2011年高考英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测 Unit 19Modern agriculture 人教版大纲第一册

用心 爱心 专心 1 第一册第一册 UnitUnit 1919 ModernModern agricultureagriculture I I 单元知识点全览单元知识点全览 工欲善其事工欲善其事 必先利其器必先利其器 高考须掌握的词汇 1 protect 2 technical 3 irrigate 4 produce 5 gold 6 discover 7 practice 8 First 高考须掌握的短语 1 depend 2 on 3 in 4 against 5 after 考点过关 考点过关 过关斩将过关斩将 一马平川一马平川 考点详解考点详解 精剖细解精剖细解 入巿三分入巿三分 一 重点词汇一 重点词汇 1 cause vt 引起 造成 eg The drought caused the plants to die 久旱造 成植物枯萎 相关链按 cause n 原因 eg What is the cause of the fire 起火的原因是什么 用法拓展 cause sth 引起 造成 cause sb sth 一 cause sth to sb 对某人造成 cause sb to do sth 使某人干某事特别提醒 cause n 强调导致某事发生的原因 reason n 强调说明某事的理由 如考题 1 2 案例剖析案例剖析 旁征博引旁征博引 举一反三举一反三 考题 1 1 典型例题 The horrible noise from the man s room simply her to tremble A put B caused C drove D turned 考题 1 2 典型例题 分 I think you d better tell roe the for your being late again and again A reason B cause C purpose D desire 考题 1 1 点拨 答案为 B cause sb to do sth 使某人干某事 句意为 从那个 男 人房间里传来的可怕的声音使她吓得浑身发抖 考题 1 2 点拨 答案为 A the reason for sth 某事的理由 通常 cause 与 of 搭配 reason 与 for 搭配 2 raise vt 抬起 举起 增加 饲养 抚养 eg Raise your hand if you want to ask a question 如果想问问题 请举手 The farmer raised many sheep and crops 那个农民饲养了很多绵羊 种了很 多庄稼 He ralsed the children by hiroself after his wife s death 妻子去世 后 他一人抚养孩子 考题 2 典型例题分 Though in a big city Jim always prefers to paint the primitive 原始的 scenes of country life A raised B grown C cared D fed 考题 2 点拨 答案为 A 主句中的主语 Jim 与 raise 表示 抚养 之间是被动关系 与 grow 是主动关系 所以不选 B c D 项意义不通 句意为 尽管是在大城市被抚养长 大的 但吉姆更喜欢画乡村的原始的景色 3 I atest adj 最近的 最新的 eg Going fishing is his latest hobby 钓鱼是他最近的爱好 用法拓展 at the latest 最迟 最晚 eg Passengers should check in onel hour before their flight time at the latest 乘客最迟应在班机起飞前一小时办 用心 爱心 专心 2 理登机手续 考题 3 Have you heard news about the war A the late B a late C the latest D a latest 考题 3 点拨 答案为 C the latest news 最新消息 二 重点短语二 重点短语 4 brjng in 把 拿进来 赚得 有收入 扭送警局 eg How much can you bring in from your new job 你可以从新工作中赚多少钱 Bring the clothes in it looks like rain 把衣服收起来 好像要下雨了 用法拓展 bring about 产生 引起 使 船 转向 bring around 使改变主意 br ing back 使 归还 取回来 bring down 使降下 降落 降低 价格 bring up 教育 养育 呕吐 考题 4 典型例题 分 The policeman two boys whom he had caught stealing A brought up B brought back C brought down D brought in 考题 4 点拨 答案为 D bring in 在此句中表示 扭送警局 句意为 警察把正在 行窃的两个男孩抓住 扭送到警局 5 go against 违背 违反 eg It goes against my principles 这违背了我的原则 She is always going ageinst her mother 她老是违背她妈妈的话 考题 5 典型例题 What you did the school rule So next time you are late don t try to slip into the classroom without by the teacher A go against being noticed B goes against being noticed C went against noticing D went against noticing 考题 5 点拨 答案为 B what you did 作主语 用单数谓语动词 notice 与主语 you 之 间应是被动关系 故选 B 6 year after year 年复一年地 eg we used to go to the mountain viIlage for a holiday year aftar year 我们以前年年都去那个山村度假 相关链接 year by year 逐年 一年一年地用法拓展 year after year 强调重复 year by year 强调变化类似表达 day after day 日复一日 day by day 一天天地 