湖北省荆州市2014高考英语 阅读理解、完形填空训练（5）

1 湖北省荆州市湖北省荆州市 20142014 高考英语阅读理解 完形填空训练 高考英语阅读理解 完形填空训练 5 5 及答案 及答案 维 A1 阅读理解 每题 2 分 满分 8 分 选材相似度 设题相似度 难度系数 The modern British Empire first took shape in the early 17th century with the British settlement of the eastern colonies of North America which would later become the original United States as well as Canada s Maritime provinces and the colonizations of the smaller islands of the Caribbean such as Trinidad and Tobago the Bahamas Barbados and Jamaica These sugar plantation islands where slavery became the basis of the economy were at first Britain s most important and successful colonies The American colonies providing tobacco cotton and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north were less financially successful but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of British immigrants Britain s American empire was slowly expanded by war and colonization The ever growing American colonies pressed westward in search of new agricultural lands Conflict arose with the Dutch over trade and empire First Anglo Dutch War 1652 1654 Second Anglo Dutch War 1665 1667 Third Anglo Dutch War 1672 1674 Britain gained control of New Amsterdam which was renamed New York but ceded Suriname They defeated the French first expanding their hold over the maritime provinces Then during the Seven Years War the British defeated the French at the Plains of Abraham and captured all of New France in 1760 This gave Britain control over almost all of North America Fourth Anglo Dutch War 1780 1784 Anglo Dutch Treaty of 1814 Anglo Dutch Treaty of 1824 In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century a series of technological advances led to the Industrial Revolution Britain s position as the world s pre eminent trader helped fund research and experimentation The nation was also gifted by some of the world s greatest reserves of coal the main fuel of the new revolution NotesNotes 2 naval adj 海的 cede vt 放弃 treaty n 条约 pre eminent adj 卓越的 优秀的 长短句分析 The American colonies providing tobacco cotton and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north were less financially successful but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of British immigrants 句法点睛 本句中 providing tobacco cotton and rice in the south and naval material and furs in the north 为定语 修饰 colonies but 连接两个谓语 句意 美洲的殖民地 南方提供了烟草 棉花 水稻 北方提供了海产品和皮毛 这从 经济上不是很成功 但是肥沃的农业用地吸引了大量的英国移民 语篇解读 现代大不列颠帝国的雏形开始于 17 世纪 当时英国占领了现在美国 加 拿大临海的一些省份以及北美一些岛屿国家的地方 英国进行了残酷的殖民统治 从当地人 手中夺取了大量的土地 南方为英国人提供烟草 棉花和水稻 而北方则提供大量的优质农 业用地 经过多年的战争 英国人从法国人手中夺取了土地 并与当地人签署协议 成为合 法的土地使用者 这里的煤炭为 18 世纪晚期和 19 世纪早期的工业革命提供了能源保证 1 Where did the British first settle when they first came to America in the 17th century A Only the United States B Not only the United States but also parts of other countries C The whole of Canada D Small islands 答案 B 细节理解题 由 the original United States as well as Canada s Maritime provinces and the colonizations of the smaller islands of the Caribbean such as Trinidad and Tobago the Bahamas Barbados and Jamaica 可知 当时英国占领的不仅仅是美国 还占领了加拿大的临海省份 以及一些岛屿国家 2 According to the passage what in America made the British interested most A Tobacco cotton and rice B Naval material and furs C A great deal of good farmland D Forests 答案 C 联系第二段中的 naval material and furs in the north were less financially successful but had large areas of good agricultural land and attracted far larger numbers of British immigrants 可知 英国移民看上的不是海产 品和皮毛 而是大量的肥沃土地 3 3 What does the underlined word pressed mean in the third paragraph A Touched B Pushed C Published D Extended 答案 D 词义猜测题 联系 westward in search of new agricultural lands 可 知 这些殖民者向西扩张以寻求更多的土地 因此 D 项最合适 4 How many years was it from the first war with Anglo to the end of the last war in history A 132 years B 162 years C 172 years D 108 years 答案 A 推理判断题 第一次战争开始于 1652 年 而最后一次战争结束于 1784 年 因此得出答案 A 结束 第第 篇篇 An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to 归因于 the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15 this January according to UCAS the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A level were also up Professor John Beath the president of the society and a leading lecturer at St Andrews University said his first year lectures which are open to students from all departments were drawing crowds of 400 rather than the usual 250 There are a large number of students who are not economics majors who would like to learn something about it One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hash t traditionally done he added University applications rose 7 last year but there were rises above average in several subjects Nursing saw a 15 jump with people s renewed interest