2020年中考英语总动员 考点10 被动语态试题（含解析）

考点考点 1010 被动语态被动语态 一 教材重点回顾 一 教材重点回顾 1 被动语态的含义含义 英语中时态很多 但语态不多 只有两种 即 主动语态主动语态和被动语态被动语态 所谓 被动语态 相当 于中文中常说的 被 由 的句式 其主语是动作的承受者 承受者 如 他的自行车被偷了 这座楼房是由他们建造的 2 2 被动语态的结构被动语态的结构 那么 英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢 请看下面的例句 注意划线部分 this is called the greenhouse effect they are called renewable sources 通过上面的例句 可以看出 被动语态 的构成是 be be 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 by by 动作执行者 动作执行者 3 3 被动语态的运用 下面几种情况一般要用被动语态 1 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 例如 paper is made from wood 纸是由木材生产出来的 he was wounded in the fight 他在战斗在受伤了 electricity is used to run machines 电是用来开动机器的 2 不需要强调动作的对象时 例如 calculator can t be used in the maths exam 计算器不能用于数学考试 books in the reading room mustn t be taken away 阅览室的书籍不准带走 3 句子的主语是物 spanish is spoken as the official language there 在那里西班牙语被当作官方 语言来说 4 4 各种时态的被动语态 各种时态的被动语态 最主要是要掌握 bebe 动词的各种时态变化 1 一般现在时的被动语态 am is are 动词的过去分词 one is known as the one child policy 其中一项被称为独生子女政策 sea waves are used for producing electricity 海浪用来发电 2 一般过去式的被动语态 was were 动词的过去分词 big family were crowded into small houses 大家庭被挤一间小房子里 electric vehicles were developed in the 1990s 电动汽车是 20 世纪 90 年代被发 展了 3 现在进行时的被动语态 am is are beingbeing 动词的过去分词 a new factory is being built in our city now 现在我们市里一家新工厂正 在被兴建 some trees are being cut down in the park 一些公园里的树木正在被砍伐 4 过去进行时的被动语态 was were beingbeing 动词的过去分词 a new factory was being built in our city at that time 那时候在我们市里一家新工厂正 在被兴建 some babies were being looked after by miss chen last year 去年 一些宝宝正在被陈小 姐照看着 5 一般将来时的被动语态 a will shall be 动词的过去分词 b am is are going to be 动词的过去分词 some new factories will be built in our city this year 今年我们市里将要兴建一些 新工厂 your watch is going to be mended in an hour 你的手表将在一小时内 被 修 好 6 过去将来时的被动语态 1 would should be 动词的过去分词 2 was wee going to be 动词的过去分词 she said that some new factories would be built in our city 她说在我们市里将要兴建一些新工厂 he thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour 他认为你的手表将在一个小时内被修好 7 现在完成时的被动语态 havehave has has beenbeen 动词的过去分词 their materials have been changed so that it feels more comfortable 它们的材料已经被更换了 为了它摸起来更舒服 8 过去完成时的被动语态 hadhad beenbeen 动词的过去分词 he said that some new factories had been built in the city 他说在市里一些新工厂已 经被兴建了 9 含情态动词的被动式 can may mustcan may must bebe donedone a lot of water can be saved by forests 大量的水可以被森林储存下来 主动语态变被动语态 主动语态变被动语态 1 从句子意义句子意义上说 就是重新找出 什么事物 作为句子的主语 来表示是 被完成 的 例 1 主动语态 人们说英语 people speak english in many countries 被动语态 英语被说 english is spoken in many countries 例 2 主动语态 我们造这座桥 we built this bridge last year 被动语态 这座桥被建造 this bridge was built last year 2 从语法角度语法角度说 把原句的宾语改成主语 例 1 主动语态 小王邀请你 宾语 xiao liu has invited you to a lunch party 被动语态 你 宾语 被邀请 you has been invited to a lunch party by xiaowang 例 2 主动语态 你不准带走杂志 宾语 you must not take these magazines out of the reading room 被动语态 杂志 宾语 不准被带走 these magazines must not be taken out of the reading room 例 3 可接双宾语的动词如 可接双宾语的动词如 give give send send show show buybuy 等变被动语态可有二种变化形式 等变被动语态可有二种变化形式 主动语态 他们授给他 宾语 枚奖章 宾语 they gave him a medal for his wonderful work 被动语态 他 宾语 被授予一枚奖章 hehe was given a medal for his wonderful work 被动语态 一枚奖章 宾语 