一般将来时过去进行时_2013.doc

一般将来时一、一般将来时的意义：用来描述一个即将要发生的动作；谈论未来的计划和打算。 二、一般将来时的基本结构： will/shall动词原形表示将来发生的动作或将来存在的状态表示一种倾向或一种固有特性或经常发生的动作 be going to动词原形标识即将发生的或最近打算进行的事三、常见时间状语： next Tuesday/week the coming Sunday next year/week this morning/afternoon/evening/weekend tomorrow from now on tonight at night in a few minutes in the future in five years/in ten minutes soon before long四、肯定句在肯定句中，一般将来时的结构为：主语be（am / is / are） + going to 动词原形其它 或 主语 will 动词原形其它。如：1、They are going to visit their teacher tomorrow他们明天要去看望他们的老师。2、Some day your dreams will come true.有一天你的梦想会实现。3、Shall I go with you? 4、Without air a living thing will die. 没有空气生物会死亡。（固有特性）5、When it gets warmer the snow will start to melt.当天气变得更暖和一点，雪将开始融化。（倾向）五、否定句在否定句要在be的后面加not：主语be（am / is / are） +not + going to 动词原形其它 或 主语 will + not +动词原形其它。如： 1、I am not going to play football after school我不打算踢足球。2、they wont use these books.我们不打算用这些书。六、疑问句一般疑问句结构为：Be（am /is /are）主语going to动词原形其它? 或 will +主语 动词原形其它?如：1、Are you going to read books tonight? Yes， I am No， I am not2、Is he going to buy a comic book this morning?Yes， he isNo， he is not3、Will students go to school tomorrow?-Yes, they will. No, they wont.特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词be（am /is /are）主语 going to动词原形其它 或 特殊疑问词 will +主语 动词原形其它?如：1.What is she going to do this evening?-She is going to visit her grandparents2.Where will they go tomorrow?-They will go to the park.七、一般将来时在使用中的一些注意事项：1、will用于一切人称，shall只用于第一人称(I/we)。但现代英语倾向于所有人称都使用will而不用shall，shall主要出现在非常正式的英语场合中，或用于口语提出建议或请求。如：(1)Shall I go home now? (请求）(2)Shall we take different routes? (建议）2、will/shall+do通常用来谈论未来会发生的事或是正在制定的计划；而be going to do通常用来谈论在一个较近的未来将要发生的计划中的或是有可能发生的事。如：(1)They will see us if we go out at the moment.（未来会发生的事）(2)They will take different routes to the same destination.（正在制定的计划）(3)My uncle is going to visit us next month.（在一个较近的未来将要发生的计划中的事）(4)I think its going to rain.（有可能发生的事）3、will /shall do相对较为正式，常用于书面语，表示一个相对较远的未来；be going to do常用于口语中，表示一个相对较近的未来。如：(1)Im going to Beijing tomorrow.(较近未来）(2)Therell be no living things on the earth if people dont protect the environment. (较远未来）4、be going to do 用于表示计划、打算去做某事（强调主观意愿）；还可以表示根据事实情况极有可能发生的事。如：(1)Im going to take another route.(计划）(2)Its so cloudy. I think its going torain. (根据事实极有可能发生）5、在英语中，有些动词如go,come,leave,arrive，start,move等位置移动词可用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。如：(1)Im coming. (我就来了。）(2)Are we all going ？ (我们都将去吗?)6.在含有条件状语从句或时间状语从句的复合句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时，且用will而不用be going to。如：(1)Mum will go to Beijing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.(2)When you get home, youll find a new bike in your garden.过去进行时过去进行时是表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。可以从两个方面来理解：1 过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。E.g. They were playing football at ten oclock yesterday morning. My mother was cooking when I got home. I was washing my clothes at this time yesterday. 2 过去某阶段持续进行的动作 What were you doing during the holiday? 另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时e.g. Jenny was reading while Danny was writing. 其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were +v-ing. 其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。E.g. We were working in class. We werent working in class. Were you working in class? 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。 也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。E.g. The students all worked hard. Everyone knew what he was working for.做题时常见错误如下： 一、易把be+现在分词记成be+过去分词 例：He was talked (talk) to his mum at that time. 答案：was talking 解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。 二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词 例：1 I watching (watch) TV when he came in. 2 They were play (play) games at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. 答案：1 was watching 2 were playing 解析：现在进行时中“be+现在分词,缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例：We were flying kites at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. (对划线部分提问) What were you at 5:00 p.m. yesterday? 答案：What were you doing at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?解析：现在进行时中“Whatdoing”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。四、易与现在进行时弄混例：My mother is cooking (cook)when I got home. 答案：was cooking 解析：这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在，而过去进行时前提是过去，由when I got home可看出前提是过去。五、易与一般过去时弄混例：昨晚我在读一本故事书。 I read (read) a story book yesterday evening. 答案：was reading 解析：这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行，而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，它表示的动作往往已经完成。“在”说明正在进行，而“I read a story book yesterday evening.”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。 另外，在宾语从句中当主句为过去时，从句若是现在进行时，需变成过去进行时。 e.g. He said that he was drawing a cat at noon yesterday.答案：一、1 D 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 D 9 D 10 B 11 A 二、1 were feeding 2 wasnt washing 3 was mending 4 was walking 过去进行时一 、单选( )1. What _ from three to four yesterday afternoon? A have you done B had you done C did you do D were you doing( )2 . I call you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. Oh., Im sorry I _ dinner at my friends home. A home B had C was having D have had( )3. My mother _ while my father _TV. A cooked; was watching B was cooking; was watching C was cooked; watched D cooked; watched( )4. When I got home, my son _ the music. A am listening to B listened to C was listening to D was listening( )5. We heard a cry when we _ TV last night. A were watching B would watch C watch D watched( )6. She asked him whether he _ back for lunch. A come B was coming C came D had come( )7. Could you tell me when _? A she is coming B she was coming C will be come D is he coming( )8. The teacher _ when I came into the classroom. A is drawing B draws C has drawn D was drawing ( )9. The pizza _ by my mother. Would you like to have some? A makes B was making C made D was made ( )10. Nobody noticed what she _ at the moment. A will do B was doing C has done D had done ( )11. Was it raining hard when you _ this morning? A left B leaves C was leaving D would leave 二 、填空1 _ they_ (feed) the animals at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?2 Mrs. Green _ _ (not wash) clothes at this time yesterday.3 Grandpa _ _ (mend) his clock when I reached home. 4 As I _ (walk) in the park, I saw some children playing games.一般将来时 一 、 单选( )1 _you _a doctor when you grow up? A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be( )2 I dont know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesnt rain. A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come( )3 He will be back _a few minutes. A with B for C on D in( )4 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow? A will B shall C do D are( )5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week. A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish( )6 There _some showers this afternoon. A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have( )7 It _my brothers birthday tomorrow. She _a party. A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be( )8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11. A is B is going to be C will be D will to be( ) 9. It _ us a long time to learn English well later on. A. takesB. will take C. spends D