in careers in the public sector 部门 which are seen as more secure in economic crisis A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters and almost half said their 4 children had asked them what was going on although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain Zack Hocking the head of Child Trust Funds said It s possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty 语篇解读 本文主要讲述了金融危机下学生们开始更多地选择与经济有关的专业这一 现象 5 Professor John Beath s lectures are A given in a traditional way B connected with the present situation C open to both students and their parents D warmly received by economists 解析 事实细节题 从第四段第二句话可知他把教学与当前的一些重大事件紧密相连 即贴近现实生活 故 B 与当前的形势相联系 为正确答案 答案 B 6 Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their A greater stability B higher pay C fewer applications D better reputation 解析 事实细节题 从第五段最后可知在当前金融危机下这些公共部门的工作以其安 全性和稳定性吸引了求职者 故 A 极大的稳定性 为正确答案 答案 A 7 In the opinion of most parents A economics should be the focus of school teaching B more students should be admitted to universities C the teaching of financial matters should be strengthened D children should solve financial problems themselves 解析 事实细节题 由倒数第二段的内容可知应该 加强关于经济问题方面的教学 答案为 C 答案 C 8 According to Hocking the global economic crisis might make the youngsters A wiser in money management B have access to better equipment 5 C confident about their future careers D get jobs in Child Trust Funds 解析 推理判断题 Hocking 认为经济下滑带来的一个好处就是让年轻人学会了更明 智地处理金钱方面的问题 在经济不稳定时期更好地理财 所以答案为 A 答案 A 9 What s the main idea of the text A Universities have received more applications B Economics is attracting an increasing number of students C College students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty D Parents are concerned with children s subject selecttion 解析 主旨大意题 第一段提到全球性的金融危机使公众想更多地了解有关经济体系 方面的一些问题 所以更多的学生申请经济学专业 本文正是对此展开的论述 故答案为 B 答案 B 结束结束 A Israel was happy very happy The news of a deal to bring home the kidnapped soldier Gilad Shalit a young man held prisoner by Hamas for five years spread But the happiness was hardened by the reality of the price Israelis had paid to set him free The 1 027 Palestinian prisoners to be exchanged for the single Israeli corporal turned out to include men and women convicted 宣判有罪 of some of the worst terrorist attacks in the country Ambivalent says Aya Ilouz of her feelings on the matter Strolling in downtown Jerusalem with her husband Liron and their 5 month old daughter Yael the couple is so in sync on the question of the day that they finish each other s thoughts Yes says Liron we are very happy and excited to see Gilad meet his family And on the other hand We are very concerned says Aya About what happens next Liron explains When the next terrorist blows 6 himself up someone will have to answer Just around the corner on King George Street Alan Bauer had been walking home with his son on March 21 2002 when a Palestinian man named Mohammad Hashaika exploded a suicide vest packed with metal scraps Eighty four people were wounded that day Of the three killed one was a woman pregnant with twins Though the bomber of course died Israeli courts convicted the two women who drove him to the site of the bombing easing his way past the Israeli checkpoint by buying flowers to carry in the Mother s Day crowd These women as I speak are being released Bauer says Specifics have a way of weakening the joy of Shalit s release Among the 477 prisoners released on Tuesday in the first phase of the exchange are an organizer of the 2002 Passover bombing that killed 30 people a woman who developed an online relationship with a lovesick Israeli youth she then had murdered when he came to meet her and the man who proudly displayed his bloody hands to the mob 暴民 gathered outside the Ramallah building where two Israeli soldiers were beaten to death after making a wrong turn on Oct 12 2000 When the list became public relatives of terrorism victims appealed without success to Israel s supreme court to prevent the prisoner exchange The court hearing was interrupted repeatedly by upset survivors including Shvuel Schijveschuurder who lost five of his family members in a 2001 attack at a Jerusalem Sbarro To protest the release of the woman who drove the suicide bomber to the pizza restaurant Schijveschuurder poured paint on a memorial to Yitzhak Rabin the Prime Minister slain by an Israeli extremist for signing the Oslo Accords When we say 1 027 prisoners will be released it s abstract it doesn t mean anything says Eliad Moreh Rosenberg who was wounded in the 2002 terrorism bombing at the Hebrew University cafeteria But for victims of terror it s a reality Israeli officials calculate that 60 of those released resume terrorism