被授给了他 a a medalmedal was given to him for his wonderful work 二 中考考点梳理二 中考考点梳理 1 1 被动语态的结构 被动语态的结构 bebe 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 p p p p 被动语态的不同时态是通过 be 的时态变化来表示的 其人称和数方面应与主语保持致其具体变化 为 一般现在时 am is are p p 一般过去时 was were p p 一般将来时 shall will be p p 现在完成时 have has been p p 过去完成时 had been p p 现在进行时 am is are being p p 过去进行时 was were being p p 过去将来时 should would be p p 含情态动词的被动结构 情态动词 be p p 2 2 初中教材中常用被动语态的表达有 初中教材中常用被动语态的表达有 1 be covered with被覆盖 2 be made of由制作 发生物理变化 be made from由制作 发生化学变化 be made in由 某地 制造 be made by被 某人 制造 3 be used for被用来 be used as被当作 作为 来使用 be used to do sth 被用来做某事 4 it is said that 据说 it is hoped that 希望 it is well known that 众所周知 it s reported that 据报道 it s not decided that 尚未决定 it s believed that 据认为 it s announced that 据宣布 3 3 主动语态表被动的情况主动语态表被动的情况 1 open lock write read sell clean watch cut burn drive 等词作不及物动词时 它们的主语为物 可用主动语态表被动意义主动语态表被动意义 如 this kind of pen writeswrites very smoothly 这种钢笔写起来很流畅 2 look sound taste smell fell 等系动词系动词用主动结构表被动意义 如 light music soundssounds soft 轻音乐听起来很柔和 3 bebe worthworth doingdoing 用主动形式表被动意义 如 this book isis worthworth readingreading 这本书值得一读 4 want need require doing 相当于 want need require to be done to be done 为不定式 的被动结构 my bike needsneeds repairingrepairing my bike needsneeds toto bebe repairedrepaired 我的自行车需要被修理 4 4 被动语态的几种特殊形式被动语态的几种特殊形式 1 一感 fee1 二听 1isten hear 三让 make 1et have 四看 look see watch notice 以上动词做谓语动词时 在主动语态中与省略 to 的不定时连用 而在被动语态中要与带 to 的不定 时连用 即 主动语态主动语态 toto 省略 被动语态省略 被动语态 toto 回来回来 i often see him help the old 我经常看到他帮助老人 he isis often seenseen toto help the old by me 他经常被我看到帮助老人 2 双宾语变被动语态时 直接或间接宾语均可转化为主语 但直接宾语变主语时 间接宾语前常加 上 介词 oror 或 toto jack bought a gift for me 杰克为我买了一份礼物 a gift waswas boughtbought forfor by jack 或 i waswas boughtbought a gift by jack 3 一些动词短语动词短语用于被动语态时 要是为一个整体 不能丢掉其中的介词或副词 we must finish the work carefully 我们必须认真完成这项工作 the work must bebe finishedfinished carefully by us 这项工作必须由我们认真完成 4 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时 只变宾语宾语为被动句主语 宾语补足语宾语补足语不变 i asked her to go with me 我叫她跟我一起去 she waswas askedasked to go with me 她被我叫着一起去 5 5 不能用被动语态的情况不能用被动语态的情况 1 谓语动词为不及物动词或不及物动词短语不及物动词或不及物动词短语时 不用被动语态 如 happen take place take off 等 2 有些及物动词或短语也无被动语态 如 cost leave enter reach have wish belong to mind 等 3 宾语为反身代词 相互代词 不定式 现在分词等时 不能变为被动语态 4 系动词无被动语态 如 be become feel get look seem smell sound taste turn 等 1 1 典例分类典例分类 1 2019 重庆 a 卷 his car five years ago but it looks quite new a buys b bought c is bought d was bought 答案 d 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态 句子有个明显的一般过去时标志词 ago 故确定用一般过去时 根 据题意 他的小车是被他买的 所以用被动语态 故答案是 was bought d 2 2019 四川自贡 tom is always careless with his schoolwork could you help him no problem i think he to think twice before starting a should be told b shouldn t be told c should tell 答案 a a 解析 考查情态动词的被动语态 根据题意应该是 tom 他应该被告诉开始行动前要三思 所以得是 should be told 答案是 a 3 2019 山东临沂 around the world 300 million tons of plastic each year of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea a is created b was created c creates 答案 a a 解析 考查一般现在时的被动语态 该句中 3 亿吨塑料每年被被制造出来了 主语是塑料 所以还得是用 被动语态 故答案选 a 4 2019 四川达州 where