2012年中考英语语法考点知识复习15

用心 爱心 专心1 反意疑问句反意疑问句 反意疑问句是由两部分组成的 前一部分是对事物的陈述 即陈述句 后一部分是简 短的提问 即简短疑问句 中间用逗号隔开 如果前一部分用肯定句 后一部分就用否定疑问句 如果前一部分用否定句 后一部 分就用肯定疑问句 两部分的人称和时态要一致 其回答是用 yes 或 no 来表示 一 含 be is are was were 动词的反意疑问句 其句型是 句型 1 主语 be 其它 isn t aren t wasn t weren t 主语 句型 2 主语 be not 其它 is are was were 主语 You are from America aren t you Yes I am No I m not It isn t very cold today is it Yes it is No it isn t Tom was away yesterday wasn t he Yes he was No he wasn t The Green weren t at home last night were they Yes they were No they weren t Mary is reading English now isn t she Yes she is No she isn t Your parents aren t going to have a party this Sunday are they Yes they are No they aren t The girls were singing when the teacher came in weren t they Yes they were No they weren t 注意 There be 句型 There is an old picture on the wall isn t there Yes there is No there isn t There aren t any children in the room are there 用心 爱心 专心2 Yes there are No there aren t There wasn t a telephone call for me was there Yes there was No there wasn t There were enough people to pick apples weren t there Yes there were No there weren t 二 行为动词的一般现在时的反意疑问句 其句型是 句型 1 主语 动词原形 其它 don t I you we they 句型 2 主语 don t 动词原形 其它 do I you we they 句型 3 主语 动词第三人称单数 其它 doesn t he she it 句型 4 主语 doesn t 动词原形 其它 does he she it You often watch TV in the evening don t you Yes I do No I don t The students don t study hard do they Yes they do No they don t Mary studies Chinese hard doesn t she Yes she does No she doesn t The boy doesn t often go to school by bike does he Yes he does No he doesn t The first class begins at eight doesn t it Yes it does No it doesn t 三 行为动词的一般过去时的反意疑问句 其句型是 句型 1 主语 动词过去式 其它 didn t 主语 句型 2 主语 didn t 动词原形 其它 did 主语 You watched TV last night didn t you Yes I did No I didn t Jim s parents didn t go to Hong Kong last month did they 用心 爱心 专心3 Yes they did No they didn t The rain stopped didn t it Yes it did No it didn t Mr Clarke didn t buy a car didn t he Yes he did No he didn t 四 一般将来时的反意疑问句 其句型是 句型 1 主语 will 动词原形 其它 won t 主语 句型 2 主语 won t 动词原形 其它 will 主语 The boys will play games won t they Yes they will No they won t It won t stop raining will it Yes it will No it won t Mr Smith will visit our school next week won t he Yes he will No he won t 注意 There be 句型的一般将来时 There will be a basketball match tomorrow won t there Yes there will No there won t There won t be too much pollution in the future will there Yes there will No there won t 五 现在完成时的反意疑问句 其句型是 句型 1 主语 have 动词过去分词 其它 haven t 主语 句型 2 主语 haven t 动词过去分词 其它 have 主语 句型 3 主语 has 动词过去分词 其它 hasn t 主语 句型 4 主语 hasn t 动词过去分词 其它 has 主语 You have been to Shanghai before haven t you Yes I have No I haven t 用心 爱心 专心4 You haven t been to Shanghai before have you Yes I have No I haven t Jack has done his homework hasn t he Yes he has No he hasn t Jack hasn t done his homework has he Yes he has No he hasn t 六 现在完成进行时的反意疑问句 其句型是 句型 1 主语 have been 动词现在分词 其它 haven t 主语 句型 2 主语 haven t been 动词现在分词 其它 have 主语 句型 3 主语 has been 动词现在分词 其它 hasn t 主语 句型 4 主语 hasn t been 动词现在分词 其它 has 主语 You have been skating for five hours haven t you Yes I have No I haven t You haven t been skating for five hours have you Yes I have No I haven t Bob has been collecting kites since 1999 hasn t he Yes he has No he hasn t Bob hasn t been collecting kites since 1999 has he Yes he has No he hasn t 七 含有情态动词的反意疑问句 其句型是 句型 1 主语 情态动词 动词原形 其它 情态动词否定形式 主语 句型 2 主语 情态动词否定形式 动词原形 其它 情态动词 主语 You can speak French can t you Yes I can No I can t They can t understand me can they Yes they can No they can t Ann could swim when she was six couldn t she Yes she could No she couldn t 用心 爱心 专心5 The students must study hard mustn t they Yes they must No they needn t 注意 You must go home now needn t you Yes I must No I needn t 值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式 即没加上 not 而是用上了 never little few hardly nothing nobody 等词 这时该陈述句 也属于否定句 因此 