attacks To help prevent that resumption this time around Israel insisted that 7 most of the prisoners liberated be sent either to the Gaza Strip which is sealed off from Israel and under the control of Hamas which says it continues to observe a cease fire or into exile 流放 in Turkey Qatar or Syria About 100 arrived in the West Bank where the government led by Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas works diligently to suppress terrorism cooperating with Israeli intelligence and military With the future uncertain on Tuesday Jewish Israelis stopped and stared at televisions wherever they came upon them On the sidewalk at midmorning outside the 24 hour Hillel Market 50 people were gathered under a flat screen to catch the first images of Shalit looking painfully thin It was moving It was very exciting says Anat Rubin 42 I just saw photos of him getting out of the car It gave me chills But she says she heard Hamas say that learning from success it was keen to kidnap more Israelis in order to win freedom for the 6 000 Palestinians still in Israeli prisons I don t want to see the photos of them doing the V for victory she says Like they won They are really releasing murderers I m happy and sad all together 41 The word Ambivalent in paragraph 3 is close to in meaning A happy B moved C contradicted D terrified 42 Why do the Israelis feel concerned about the exchange of prisoners A Because it s not fair to exchange 1 with 1 027 B Because they are concerned about the health of Shalit C Because they are worried more terrorist blows are coming D Because they want to know when and where the prisoners will be set free 43 Of the following statements which one is TRUE A All the 1 027 prisoners were released at a time B Among the released prisoners Shvuel Schijveschuurder was caught because he poured paint on a memorial to Yitzhak Rabin C All the Israelis are not for the prisoner exchange D The released prisoners can go wherever they like 44 What s the main idea of the passage 8 A Israeli people s attitudes to the prisoner exchange B How the kidnapped soldier Gilad Shalit managed to return home C The stories of many terrorist attack victims D Life of every single Israeli is highly valued 45 The underlined them in last paragraph is referring to A released Palestinians B Hamas C Israeli officials D 50 people under a flat screen 文章大意文章大意 A 文章描述了以色列人在用 1027 个巴勒斯坦人换回一个以色列士兵后的复杂心情 他们 表达了对这些巴勒斯坦人继续从事恐怖活动表达了担心 41 C 词义猜测题 从下文 Yes says Liron we are very happy and excited to see Gilad meet his family And on the other hand We are very concerned 可以得出词义 Ambivalent 对某物 某人或某境况具有或显示矛盾情感的 42 C 细节理解题 根据 We are very concerned says Aya About what happens next Liron explains When the next terrorist blows himself up someone will have to answer 和下文对释放巴方人员的背景介绍可知 以色列人担心的是会有更多的恐怖袭击 43 C 细节判断题 从倒数第四段第一句话可知不是所有的以色列人都支持换俘的 尤其是那些 受过恐怖袭击的以色列人的家属 故选 C 44 A 主旨大意题 根据全文可知 文章讲的是以色列人对这次换俘虏事件的不同看法 正确答 案选 A 45 C 细节判断题 根据下文 Like they won They are really releasing murderers I m happy and sad all together 可知 此处指代应为以色列官员 结束结束 第第 篇篇 Next time a customer comes to your office offer him a cup of coffee And when you re doing your holiday shopping online make sure you re holding a large glass of iced tea The physical sensation 感觉 of warmth encourages 9 emotional warmth while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A Bargh Psychologists have known that one person s perception 感知 of another s warmth is a powerful determiner in social relationships Judging someone to be either warm or cold is a primary consideration even trumping evidence that a cold person may be more capable Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences Bargh argues when babies conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations particularly warmth and coldness Classic studics by Harry Harlow published in 1958 showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth mother rather than one made of wire even when the wire mother carried a food bottle Harlow s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills Feelings of warmth and coldness in social judgments appear to be universal Although no worldwide study has been done Bargh says that describing people as warm or cold is common to many cultures and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students A research assistant who was unaware of the study s hypotheses 假设 handed the students either a hot cup of coffee or a cold drink to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form The drink was then handed back After that the students were asked to rate the personality of Person A based on a particular description Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced dr