will the 2022 winter olympics cindy in beijing the capital of china the first city to host both summer and winter olympics a be taken place b take place c take part d be taken part 答案 b b 解析 考查不用被动语态的特殊情况 当谓语动词为不及物动词或不及物动词短语不及物动词短语时 不用被动语态 如 happen take place take off 等 所以答案选 b 5 2019 四川达州 dr bethune helped a lot of chinese in the 1930s he is a great international soldier i know so he still in both china and canada now a has remembered b is remembered c will remember d is remembering 答案 b b 解析 考查一般现在时的被动语态 意思是白求恩现在还被被中国和加拿大人们所纪念 故答案用 b 6 2019 江西 gina went to the doctor s yesterday and she about the importance of good living habits once more a told b is told c was told d has told 答案 c c 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态 gina 是昨天去看医生时被医生告知好的生活习惯的重要性 所以答 案是 c 7 2019 重庆 b 卷 these machines in their factory by themselves last year a make b made c are made d were made 答案 d d 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态 根据题意 这些机器去年是在他们工厂里被制造的 be made in 地点 表示在哪里被制造 故答案选 d 8 2019 江苏连云港 it s reported the medals for the 2020 olympic games in tokyo from 100 recycled material a are making b have made c is made d will be made 答案 d d 解析 考查一般将来时的被动语态 句子中的时间标志词是 2020 年 是一般将来时 而奖牌是被制作 的 所以得用一般将来时的被动语态 will be made 故用答案 d 另 be made from 用 做的 看不 出原料 9 2019 安徽 the villagers expect that the building of the bridge before the rainy season comes a is completed b was completed c will be completed d has been completed 答案 c c 解析 考查一般将来时的被动语态 句意是村民们希望在雨季之前修好桥 是一般将来时 所以用一般 将来时的被动语态 故答案用 c c 10 2019 四川南充 lucy what have you learnt from this history class paper fast about 2 000 years ago in china a is invented b was invented c is inventing d was inventing 答案 b b 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态 句子有明显的一般过去时标志词 2 000 years ago 故确定用一般 过去时 纸张是被发明出来的 所以用被动语态 故答案为 b 11 2019 天津 the hong kong zhuhai macao bridge in 2018 we are proud of it a is completed b is completing c was completed d completes 答案 c c 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态 句子中的时间标志词是 2018 年 是一般过去时 而港珠澳大桥是 被修建的 所以得用一般过去时的被动语态 故用答案 c 12 2019江苏南京 the china international search and rescue team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it 18 years ago a set up b is set up c was set up d will be set up 答案 c c 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态 句子中的时间标志词是 18 years ago 是一般过去时 中国国际救 援队是 18 年前被创建的 所以得用一般过去时的被动语态 故用答案 c 二二 易混易错点拨 易混易错点拨 1 2019 江苏扬州 the 2021 international horticultural expo in yangzhou a holds b will hold c is held d will be held 答案 d d 解析 考查一般将来时的被动语态 2021 年是一般将来时 园艺博览会将在 2021 年被被举办 所以用一 般将来时的被动语态 很多人会用习惯性思维直接选 b will hold 这是思虑不周全的结果 所以答案选 d 2 2019 四川成都 unluckily notre dame de pairs 巴黎圣母院 this april we felt so sad for that a was burnt b is burnt c has been burnt 答案 d d 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态 巴黎圣母院今年四月被烧了 明显是一般过去时的被动语态 故答 案选 d 有些人会觉得 this april 是一般现在时 从而错误地选了 b 3 2019 江苏盐城 in chinese culture children born in the year of the monkey to be smart a say b said c will be said d are said 答案 d d 解析 考查一般现在时的被动语态 题意为在中国的文化里 猴年出生的孩子被说是聪明的 用被动语 态的情况是显而易见的 故答案用 d 4 2019 甘肃敦煌 a baby s first month birthday is a special