一 个英语单词都不会说 Little does he care about his clothes 他不在乎穿 着 6 由as引导让步状语从句要 用部分倒装或前置 Pretty though she is she is not clever 虽然她很 漂亮 但是她不聪明 Disabled as he was he tried his best to serve the people 虽然他残疾了 但他仍尽力为人民服务 Child as he is he speaks fluent English 虽然他 是个孩子 但能讲流利的英语 名词单数前不用不定 8 冠词a Shortest as he is he is the richest of the three 虽然他是三个人中最矮的 却是最富有的 Try as she may she won t pass it 尽管愿意再试 她还是不会通过的 Attentively as I listened I still couldn t understand what he said at the meeting 尽管我专 心听了 我还是不懂他在会议上说的话 7 在 so that such th at 结构中的so或such位 于句首时 其主句要倒装 So excited was he that he could not say a word 他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来 Such was his anger that he lost control of himself 他是如此地生气 以至于他不能控制自己了 8 在某些表示祝愿句中May you have a good journey 祝你一路顺风 May our friendship be ever lasting 愿我们的友谊 长存 特别提示特别提示 注意掌握until的以下三种句式 1 Jack didn t understand why his mother was angry with him until she told him everything 直到母亲把一切都告诉杰克之后 他才明白母亲为什么生他的气 2 Not until she told him everything did Jack understand why hi8 mother was angry with him 3 It was not until his mother told him everything that Jack understood why his mother was angry with him 考题印证考题印证 1 2012 江西卷 32Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert A had sheB she had C has sheD she has 解析 特殊句式 倒装 C Never 放句首 句子要用部分倒装结构 从后面的 can 可以 看出是描写现在的情况 用现在时态 这里用完成时 句意 她从来都没有看到过任何人 打网球和 Robert 一样好的 2 2012 辽宁卷 32 Not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad A he had considered B had he considered 9 C he considered D did he consider 解析 D 特殊句式 倒装 Not until 位于句首时句子要倒装 consider having a holiday abroad 这个动作发生在 retire 之后 所以用一般过去时 3 2012 天津卷 Only after Mary read her composition the second time the spelling mistake A did she noticeB she noticedC does she notice D she has noticed 解析 A 考查 Only 状语位于句首时 句子要部分倒装 notice 是发生在 read 之后的 动作 故用一般过去时 真题体验真题体验 1 2011 重庆卷 Unsatisfied with the payment he took the job just to get somework experience A though was he R though he was C he was though D was he though 2 2011 山东卷 So sudden that the enemy had n0 time to escape A did the attack B the attack did C was the attack D the attack was 3 2011 陕西卷 Little about her own safety though she was in great danger herself A did Rose care B Rose did care C Rose does care D does Rose care 4 2011 四川卷 We laugh at jokes but seldom about how they work A we think B think we C we do think D do we think 5 2011 江西卷 Not until he left his home to know how important the family was for him A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun 6 2010 四川卷 We laugh at jokes but seldom about how they work A we think B think we C we do think D do we think 答案解析答案解析 1 解析 B 考查 though 引导让步状语从句时的倒装 该句前后是让步关系 由 though 引导从句 所以将从句中的表语 unsatisfied 提前构成倒装结构 2 解析 C 考查 so that 结构中的倒装 当 so 形容词 位于句首 表示 如 此 以致 时 主句部分要倒装 So sudden 为形容词 故使用系动词 was 3 解析 A 考查部分倒装乞 little 表示否定 位于句首要使用部分倒装句式 根据从 句语境可知要使用一般过去时态 4 解析 D 考查否定副词 seldom 位于句首时的部分倒装 seldom 为否定副词 放在句 10 首 应使用部分倒装 故选择 D 5 解析 A not until 放在句首要用部分倒装 翻译为 直到 才 又 begin 发生在 left 之后或同时发生 故排除过去完成时 采用一般过去时 6 解析 D 考查倒装 seldom 为否定副词放句首 用部分倒装 故选 D 句意为 我 们因笑话而笑 但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑 二 全部倒装二 全部倒装 类别基本用法例 句 1 在 there be 结构中 可以用在这类句型中的动词 除 be 外 还可用 live happen exist rema in stand 等等作这类句型 的谓语 There are thousands of people gathering on the square 广场上聚集着成千上万的人 There stand two white houses by the river 河滨矗 立着两座白房子 There existed some doubt among the students 学 生中有些怀疑 2 Here There Now vi 常为 come go 主语 必 须是名词 此句型中 here there 用来唤起注意 Here comes the bus 汽车来了 There goes the bell 铃响了 Now comes my turn 轮到我了 Then came the order to take off 起飞的命令到了 注意 这种句型不能用现在进行时 注意 这种句型不能用现在进行时 here 句中也可用系动词 如 Here are some story books I want Here is what you asked for or you are looking for 这就是我要 的故事书 我找了好久 Here we are This is the station 咱们到了 这就是火车站 Give me some paper Here you are 给我点 纸 给你 全全 部部 倒倒 装装 3 为了生动地描写动作 in out down up over away off back 作状语置于句 首倒装 但必须是在以名词 作主语的句中 主语比较长 也就是说主语不能是很短的 人称代词 谓语为不及物动 词 come go run 句式为 副词 vi 主语 必须是名词 Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes 老虎从 灌木丛里冲了出来 In came the rose fragrance through the windows 玫 瑰花香透过窗户飘了进来 Away ran the thief 注意 Away he ran 注意在完全倒装的结构里 如果主语是人称代词 则用正 常语序 Out she went 她走了 11 rush etc Here we are 我们到了 4 在直接引语后注明引语是 何人所说的 且主语是名词 时 They must be in the fields now thought Xiao Lin 他们准是下地了 小林想道 Help Help cried the little girl 小姑娘叫道 救命 救命 5 主语过长 或为了强调表 语 状语或是上下文紧密衔 接时 Such was Albert Einstein a simple mall 0f great achievements Such were the facts 事实就是如此 6 当句首状语为表示地点的 介词词组时 也常用全部倒 装 句式为 介词短语 vi 主语 必须是名词 In the middle of our school stands a high building 在学校中央有一座高楼 South of the city lies a big swimming poo1 From the room came a frightening sound At the top of the hill stands an old temple 7 表语放在句首 表语常为 形容词 分词 副词 介词 短语 要求主语比较长 也 就是说主语不能是很短的人 称代词 句式为 表语 系动词 主语 必须是名词 Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year 她很幸运 去年被一所名牌大 学录取 Gone are the days when he was looked down upon 他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了 Present at the meeting are some well known scientists 一些知名的科学家出席了会议 8 以 so 开头 用 so 助 动词 情态动词 系动词 主 语 表示前面叙述的情况也 适合于另一个人或物 意为 也 同样 也如此 表 示前面叙述的否定情况也适 合于另一个人或物 Society has changed and so have the people in it 社会变了 人也变了 用 neither nor 助动词 情态动词 系动词 主语 1 当 so 表示对前句内容的肯定 符合 或进一步强调前 面所说的情况 或者赞同前面的说法时 应用自然语序 意为 的确 正是 Tom works hard 汤姆工作很卖力 So he does and so do you 的确如此 你也是 2 倒装部分的助动词 情态动词 连系动词的时态和形 12 式要与前句相一致 If you don t go neither nor shall I If you don t go I shall not go 你不去 我也不去 注意 如果前面所说的内容 既有肯定又有否定 或前后 的谓语动词形式不一致时 用 It is the same with 主语 结构或用 So it is with 主语 结构 He worked hard but didn t pass the exam So it was with his sister 他很努力 但没有通过考试 他 妹妹也是这样 既有肯定又有否定 She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching So it is with Mr Li 她是老师 热爱教书 李先生也是这样 谓语一个是系动词 一个是行为动词 考题印证考题印证 1 2012 四川卷 5This is not my story nor the whole story My story plays out differently A is there B there is C is it D it is 解析 C 本题考查倒装句 nor 位于句首引起部分倒装 排除 B D 再根据句意 这 并不是 关于 我的故事 它也不是故事的全部 我的故事的结局不同 选代词 it 故 答案选 C 2 2011 上海卷 Hearing the dog barking fiercely away A fleeing the thief B was fleeing the thiefC the thief was fleeing D fled the thief 解析 D 考查倒装 表示方位的副词 away 位于句首 句子要使用完全倒装 该句陈述 过去的瞬间动作 故用一般过去时 3 2011 陕西卷 John opened the door There he had never seen before A a girl did stand B a girl stood C did a girl stand D stood a girl 解析 D 考查倒装结构 there 放在句首 且主语为名词 故采用全部倒装结构 真题体验真题体验 1 2012 重庆卷 33The headmaster will not permit the change in the course nor it a thought A does he even given B he even gives C whether D he will even given 2 2012 山东卷 31 I don t know about you but I m sick and tired of this weather I can t stand all this rain 13 A I don t care B It s ha rd to sayC So am II hope not 3 2011 重庆卷 At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River one of the ten largest cities in China A lies Chongqing B Chongqing lies C does lie Chongqing D does Chongqing lie 4 2011 福建卷 For a moment nothing happened then and shouting together A voices had come R carrie voices C voices would come D did voices come 5 2010 重庆卷 33 At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River one of the ten largest cities in China A lies ChongqingB Chongqing liesC does lie ChongqingD does Chongqing lie 6 2010 江西卷 33 Not until he left his home to know how important the family was for him A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he has began 7 2010 四川卷 9 We laugh at jokes but seldom about how they work A we think B think we C we do think D do we think 8 2010 重庆卷 33 At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River one of the ten largest cities in China A lies ChongqingB Chongqing liesC does lie ChongqingD does Chongqing lie 9 2010 湖北 Only if people of all the countries are united 我们才 能解决 the existing problems in the world solve 10 2010 陕西卷 John opened the door There he had never seen before A a girl did stand B a girl stood C did a girl stand D stood a girl 答案解析答案解析 1 解析 C 特殊句式 倒装结构空白处前为否定词 nor 位于句首 句子应该使用部 分倒装结构 而且根据语境空白处应使用一般将来时 C 选项符合题意 因此 正确答案 为 C 选项 2 解析 C 特殊句式 倒装 根据后面一句中的 I can t stand all this rain 可知 