反意疑问句的后半部分应用肯定疑问式 You have never been to Beijing have you Yes I have No I haven t Mr Fat has few friends here does he Yes he does No he doesn t There is little milk in the bottle is there Yes there is No there isn t He could do nothing could he Yes he could No he couldn t 八 祈使句用于反意疑问句中 这种类型较特殊 前一部分是祈使句 后一部分是肯定疑问形式 回答也较灵活 句型 1 Let me 动词原形 其它 shall I Let me open the door shall I Yes please No thanks 句型 2 Let s 动词原形 其它 shall we Let s go for a walk shall we Good idea Sorry I can t 句型 3 其它形式的祈使句 will you Come into the classroom will you OK 用心 爱心 专心6 反意疑问句综述 反意疑问句提出情况或看法 问对方同不同意 这种问句都由两部分组成 前一部分 用陈述句的形式 后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句 1 一般情况下 如陈述句中含有助动词 情态动词或系动词 be 则在附加疑问 句中应重复此助动词 情态动词或系动词 be 问句中的主语应与前面陈述句的主语同指一 个 些 人或物 如 He has finished his homework hasn t he She can t swim can she Mary is a college student isn t she 2 如陈述句部分中谓语动词仅为实义动词 则应借助于助动词 do 的适当形式引 导问句 附加疑问句部分的主语与陈述句的主语一致 如 You went home yesterday didn t you He likes playing basketball doesn t he 3 如陈述句部分是 I 引导的主系表结构组成 附加疑问句部分的主语仍用第一 人称单数 但谓语动词应用 are 的某种形式 一般不用 am 如 I m a teacher aren t I ain t I 4 若陈述句部分为祈使句 则附加疑问句部分中用 will you 或 won t you 如 Be quick won t you will you Let us have a rest will you won t you 用心 爱心 专心7 但如陈述句部分为否定祈使句 附加疑问句部分用 will you 如 Don t smoke here will you Don t make so mush noise will you 如果陈述句部分为 let s 开头的祈使句 附加疑问句部分用 shall we 如 Let s stop here shall we 5 如陈述句部分含有 hardly seldom never little few never 等否定意义 的词时 附加疑问句部分要用肯定形式 如 He hardly raised his head did he She is never here on time is she 6 如陈述句部分的主语为 nothing nobody none no one 等含有否定意义的 不定代词时 附加疑问句部分用肯定形式 如 Nothing has happened has it No one knows about it does he 7 如陈述句部分的主语为表示物的不定代词 everything something nothing anything 等时 附加疑问句部分主语应是 it 如 Nothing has been taken away has it Everything is right isn t it 8 陈述句部分的主语为表示人的不定代词 no one someone nobody everyone anybody anyone 等时 附加疑问句部分主语用 they 或 he 如 Everybody knows how to do it don t they doesn t he Nobody was there wasn t he weren t they 9 如陈述句部分的谓动词或表语是通过加前缀构成的否定词 附加疑问句部分用 否定形式 如 用心 爱心 专心8 He is unfit for the job isn t he They discovered the secret didn t they It is unnecessary to write down all the words and phrases isn t it 10 陈述句部分的主语是 none of n 附加疑问句部分的谓语在人称和数上 应和这个名词保持一致 如 None of the students went there did they None of the dish smells good does it 11 陈述句部分是一个复合句 附加疑问句部分的主语谓语在人称和数上一般与 主句保持一致 如 He said he would help me didn t he You promised that you would do me a favour didn t you 12 在复合句中 如果主句的主语是 I 谓语动词是 think believe suppose guess 等时 附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语应和从句保持一致 当主句或从句中出现否定词 时 则附加疑问句部分一律用肯定形式 如 I don t think you are right are you I believe he will come today won t he I suppose you know him don t you 13 陈述句部分的谓语动词是 wish 附加疑问句部分应用 may 主语 如 I wish to go there tomorrow may I I wish to have a word with you may I 14 陈述句部分是 there be 句型时 附加疑问句部分主语用 be there 的适 当形式 如 There are a lot of students in the hall aren t there There won t be any trouble will there 用心 爱心 专心9 There is something wrong isn t there 15 陈述句部分的主语为 this 或 that 附加疑问句部分的主语用代词 it 如果 是 these 或 those 用 they 如 This is a desk isn t it These are books aren t they 16 当动词不定式 动名词短语 从句作主语时 附加疑问句部分主语用 it 谓 语动词由陈述句部分决定 如 To see is to believe isn t it What he said is true isn t it Where to hold the meeting has not been decided has it Learning how to repair motors takes a long time doesn t it 17 如果陈述句部分由两个或以上的并列句组成 则附加疑问句部分的主谓语应 和最后一个分句保持一致 如 He studies hard and he is the best one in his class isn t he He got up late and he didn t arrive on time did he He has been writing letters all afternoon and he should be finished shouldn t he 18 当陈述句部分含有情态动词 must 且表示推测意义 一定 想必 时 附 加疑问句部分不能用 must 而应根据陈述句部分的不定式结构采用相应的主动词或助动词 1 must be must be doing 的反意问句用 be not 的简略式 如 He must be your friend isn t he They must be hunting in the mountains aren t they 2 must have done been 时 若动作在过去发生 用 didn t wasn t 用心 爱心 专心10 weren t 若动作延续但现在或已经完成 则用 haven t hasn t 如 He must