2012届高考英语 实战演练专题阅读理解（16-20）

用心 爱心 专心1 20122012 届高考英语实战演练专题阅读理解 届高考英语实战演练专题阅读理解 16 2016 20 附详析 第第 1616 篇篇 Plants can t communicate by moving or making sounds as most animals do Instead plants produce volatile compounds chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas A flower s sweet smell for example comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants A tree under attack by hungry insects for instance may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack In response the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away or even chemicals that attract the bugs natural enemies Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying a chemical sensor 传感器 called an electronic nose The e nose can tell compounds that crop plants make when they re attacked Scientists say the e nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants The research team worked with an e nose that recognizes volatile compounds Inside the device 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds Based on these interactions the e nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software To test the nose the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber pepper and tomato plants all common greenhouse crops Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop These plants had been damaged by insects or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch 打孔器 The e nose it turns out could identify healthy cucumber pepper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged But even more impressive the device could tell which type of damage by insects or with a hole punch 用心 爱心 专心2 had been done to the tomato leaves With some fine tuning a device like the e nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs the researchers say A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat says Natalia Dudareva a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette Ind who studies smells of flowers and plants Hopefully scientists believe the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future 语篇解读 植物会说话吗 植物如何 交流 本文中的科学家们正在尝试用 e nose 来测试植物受到伤害时的反应 5 We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by A making some sounds B waving their leaves C producing some chemicals D sending out electronic signals 解析 事实细节题 从文章第一段中的 Instead plants produce volatile compounds chemicals that 可知 植物通过它本身所产生的一种化学物质来进行交 流 所以答案选 C 答案 C 6 What did the scientists do to find out if the e nose worked A They presented it with all common crops B They fixed 13 sensors inside the device C They collected different damaged leaves D They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves 解析 逻辑推理题 从文章第五段可知 为了证实 e nose 的效果 科学家用受到 伤害的叶子与健康的叶子来测试 所以选 D 答案 D 7 According to the writer the most amazing thing about the e nose is that it can A pick out ripe fruits B spot the insects quickly C distinguish different damages to the leaves D recognize unhealthy tomato leaves 用心 爱心 专心3 解析 事实细节题 从倒数第二段中的 But even more impressive the device could tell which type of damage 可知 最令人惊奇的是 e nose 能够分辨叶子受 到的不同的 伤害 答案 C 8 We can infer from the last paragraph that the e nose A is unable to tell the smell of flowers B is not yet used in greenhouses C is designed by scientists at Purdue D is helpful in killing harmful insects 解析 逻辑推理题 从文章最后一段中的 could one day be used in greenhouses to 推断可知 e nose 还没有运用到 greenhouses 中 由此推断 B 是答 案 答案 B 第第 1717 篇篇 The year 2009 is the Year of Ox The ox is a representative of the farming culture of China In the farming economy 经济 oxen are the major animals pulling plows 犁 Of course the good of oxen is not limited to plowing In fact they are seen as boats on land for their ability to carry loads Besides the whole body of an ox is full of treasures Their meat and milk are food full of nutrition and their skin can be used to make clothes and shoes With all these qualities oxen are regarded as generous creatures In the past oxen played an important role in the spiritual life of the Chinese Even today oxen still play a special part in some folk activities For example some people who live in southwest China will cook cattle bone soup and share it among family members when holding the ceremony for children who reach 13 They believe that the cattle bone soup represents the blood relationship among family members In order to express their love for oxen people in some other areas will run to shake off diseases on the 16th day of the first month by the lunar calendar 农历 and during their run they will take their oxen along which indicates they regard the creature as human Because of the contribution of oxen in their lives the Chinese people are 用心 爱心 专心4 very grateful to the animal In addition the use of oxen in ceremonies and the thanks people owe to oxen help to develop various traditional customs which becomes an important part of the folk culture of the Chinese nation 语篇解读 牛年说牛 文章介绍了有关牛的一些民间文化 1 The words boats on land underlined in Paragraph 2 refer to A animals for taking goods B creatures for pulling plows C treasures of the folk culture D tools in the farming economy 解析 猜测词义题 由第二段中的 they are seen as ability to carry loads 内容可以得出答案 介词 for 是对前面作解释说明 为什么牛被看成陆地之舟 答案 A 2 From the third paragraph we know that A oxen are no more important today than in the past B ceremonies are held when people cook cattle bone soup C oxen are treated as human in some areas of China D people run with oxen to shake off diseases every month 解析 理解判断题 由文章第三段的首句以及最后一句内容可得出答案 答案 C 3 Which of the following helps to develop traditional customs A The special role of oxen in farming B People s respect and love for oxen C The practical value of an ox s body D The contribution of oxen to the economy 解析 细节判断题 由文章最后一段最后一句话可得出答案 答案 B 4 Why does the author write the text A To stress the importance of oxen in farming B To introduce the Chinese folk culture C To describe how to celebrate the Year of Ox D To explain how to develop agriculture with oxen 解析 写作意图题 由文章内容可知 作者是为了介绍有关牛的一些民间文化 答案 B 用心 爱心 专心5 第第 1818 篇篇 Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall What do you think caused this change in colour It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields ComponentsComponents ofof SoilSoil Soil is made up of a number of layers 层 each having its own distinctive colour and texture The upper layer is known as the litter It acts like a blanket limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus 腐殖质 which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour This layer is usually rich in nutrients oxygen and water Below the topsoil is the subsoil a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock Soil forms from the bottom up Over time bedrock is attacked by rain wind frost and snow It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering Plants begin to grow and rotten materials enrich the topsoil Most of the soil in Eastern Canada for example