2012高考英语精选备考题库系列（含详解）阅读理解（二）

1 20122012 高考英语精选备考题库系列 含详解 高考英语精选备考题库系列 含详解 阅读理解 二 阅读理解 二 备战备战 20122012 高考 精选阅读高考 精选阅读 200200 篇 适合高三上学期使用 希望对大家有帮助 篇 适合高三上学期使用 希望对大家有帮助 20112011 年年 8 8 月 月 Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall What do you think caused this change in colour It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields Components of Soil Soil is made up of a number of layers 层层 each having its own distinctive colour and texture The upper layer is known as the litter It acts like a blanket limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus 腐殖质腐殖质 which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour This layer is usually rich in nutrients oxygen and water Below the topsoil is the subsoil a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock Soil forms from the bottom up Over time bedrock is attacked by rain wind frost and snow It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering Plants begin to grow and rotten materials enrich the topsoil Most of the soil in Eastern Canada for example was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12 000 years ago Water Beneath the Soil Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes ponds and rivers Once in the soil or rock it is called groundwater Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation 渗透渗透 Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate As water percolates downward it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth 2 Soil pH Soil can be acidic neutral or basic The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil By burning fossil fuels such as coal oil and gasoline humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils When fossil fuels are burned gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels As nutrients are removed soil is less fertile Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil and also become easily attacked by diseases 语篇解读语篇解读 本文是一篇科普文 介绍了土壤的构成与土壤的本文是一篇科普文 介绍了土壤的构成与土壤的 pH 对于植物生长的影响 对于植物生长的影响 1 The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called A litter B topsoil C humus D subsoil 解析解析 考查细节理解 根据文章第二段中的考查细节理解 根据文章第二段中的 The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour This layer is usually rich in nutrients 可知给植物提供必要营养的土层是可知给植物提供必要营养的土层是 topsoil layer 答案答案 B 2 According to the text which of the following is NOT true A Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface B The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil C Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil D Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth 解析解析 考查细节判断 根据文章第二段中的考查细节判断 根据文章第二段中的 Below the topsoil is the subsoil a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus 可知 并不是土层深 它的颜色就深 可知 并不是土层深 它的颜色就深 答案答案 B 3 We can infer from the passage that the water table lies A between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer B in the subsoil layer above bedrock C between the subsoil layer and bedrock D in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil 解析解析 考查细节理解 根据文章第四段中的考查细节理解 根据文章第四段中的 Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate 可知可知 water table 是位于是位于 bedrock 之上的一个土层 它是独立存在的不属于其他层 因此选项之上的一个土层 它是独立存在的不属于其他层 因此选项 C 正确 正确 3 答案答案 C 4 The underlined word dissolve is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are A rushed away into the river B cleaned and purified by water C destroyed and carried away by water D mixed with water and become part of it 解析解析 考查词义猜测 根据本句中的考查词义猜测 根据本句中的 and carries them to deeper layers 可知营养物可知营养物 质是在被水溶解之后才被带到更深的土层中去的 质是在被水溶解之后才被带到更深的土层中去的 答案答案 D The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not IQ a generally bad predictor of success Instead it s purposeful practice Top performers spend more hours practising their craft If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop you d take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability It wouldn t have to be a big talent just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction Then you would want her to meet say a novelist who coincidentally shared some similar qualities Maybe the writer was from the same town had the same family background or shared the same birthday This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12 giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success Armed with this ambition she would read novels and life stories of writers without end This would give her a primary knowledge of her field She d be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings Then she would practise writing Her practice would be slow painstaking and error