考题 6 The lady is very glad that her only son has grown up A day after day B day by day C every day D each day 考题 6 点拨 答案为 B day by day 一天天地 强调变化 句意为 那位女士因为她的 独生 子二天天地采大而高兴 三 重点交际用语三 重点交际用语 7 If I were you 假如我是你 这是虚拟语气的一种 表示与现在事实相反 eg If I were you I WOUld buy that car 如果我是你 我就会买那辆汽车 特别提醒 主语是第一人称或第三人称单数 系动词一般用 were 而不用 was 考题 7 If he 10 years younger he would study harder A was B were C is D are 考题 7 点拨 答案为 B 虚拟语气中主语是第三人称单数 一般用系动词 were 四 重点句型四 重点句型 8 No matter hOW what who where 无论如何 什么 谁 哪里 引导让步状语从句 eg No matter who breaks 用心 爱心 专心 3 the law he will be punished 无论谁违法都将受到惩罚 No matter where you work you can always find time to study 无论你在哪里工作 你一定能找到时间学习 考题 8 典型例题 分 difficult it may be we are sure to stick to our principle A How B No matter how C What D No matter what 考题 8 点拨 答案为 B difficult 是形容词 因此用副词 how 进行修饰 这又是一个 让步状语从句 因此用 no matter how 来引导 句意为 不管情况有多困难 我们都要坚 持我们的原则 五 词语辨析五 词语辨析 9 Iatest Iate later Iately latest adj 最近的 最新的 the latest fashion 最新的款式 late adj adv 晚 迟 eg He is often late for school 他经常上学迟到 He came late 他来晚了 later adv 以后 后来 eg Three days later he came back 三天后 他回来了 lately adv 近来 最近 recently eg Have you heard from him lately 最近你收到他的来信了吗 考题 9 典型例题 I have seen so little of Mike Is he away on business Oh no He just leaves for his of rice and comes very A later lately B later later C lately late D late lately 考题 9 点拨 答案为 C 第一空 lately 表示 最近 近来 第二空 late 用作副词 表 示 晚 迟 语法归纳 语法归纳 精通规则精通规则 游刃有余游刃有余 it 用于强调句 it 引导的句子是常考的强调句结构 It is was 被强调部分 that who 句子其他部分 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语 宾语和状语 eg It is from the sun that we get light and heat 我们是从太阳那里得到光和热的 It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs 直到读了你的来信 我才明白事情的真相 典型例题 1 It was last night I saw the comet 考题 1 典型例题 who was that calIed him Comrade A one B that C it D her 考题 2 典型例题 is it has made Peter A the time B when C that D which 答案 C 强调句的结构是 It be 强调部分 that who 主谓句 强调句的连词只有两个 that 和 who 当强调的部分是人 且为句子的主语时 才用 who 其余用 that 原句 My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening 我父亲昨晚在实验室里做实验 强调主语 It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening 昨晚在实验室里做实验 的是我父亲 强调宾语 It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening 我父亲昨晚在实验室里做的是实验 强调时间 It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab 我父亲是昨晚在实验室做的实 验 注意不用 when 强调地点 It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening 昨晚我父亲是在实验室里做的实验 用心 爱心 专心 4 2 It is ten years Miss Green returned to Canad A that B when C since D as 答案 C 考点是连词用法 本题易误选为 A 其实本句不是强调句 若是强调句 去掉 It be that 还应是一个完整的句子 而本句去掉 It is that 只剩下 ten years Miss Green returned to Canada 不成句 因此本句不是强调句 3 It was not until 12 o clock I came back home A did B when C where D that 答案 D not until 用于强调句时 把 not until 放在一起强调时间状语 he is today A What that that B That that what C What what that D What that what 考题 1 点拨 答案为 C 强调句的特殊疑问句 考题 2 点拨 答案为 D 第一空强调 what 第二空是强调句中的连词 第三空中的 what 充当 make sb sth 中的宾补和 he is sth 中 的表语 句意为 是什么使得彼得成为今天这个样子 IVIV 专题探究 专题探究 