英语语法术语中英文对照

一 词性 part of speech 1 名词 noun 1 专有名词 proper noun 2 普通名词 common noun 3 可数名词 countable noun 4 不可数名词 uncountable noun 5 抽象名词 abstract noun 6 具体名词 concrete noun 7 物质名词 material noun 8 集体名词 collective noun 9 个体名词 individual noun 2 动词 verb 1 及物动词 transitive verb 2 不及物动词 intransitive verb 3 系动词 link verb 4 助动词 auxiliary verb 5 情态动词 modal verb 6 规则动词 regular verb 7 不规则动词 irregular verb 8 短语动词 phrasal verb 9 限定动词 finite verb 10 非限定动词 infinite verb 11 使役动词 causative verb 12 感官动词 verb of senses 3 形容词 adjective 4 副词 adverb 1 方式副词adverb of manner 2 程度副词adverb of degree 3 时间副词adverb of time 4 地点副词adverb of place 5 修饰性副词 adjunct 6 连接性副词 conjunct 7 疑问副词 interrogative adverb 8 关系副词 relative adverb 5 代词 pronoun 1 人称代词 personal pronoun 2 物主代词 possessive pronoun i 名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun ii 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun 3 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 4 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 5 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 6 关系代词 relative pronoun 7 不定代词 indefinite pronoun 6 冠词 article 1 定冠词 definite article 2 不定冠词 indefinite article 7 数词 numeral 1 基数词 cardinal numeral 2 序数词 ordinal numeral 8 介词 preposition 9 连词 conjunction 10 感叹词 exclamation 二 数 格 性 number case gender 1 数number 1 单数形式 singular form 2 复数形式 plural form 3 规则形式 regular form 4 不规则形式 irregular form 2 格case 1 普通格 common case 2 所有格 possessive case 3 主格 nominative case 4 宾格 objective case 3 性gender 1 阴性 feminine 2 阳性 masculine 3 中性 neuter 4 通性 common 三 句子成分 members of sentences 1 主语 subject 2 谓语 predicate 3 表语 predicative 4 宾语 object 1 双宾语 dual object 2 直接宾语 direct object 3 间接宾语 indirect object 4 复合宾语 complex object 5 同源宾语 cognate object 5 定语 attribute 6 状语 adverbial 7 同位语 appositive 8 补语 complement 1 主补 主语补语 subject complement 2 宾补 宾语补语 object complement 四 句子sentence 1 简单句 simple sentence 2 复合句 complex sentence 3 并列句 compound sentence 4 陈述句 declarative sentence 5 存在句 existential sentence 6 疑问句 interrogative sentence 1 一般疑问句 general question 2 特殊疑问句 special question 3 选择疑问句 alternative question 4 反义疑问句 disjunctive question 7 肯定句 positive sentence 8 否定句 negative sentence 9 祈使句 imperative sentence 10 省略句 elliptical sentence 11 感叹句 exclamatory sentence 五 语气 语态 语序 mood voice order 1 语气mood 1 陈述语气 indicative mood 2 祈使语气 imperative mood 3 虚拟语气 subjunctive mood 2 语态voice 1 主动语态 active voice 2 被动语态 passive voice 3 语序 order 1 自然语序 natural order 2 倒装语序inversion i 全部倒装 full inversion ii 部分倒装 partial inversion 3 直接引语 direct speech 4 间接引语 indirect speech 六 从句clause 1 名词性从句 nominal clause 1 主语从句subject clause 2 表语从句 predicative clause 3 宾语从句 object clause 4 同位语从句appositive clause 2 定语从句 attributive clause 3 状语从句adverbial clause 1 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 2 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 3 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner 4 让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession 5 原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause 6 结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result 7 目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose 8 条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition i 真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition ii 非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition 9 比较状语从句 adverbial clause of comparison 七 时态 tense 1 现在时present tense 1 一般现在时 present simple tense 2 现在进行时 present continuous tense 3 现在完成时 present perfect tense 4 现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense 2 过去时 past tense 1 一般过去时past simple tense 2 过去进行时 past continuous tense 3 过去完成时 past perfect tense 4 过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense 3 将来时future tense 1 一般将来时 future simple tense 2 将来进行时 future continuous tense 3 将来完成时 future perfect tense 4 将来完成进行时 futur