event in china and with a special party a celebrates b is celebrated c was celebrated d will celebrate 答案 b b 解析 考查一般现在时的被动语态 首先宝宝的满月生日是被庆祝的 而 and 前后的 be 动词形式要一 致 前面是 is a special event 所以后面也用 is celebrated 所以答案选 b 5 2019 广东 it is said that one greater bay area university in guangdong in the future a will be built b build c will build d is built 答案 a a 解析 考查一般将来时的被动语态 句子有明确的将来时 in the future 大学又是被举办的 所以用 will be built 有些人在粗心地选答案 c will build 6 2019 湖北襄阳 i enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning you know they by the hard working cleaners every day a clean b are cleaned c are cleaning d will clean 答案 b b 解析 考查一般现在时的被动语态 题中的这些街道每天早上是被辛勤的清洁工们清扫干净了的 句中 有明显的被动语态的标志词 by 所以用 are cleaned 故答案选 b 7 2019 湖北孝感 i m tired of cleaning the house sweeping robots more and more widely today why not buy one a are used b were used c are using d used 答案 a a 解析 考查一般现在时的被动语态 题中的意思是说 扫地机器人现在越来越广泛地被使用了 所以是 用 are used 但是有很多人看到 today 就会选用现在进行时 are using 属于理解有误 8 2019 湖北黄冈 oh your room is too dirty mike sorry mum it yesterday i forgot to do it a didn t clean b isn t cleaned c was cleaned d wasn t cleaned 答案 d d 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态 句意是我的房间昨天没有被打扫 有 yesterday 这样的过去时标志 词 所以只能选择 wasn t cleaned 9 2019 湖南益阳 a lot of trees every spring in yiyang city a plant b is planted c are planted 答案 c c 解析 考查一般现在时的被动语态 由 every spring 可知本句要用一般现在时 大量的树被种植 故 答案选 c are planted 10 2019 河北 these cakes with chocolate have one please a fill b filled c are filled d were filled 答案 c c 解析 考查一般现在时的被动语态 题目的意思是这些蛋糕里被塞了巧克力 所以选 c are filled 此题要注意不要选 d were filled 了 有的人说这些蛋糕里被塞了巧克力是已经完成了这个动作 要用一 般过去时 其实不然 这里只是说明这些蛋糕现在这时的状态 仅仅是说明它们现在的形态 与动作无关 1 2019 湖南长沙 perfect photos good skills thank you they by my huawei mobile phone in fact i am not skillful at all a took b were taken c will be taken 答案 b b 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态 此题虽然没有明确的表示一般过去时的标志词 但是经过理解可得 知 这些照片是已经被拍了的 所以用 were taken 答案选 b 2 2019 湖北咸宁 the passenger refused to move after taking another one s seat what a shame he according to the newly credit system 诚信体系 a punish b punished c will punish d will be punished 答案 d d 解析 考查一般将来时的被动语态 意思是他将会受到新出的诚信体系的惩罚的 所以用 will be punished 3 2019 四川眉山 paper first about two thousand years ago in china by cai lun a is inventingb is invented c has inventedd was invented 答案 d d 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态 two thousand years ago 就表明了此句是用一般过去时 纸张被发 明的 故用 was invented 答案为 d 4 2019 福建 as one of the most exciting sports volleyball in the olympic games in 1954 a included b is included c was included 答案 c c 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态 排球在 1954 年被纳入奥运会的项目的了 典型的一般过去时的被 动语态 故答案选 c 5 2019 北京 my advice on how to save paper by my class last monday a accepts b accepted c was accepted d is accepted 答案 c c 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态 last monday 上周一是过去时 全句意思我的建议被全班所接受了 故选 was accepted 6 湖北黄石 in february chinese tech company huawei mate x a foldable 可折叠的 5g mobile phone a is introducing b introduced c introduces d was introduced 答案 b b 解析 考查一般过去时 此题华为公司在今年二月份是主动地发布了 mate x 这款可折叠 5g 手机 故用 一般过去时的主动语态就可以了 7