have been a schoolboy when the war broke out wasn t he He must have joined the army when he left home didn t he Charlie must have worked here for 12 years hasn t he It s one o clock in the afternoon They must have had lunch haven t they 3 must 动词原型 be have 除外 用 do does did not 的简略式 若 must 后接表示 有 的意思的 have 则用 have has had not 或 do did dose not 皆可 如 He must feel terrible doesn t he You must have a lot of jewels haven t don t you 19 当陈述句部分的 must 表示 必须 时 附加疑问句部分用 mustn t must 表示 有 必要 时 附加疑问句部分用 needn t mustn t 表示 禁止 时 附加疑问 句部分一般用 must 有时用 may 如 You must work hard next term mustn t you I must answer the letter mustn t it You must go back right now needn t you You mustn t walk on grass must you 20 当陈述句部分含有情态动词 ought to 时 附加疑问句部分可以用 oughtn t in British English 也可以用 shouldn t in American English 如 You ought to go there oughtn t you shouldn t you 21 当陈述句部分含有情态动词 need dare 时 如果 need dare 为情态动词 则附加疑问句部分应重复此动词 如果是实意动词时 则要借助助动词 do 如 You dare to swim in the sea don t you 用心 爱心 专心11 He needn t say sorry to me need he 22 当陈述句部分的谓语动词是 have 时 附加疑问句部分应视不同情况采用不同 形式 1 have 意为 有 时 附加疑问句部分采用 have 或 do 的形式 如 She has two children hasn t she doesn t she She doesn t have a new bike does she 2 其他情况下 则应借助于 do 如 They had a meeting here yesterday didn t they 23 陈述句部分以代词 one 作主语时 附加疑问句部分在正式场合用 one 非正 式的用 you 如 One can t be too careful can one canyou 24 陈述句部分用 had better 结构时 附加疑问句部分用 had 如 You had better finish the experiment hadn t you 25 陈述句部分用 have to do sth 结构时 附加疑问句部分借助于助动词 do 的 适当形式 如 I have to do the work now don t I She had to give up the plan didn tshe We have to finish the composition in class don t we 26 当陈述句部分用 used to 时 附加疑问句部分用 used to 形式或 did 形式 如 He used to have a walk after supper usedn t he didn t he 27 陈述句部分是感叹句时 附加疑问句部分应用否定形式 其主语取决于表示 感叹的对象采用相应的代词 且用动词 be 的现在时 如 What a lovely day isn t it 用心 爱心 专心12 What colours aren t they What a stupid boy isn t he How delighted isn t he 28 陈述句部分用 neither nor either or 并列主语时 附加疑问句 部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定 如 Neither you nor I am an engineer are we Neither you or he studies politics don t they 29 当对某人的话表示怀疑或讽刺时 用简略的形式重复对方的话 然后再加上 反意问句 陈述句部分和附加疑问句部分的形式应取得一致 要么都肯定 要么都否定 如 Jack Tom told me he saw a snake last night Mary He did did he 30 陈述句部分有语气词 so ah oh 等时 附加疑问句部分与陈述句部分应该同 为肯定或否定 这类反意问句往往带有感情色彩 如 So you are a student are you So she can t swim can t she 反意疑问句的特殊情况如下 1 陈述部分的主语是 I 疑问部分要用 aren t I 用心 爱心 专心13 I m as tall as your sister aren t I 2 陈述部分的谓语是 wish 疑问部分要用 may 主语 I wish to have a word with you may I 3 陈述部分用 no nothing nobody never few seldom hardly rarely little 等否定含义的词时 疑问部分用肯定含义 The Swede made no answer did he she Some plants never blown 开花 do they 4 含有 ought to 的反意疑问句 陈述部分是肯定的 疑问部分用 shouldn t oughtn t 主语 He ought to know what to do oughtn t he shouldn t he 5 陈述部分有 have to v had to v 疑问部分常用 don t 主语 didn t 主语 We have to get there at eight tomorrow don t we 6 陈述部分的谓语是 used to 时 疑问部分用 didn t 主语或 usedn t 主语 He used to take pictures there didn t he usedn t he 7 陈述部分有 had better v 疑问句部分用 hadn t you You d better read it by yourself hadn t you 8 陈述部分有 would rather v 疑问部分多用 wouldn t 主语 He would rather read it ten times than recite it wouldn t he 9 陈述部分有 You d like to v 疑问部分用 wouldn t 主语 You d like to go with me wouldn t you 10 陈述部分有 must 的疑问句 疑问部分根据实际情况而定 He must be a doctor isn t he 用心 爱心 专心14 You must have studied English for three years haven t you didn t you He must have finished it yesterday didn t he 11 感叹句中 疑问部分用 be 主语 What colours aren t they What a smell isn t it 12 陈述部分由 neither nor either or 连接的并列主语时 疑问部分根据其 实际逻辑意义而定 Neither you nor I am engineer are we 13 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词 everything that nothing this 疑问 部分主语用 it Everything is ready isn t it 14 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句 疑问部分有三种情况 a 并列复合句疑问部分 谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定 Mr Smith had been to Beijing for several times