由点及面由点及面 由表及里由表及里 专题探究 强调句用法一览专题详解 强调句是一种修辞 是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式 it is was that who 这种强调句式是其中的一种 下面归纳强调句的几种结构 1 用助动词 do does did 动词原形 来表示强调 eg He does know the place well 他的确很熟悉这个地方 Do write to me when you get there 你到那儿后务必给我来信 2 用形容词 very only single such 等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气 eg That s the very textbook we used last term 这正是我们上学期用过的教材 You are the only person here who can speak Chinese 你是这里惟一会讲汉语的人 Not a single person has been in the shop this morning 今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有 How dare you buy such expensive jewels 你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢 3 用 ever never very jUSt 等副词和 badly highly really 等带有一 ly 的副 词来进行强调 eg Why ever did you do so 你究竟为什么要这么做 He never said a word the whole day 一整天 他一句话也没说 You ve got to be very very careful 你一定得非常 非常小心 This is jUSt what 1 wanted 这正是我想要的 He was badly wounded 他伤得很严重 I really don t know what to do next 我的确不知道下一步怎么做 4 用 in the word on earth at all 等介词短语可以表达更强的语气 常用于疑问 句 eg Where in the world could he be 他到底会在哪儿 What on earth is it 它究竟是什么 用心 爱心 专心 5 Do you know at all 你到底知不知道 5 用感叹句来表示强烈的感情 突出说话人的情感 eg How interesting a story it is 这是一个多么有趣的故事啊 Oh what a lie 啊 真是弥天大谎 1 6 用重复来表示强调 eg Why Why The cage is empty 啊 啊 笼子是空的 They walked for miles and miles 他们走了好多英里 7 用倒装句 也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首 来加强语气 eg On the table were some flowers 桌子上摆着一些花 强调地点 Many a time have I climbed that hill 我多次爬过那座山 Only in this way can we solve this problem 只有这样 我们才能解决这个问题 8 用强调句型 lt is was 被强调的部分 that who 句子其他部分 来强调说话 人的意愿 eg It was on Monday night that all this happened 所有这一切发生在周一晚上 It s me that he blamed 他怪的是我 9 用 If 来表示强调 1 If 从句 I don t know who what etc does is has etc 主句部分也可以用 nobody does is has etc 或 everybody does is has ete 来代替 eg If he can t do it I don t know who can 要是他做不了这件事 我不知道还有谁 能做 强调只有他能做 If Jim is a coward everybody is 要是吉姆是个胆小鬼 那么人人都是胆小鬼 强调吉姆不是胆小鬼 2 if 从句 it be 主句 此用法可看成是第 8 中强调句型的变形 即把所要强调的内容 放在 it be 的后面 把其他内容放在由 if 引导的从句中 eg If anyone knew the truth it was Tom 如果说谁了解事实的真相 那便是汤姆 If there is one thing he loves it is money 如果说世界上还有他爱的东西 那便 是金钱 10 用破折号 黑体字也可以表示强调 加强语气 eg It s because of hard work ten years of hard work 那是因为艰苦的工作 十年艰苦的工作 He began the work in late May 他是在 五月底开始这项工作的 强调时间 V V 考题类型一网打尽 考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首蓦然回首 灯火阑珊灯火阑珊 回顾回顾 1 测试语法 典型例题 It was with grea t joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found A because B which C since D that 1 D 点拨 强调句型 It was that 强调状语 with greatjoy 回顾回顾 2 测试语法 典型例题分 It was after the in vention of printing to publish large numbers of books and pictures A were people able B that people were able C when were people able D people were able 2 B 点拨 强调时间状语 after the invention of printing 从句不用倒装形式 回顾回顾 3 测试语法 典型例题 is what you do rather than what you say 用心 爱心 专心 6 matters A that B what C which D this 3 A 点拨强调主语 what