was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12 000 years ago WaterWater BeneathBeneath thethe SoilSoil Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes ponds and rivers Once in the soil or rock it is called groundwater Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation 渗透 Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate As water percolates downward it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth SoilSoil pHpH Soil can be acidic neutral or basic The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that 用心 爱心 专心6 enters the soil By burning fossil fuels such as coal oil and gasoline humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils When fossil fuels are burned gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels As nutrients are removed soil is less fertile Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil and also become easily attacked by diseases 语篇解读 本文是一篇科普文 介绍了土壤的构成与土壤的 pH 对于植物生长的影响 5 The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called A litter B topsoil C humus D subsoil 解析 考查细节理解 根据文章第二段中的 The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour This layer is usually rich in nutrients 可知给植物提供 必要营养的土层是 topsoil layer 答案 B 6 According to the text which of the following is NOT true A Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface B The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil C Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil D Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth 解析 考查细节判断 根据文章第二段中的 Below the topsoil is the subsoil a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus 可 知 并不是土层深 它的颜色就深 答案 B 7 We can infer from the passage that the water table lies A between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer B in the subsoil layer above bedrock C between the subsoil layer and bedrock D in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil 解析 考查细节理解 根据文章第四段中的 Eventually the water reaches a 用心 爱心 专心7 layer called the water table Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate 可知 water table 是位于 bedrock 之上的一个土层 它是独立存在的不属于其 他层 因此选项 C 正确 答案 C 8 The underlined word dissolve is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are A rushed away into the river B cleaned and purified by water C destroyed and carried away by water D mixed with water and become part of it 解析 考查词义猜测 根据本句中的 and carries them to deeper layers 可知营养物质是在被水溶解之后才被带到更深的土层中去的 答案 D 第第 1919 篇篇 The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not IQ a generally bad predictor of success Instead it s purposeful practice Top performers spend more hours practising their craft If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop you d take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability It wouldn t have to be a big talent just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction Then you would want her to meet say a novelist who coincidentally shared some similar qualities Maybe the writer was from the same town had the same family background or shared the same birthday This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12 giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success Armed with this ambition she would read novels and life stories of writers without end This would give her a primary knowledge of her field She d be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings Then she would practise writing Her practice would be slow painstaking and error focused By practising in this way she delays the automatizing 用心 爱心 专心8 process Her mind wants to turn conscious newly learned skills into unconscious automatically performed skills By practising slowly by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback viewing her performance from the outside correcting the smallest errors pushing her to take on tougher challenges By now she is redoing problems how do I get characters into a room dozens and dozens of times She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius It s the ability to develop a purposeful laborious and boring practice routine The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement But it underlines a fact that is often neglected Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we re hard wired to do And it s true that genes play a role in our capabilities But the brain is also very plastic We construct ourselves through behavior 语篇解读 你依然认为天才由基因决定 认为自己不可能成为天才吗 一项新的研 究表明 成功并不取决于人的 IQ 而是通过后天有目的的训练得来的 1 The passage mainly deals with A the function of IQ in cultivating a writer B the relationship between genius and success C the decisive factor in making a genius D the way of gaining some sense of distinction 解析 主旨大意题 这篇文章主要讲了决定成功的主要因素并不是 IQ 而是些后天 的 有目的的训练和努力 所以 C 项正确 A B 两项不符合文章意思 D 项不具体 答案 C 2 By reading novels and writers stories the girl could A come to understand the inner structure of writing B join a fascinating circle of writers someday C share with a novelist her likes and dislikes D learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security 解析 细节判断题 依据文章第二段的 This would give her a primary knowledge of her field She d be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings 可知 A 项正确 用心 爱心 专心9 答案 A 3 In the girl s long painstaking training process A her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her success B her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance C she acquires the magic of some great achievements D she comes to realize she is hard wired to write 解析 细节理解题 根据文章第三段的 By practising in this way she delays the automatizing process Her mind wants to turn conscious newly learned skills into unconscious automatically perfomed skills 可知 B 项正确 答案 B 4 What can be concluded from the passage A A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one s success B A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing C As to the growth of a genius IQ doesn t matter but just his her efforts D What really matters is what you do rather than who you are 解析 推理判断题 文章主要讲述 一个人的成功并不是由 IQ 决定的而是通过后天 的努力训练得来的 D 项 重要的不是你是谁而是你做了什么 符合文章主旨大意 答案 D 第第 2020 篇篇 2009 年江西 C 用心 爱心 专心10 237 West Palmdale Boulevard Fresno California 93706 AmToy Corporation Suite 15 TransAm Building San Francisco California 94115 November 20 2008 Dear Sirs As a concerned parent I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for Electro Robo seen in local media in California Specifically I am referring to newspaper and magazine ads attached to this letter published the week of November 15 Children respond to your type of advertising in an immature way that is they are un able to understand how expensive some toys are for middle class parents Further your product is violent in nature Your advertisement gives children the impression that it s fine to have two guns and laser eyes You also suggest that children need your toy to protect them when you go outside This is not a healthy attitude for children to have I hope yo