14 此处与上一句中的 I m sick and tired of the weather 表达同样的感受 因此应该 用 So am I 表示 我也是 选项 A 和 D 都与后面一句话矛盾 B 的意思是 很难说 不符合句意 3 解析 A 表示方位的地点状语提前 句子采用完全倒装 故选择 A 4 解析 B 考查全部倒装 表示时间的副词 now then 及表示方位的副词 here there 置于句首 并与 come go arrive 等表示位移变化的动词连用 且主语不是人称代词 要 采用全部倒装 5 解析 A 考查倒装 表示方位的地点状语提前 句子完全倒装 所以选 A 项 6 解析 A not until 所引导的状语 从句 放在句首要用部分倒装 翻译为直到 所 以 begin 发生在 left 之后或同时发生 7 解析 D 考查倒装 seldom 为否定副词放句首 用部分倒装 故选 D 句意为 我们 因笑话而笑 但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑 8 解析 A 考查倒装 表示方位的地点状语提前 句子完全倒装 所以选 A 项 9 解析 will we be able to solve can we solve 倒装句 only 位于句首修饰状语从 句要倒装 根据 主将从现 的原则可以确认主句的助动词是 will 或者使用情态动 词 can 10 解析 D 考查倒装句 Here There Thus Then 等副词位于句首 且当句子的主 语是名词时 句子用全部倒装句 选 D 四 单元自测四 单元自测 第一节第一节 单项选择单项选择 1 please state your name age and A entertainment B accommodation C occupation D training 2 how do you we will to to Beijing for our holidays I think we d better fly there It s much more comfortable A insist B suppose C want D suggest 3 If he finished his dinner a little sooner he wouldn t have missed the 8 30 train A would have B was C had D had been 4 I d love to go on the voyage to Tahiti with Robin but I doubt if we could something like that A afford B offer C permit D receive 5 Fast as you do you can t finish the in two hours A appointment B assignment C exception D access 6 when he was very young my chemistry teacher took in reading 15 detective stories A happiness B delight C joy D like 7 we really him for courage to say that he was wrong A admired B excused C disagreed D hated 8 how about the book you are reading Good indeed It many problems we have come across in our study A says B talks C covers D refers 9 she intends to make teaching her A situation B position C employment D profession 10 The fans were to have a look at the singer waiting outside the hotel A eager B worried C sad D satisfied 11 He asked us to him carrying through his plan A help in B help on C assist in D assist on 12 students should by all means their studies though there are a lot of entertainments inviting them A devote to B fix on C concentrate on D pay their attention 13 not noly Spanish but how to type A does she speak she also knows B she speaks does she know C does she speak does she also know D she speaks she knows 14 professor Hawkin asks his students to read the newspaper to keep of current events A watched B observed C informed D noticed 15 the meeting will begin in 10 minutes we can sing a few song A though B however C besides D meanwhile 16 Little about his own safety though he was in great danger himself A does he care B did he care C he cares D he cared 17 he suggested that we the work before the weekend A finished B should finish C to finish D finishing 18 they stopped me of the door A go out B going out C to go out D to going out 19 the spors meet we have been looking forward to finally A comes B has come C coming D have come 16 20 when a pencil is partly in a glass of water it looks as if it A breaks B has broken C were broken D had been broken 21 Don t use words expressions or phrases only to people with specific knowledge A being known B having been known C to be known D known 22 no need for her to go there if she doesn t want to A there is B it was C it is D there was 23 she was so in her job that she didn t hear anybody knocking at the door A attracted B absorbed C drawn D concentrated 24 the engineers on repair work to the bridge A set to B set about C set off D set down 25 I don t smoking in bed A approve B approve of C agree D appoint 26 sleep for a longer time the next morning Jane turned off the alarm A In order to B So as to C So that D In order that 27 the newspaper her the accused A protected with B proteced for C defended for D defended against 28 the doctor warned Pat against smoking as soon as possible and A so it was with Pat B so did Pat C so Pat did D Pat does so 29 this kind of books is intended children only A for B as C with Dup 30 I m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final I think so He