you do rather than what you say 句意为 真正要紧的 是你所做的而不是你所说的 回顾回顾 4 测试语法 2 o o 5 山东 1 分 that he managed to get the information Oh a friend of his helped him A Where was it B What was it C How was it D Why was it 4 C 点拨强调疑问副词 how 句意为 他到底是怎么得到信息的 噢 他的一个朋 友帮了他 20112011 年高考题预测年高考题预测 高瞻远瞩高瞻远瞩 占尽先机占尽先机 一 考情预测一 考情预测 预测 1 It is was that who 强调句 预测根据 It is WaS that who 强调句型是高考的一个重点 也是考生容易出错的 一个问题 考生容易把它与定语从句混淆 在近几年的高考题中 此句型出现的频率较高 且考情预测 年仍是一个命题热点 命题角度预测 此句型会在单项选择或短文改错中出现 命题会从以下几方面着手 1 强 调句与定语从句的区分 2 对 not until 句型进行强调 3 that who 引导从句时对语序的 处理 考生务必清楚此句型的结构特点 去掉 It is was that who 后把原句还原仍是完 整的句子 强调 not until 时 把 not until 一块提前进行强调 who that 后的从句用 陈述语序 预测 2 介词 again st 的常用意思 预测根据 against 是一个常用的介词 高考对 against 的要求是 熟知 against 的几 个常用意义 即 靠着 eg He stands against the wall 反对 eg We are al1 against the plan 违背 eg We shouldn t go against nature 以 为背景 衬托 eg The flag is waving against the blue sky 逆流而上 逆风而行 eg The boat is traveling again st the wind 这几个基本意思是考查的重点 应引起考生足够的重 视 命题角度预测 对介词 against 的考查在完形填空题上设题的可能性最大 考生应十分 清楚介词 aganist 的这几种用法 与其他介词辨析使用时 根据语境作出正确选择 预测 3 辨析 latest later late lately 预测根据 这几个同义词是考生非常容易混淆的 也是高考考查的热点 命题角度预测 这几个同义句的辨析在完形填空或短文改错中出现的机率最大 考生务 必清楚这几个词所使用的语境及用法 预测 4 如何提出建议或作出决定预测根据 如何提出建议或作出决定是高考对口语方 面考查的一个重要内容 也是考生必须把握的高考要求 In my opinion you The other idea sounds better to me Wouldn t it be be tter If 一 If I were you 等句式都是在交际用语中常出现的 也是高考常考查的 命题角度预测 如何提出建议或作 出决定 这一方面交际英语的考查会在考情预测 年的听力测试中有所体现 考生应从说话 者 谈话的字里行间 意会出说话者的建议或决定 这就要求考生熟知这些句型 预测 5 话题预测本单元的中心话题是 现代农业 具体涉及 饮食习惯与农业发展 传统农业与现代农业的对比 现代农业与环境保护 古代农业科学家贾思勰的 齐民 要术 等话题 讨论了现代农业随着社会和科学技术的发展而得到改进 如 温室的投入 使用 转基因农作物的出现等 高考与之相关的话题最有可能在阅读中出现 且体裁是科普 用心 爱心 专心 7 性的说明文 这是一个热点问题 也是一个时尚的话题 应引起考生足够的重视 二 考题预测二 考题预测 备考备考 1 测试考点 5 You d better stop doing the lob if it goes your will A for B with C against D away 1 C 点拨 go against 违背 违反 的意思 备考备考 2 测试考点测试考点 4 He was in a small village when young A brought up B bring up C bringing up D to be brought up 2 A 点拨 bring up 在此句中表示抚育 抚养 主语 he 与 bring up 是被动关系 备考备考 3 测试考点测试考点 8 late he comes back his wife is always waiting for him A No matter how B How C No matter what D What 3 A 点拨 late 是副词 所以用副词 how 修饰 此句是让步状语从句 故选 No matter how 备考备考 4 测试考点测试考点 9 into the night people found the little girl sweeping at the corner of the street A Lately B Late C Latest D Later 4 B 点拨 late into the night 夜深时 备考备考 5 测试语法 was his careless driving that cost him his life A That B This C It D One 5 C 点拨强调句型 It was that 强调主语 his careless driv ing 备考备考 6 测试考点测试考点 1 Smoking is one of the of heart disease A reasons B causes C problems D questions 6 B 点拨 the causes of the heart disease 表示造成心脏病的病因 备考备考 7 测试考点测试考点 2 It s difficult a family on a small income A raise B rise C to rise D to raise 7 D 点拨 raise a family 表示养活一家人 difficult to do sth 固定搭配 备考备考 8 测试考点测试考点 5 He the advice of his colleague and resigned A went against B went for C went down D went by 8 A 点拨 go against 表示违背 违反 句意为 他不听同事的劝说就辞职了 备考备考 9 高考新题型 阅读填空 Here is the news for Saturday the 14th