无人机在农业方面的应用

无人机在农业方面的应用 一提到无人机在农业方面的应用 想必大家首先想到的是农药喷洒 农药喷洒是植保无人机最常见的应用方式 因其高效安全 节约成本 易操作等优势受到了人们的肯定 但是无人机在农业方面的应用并不仅仅局限于此 本 文为大家解读无人机在农业方面的各类应用 The Application of UAV in Agriculture In recent years with the expansion of UAV technology in the commercial field UAV became a new research focus in the field of agriculture using UAV as low altitude remote sensing platform on farmland became a reasonable idea At the mention application of UAV in agriculture surely we first thought it can spray pesticides pesticide spraying is the most common application of the plant protection UAV because of its high safety cost saving easy operation and other advantages makes it get people s affirmation However the application of UAV in agriculture is not limited to this this paper for the interpretation of the various applications of UAV in agriculture 一 农田药物喷洒 Spraying pesticides on farms 药物喷洒是农用无人机最为广泛的应用 与传统植保作业相比 植保无人机具有精准作业 高效环保 智能化 操作简单等特点 为农户节省大型机械和大量人力的成本 全国各地不少地区都已使用植保无人机进行药物作业 受到了人们的肯定 据相关人士称 未来农业植保领域将会有千亿市场空间 Compared to the traditional plant protection work the spraying pesticides is the most widely use of agricultural UAV plant protection UAV has the characteristics of precise operation environmental protection and efficient intelligent simple operation large machinery and a lot of manpower cost savings for farmers many areas across the country already use plant protection UAV to spray pesticides has been affirmed by the people According to relevant sources the future of agricultural plant protection field will be billions market space 二 农田信息监测 Information monitoring on farms 无人机农田信息监测主要包括病虫监测 灌溉情况监测及农作物生长情况监测等 是利用以遥感技术为主的空 间信息技术通过对大面积农田 土地进行航拍 从航拍的图片 摄像资料中充分 全面地了解农作物的生长环境 周期等各项指标 从灌溉到土壤变异 再到肉眼无法发现的病虫害 细菌侵袭 指出出现问题的区域 从而便于农 民更好地进行田间管理 无人机农田信息监测具有范围大 时效强和客观准确的优势 是常规监测手段无法企及的 2002 年 美国宇航局已将无人机用于农田信息监测 Pathfinder Plus 太阳能无人机搭载高分辨率彩色多光谱 成像仪 用来监督 Kauai 咖啡公司的 1500hm 种植区杂草爆发 暴露灌溉及施肥异常等情况 除美国之外 西班牙也早有人使用无人机搭载光谱设备 用于测试在400 800nm 光谱区内叶片的胡萝卜素 含量 以模拟葡萄树的反射率的先例 Information monitoring of UAV on farms mainly includes pest monitoring and irrigation monitoring and crop growth monitoring using the technology of spatial information based on remote sensing technology through aerial of large areas of farmland land from aerial images video data fully understand crops growth environment period and other indicators from irrigation to soil variability to the naked eye can not be found in the plant diseases and insect pests bacterial invasion regional problems are pointed out so as to be convenient for the farmer in field management UAV farmland information monitoring has the advantages with large range timeliness objectivity and accuracy is beyond the conventional monitoring means In 2002 NASA used UAV for farmland information monitoring solar Pathfinder Plus UAV equipped with high resolution color multi spectral imager was supervising weed outbreak irrigation and fertilization with 1500hm2 planting area of Kauai coffee company In addition to the United States Spain has long been the use of unmanned aerial vehicle that equipped with spectral equipment for testing the carotene content in the 400 800nm spectral region of the leaves set an important precedent in order to simulate the reflectivity of the grape tree 三 农业保险勘察 Agricultural Insurance Survey 农作物在生长过程中难免遭受自然灾害的侵袭 使得农民受损 对于拥有小面积农作物的农户来说 受灾区域 勘察并非难事 但是当农作物大面积受到自然侵害时 农作物查勘定损工作量极大 其中最难以准确界定的就是损 失面积问题 农业保险公司为了更为有效地测定实际受灾面积 进行农业保险灾害损失勘察 将无人机应用到农业保险赔付 中 无人机具有机动快速的响应能力 高分辨率图像和高精度定位数据获取能力 多种任务设备的应用拓展能力 便利的系统维护等技术特点 可以高效地进行受灾定损任务 通过航拍查勘获取数据 对航拍图片进行后期处理与 技术分析 并与实地丈量结果进行比较校正 保险公司可以更为准确地测定实际受灾面积 无人机受灾定损 解决 了农业保险赔付中勘察定损难 缺少时效性等问题 大大提高了勘查工作的速度 节约了大量的人力物力 在提高 效率的同时确保了农田赔付勘察的准确性 Crops inevitably suffered the invasion from natural disasters in the growth process which caused the farmer to suffer the loss made the damage To have a small area of the crop farmers affected area reconnaissance is not difficult but when a large area of crops is aggrieved by the natural factors need a lot of work to assess the damage survey of crops of these which is most difficult to accurately define the loss area In order to more effectively determine the actual disaster area the agricultural insurance company will survey agricultural disaster damage The UAV is applied to agricultural insurance coverage UAV has a mobile rapid response ability high resolution image and high precision positioning data acquisition capabilities a variety of mission equipment application development ability convenient system maintenance technical characteristics can be efficiently affected task to assess the damage By aerial survey data acquisition on aerial pictures of post processing and technical analysis and field measurement results are compared with correction insurance company can be more accurate determination of the actual disaster area UAV disaster can use to assess the damage and to solve the agricultural insurance payment for difficultly surveying the damage and lack of timeliness greatly increases the speed of the exploration work saving a lot of manpower and resources not only to improve the efficiency but also to ensure accuracy survey about the farmland compensation 无人机在农业方面的应用除以上三个用途外 还可进行播种 授粉 施肥 近年来逐渐开展起来的农用无人机 作业在化肥施撒 农作物授粉 播种等方面充分显示出优势 相比传统农用机械 首先无人机播种 施肥具有精准 度高 效率高的特点 将农民从繁重的植保作业中解脱出来 利于规模化生产 其次无人机体积小巧 方便转场和 运输 再次不受地形条件限制 适用性好 最后 无人机操控手通过地面遥控及GPS 定位对其实施控制 不直 接操作机器 有效避免人员伤亡 安全性高 这些都使得农用无人机成为农业植保领域研究和应用的热门机型 深 受农户欢迎 In addition to the above the purpose with the application of UAV in agriculture but also it can be for sowing fertilization and pollination In recent years UAV gradually develops agricultural operating in fertilizer applicators crop pollination seed and fully demonstrated the advantage compared to traditional agricultural machinery first UAV sowing fertilizatio