focused By practising in this way she delays the automatizing process Her mind wants to turn conscious newly learned skills into unconscious automatically performed skills By practising slowly by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback viewing her performance from the outside correcting the smallest errors pushing her to take on tougher challenges By now she is redoing problems how do I get characters into a room dozens and dozens of times She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems 4 The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius It s the ability to develop a purposeful laborious and boring practice routine The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement But it underlines a fact that is often neglected Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we re hard wired to do And it s true that genes play a role in our capabilities But the brain is also very plastic We construct ourselves through behavior 语篇解读语篇解读 你依然认为天才由基因决定 认为自己不可能成为天才吗 一项新的研究你依然认为天才由基因决定 认为自己不可能成为天才吗 一项新的研究 表明 成功并不取决于人的表明 成功并不取决于人的 IQ 而是通过后天有目的的训练得来的 而是通过后天有目的的训练得来的 1 The passage mainly deals with A the function of IQ in cultivating a writer B the relationship between genius and success C the decisive factor in making a genius D the way of gaining some sense of distinction 解析解析 主旨大意题 这篇文章主要讲了决定成功的主要因素并不是主旨大意题 这篇文章主要讲了决定成功的主要因素并不是 IQ 而是些后天的 而是些后天的 有目的的训练和努力 所以有目的的训练和努力 所以 C 项正确 项正确 A B 两项不符合文章意思 两项不符合文章意思 D 项不具体 项不具体 答案答案 C 2 By reading novels and writers stories the girl could A come to understand the inner structure of writing B join a fascinating circle of writers someday C share with a novelist her likes and dislikes D learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security 解析解析 细节判断题 依据文章第二段的细节判断题 依据文章第二段的 This would give her a primary knowledge of her field She d be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings 可知可知 A 项正确 项正确 答案答案 A 3 In the girl s long painstaking training process A her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her success B her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance C she acquires the magic of some great achievements D she comes to realize she is hard wired to write 解析解析 细节理解题 根据文章第三段的细节理解题 根据文章第三段的 By practising in this way she delays the automatizing process Her mind wants to turn conscious newly learned skills into unconscious automatically perfomed skills 可知可知 B 项正确 项正确 答案答案 B 4 What can be concluded from the passage A A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one s success 5 B A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing C As to the growth of a genius IQ doesn t matter but just his her efforts D What really matters is what you do rather than who you are 解析解析 推理判断题 文章主要讲述 一个人的成功并不是由推理判断题 文章主要讲述 一个人的成功并不是由 IQ 决定的而是通过后天的决定的而是通过后天的 努力训练得来的 努力训练得来的 D 项项 重要的不是你是谁而是你做了什么重要的不是你是谁而是你做了什么 符合文章主旨大意 符合文章主旨大意 答案答案 D 237 West Palmdale Boulevard Fresno California 93706 AmToy Corporation Suite 15 TransAm Building San Francisco California 94115 November 20 2008 Dear Sirs As a concerned parent I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for Electro Robo seen in local media in California Specifically I am referring to newspaper and magazine ads attached to this letter published the week of November 15 Children respond to your type of advertising in an immature way that is they are un able to understand how expensive some toys are for middle class parents Further your product is violent in nature Your advertisement gives children the impression that it s fine to have two guns and laser eyes You also suggest that children need your toy to protect them when you go outside This is not a healthy attitude for children to have I hope you will stop advertising your product in such a way that may harm our children Sincerely yours Mrs Alma Hernandez President Parents for Non violent Toys Enc 6 It s Here Ready for You Now It s Electro Robo Every boy dreams of being in control of a robot and AmToy can make your dream come true Electro Robo is the world s first fully automatic robot with radio control Standing 80 centimeters tall Electro Robo is like a friend at home He can walk talk and even shake your hand He has two guns and laser eyes to help you defend yourself when you go outside with him Every boy needs Electro Robo Ask your Mom and Dad to buy Electro Robo for your birthday or for Christmas which is coming up soon Imagine that you are in control of your friend for life Electro Robo Available at all toy stores and department stores NOW 语篇解读语篇解读 本文是家长写给一家玩具公司的一封抗议信 反对该公司有误导倾向的广本文是家长写给一家玩具公司的一封抗议信 反对该公司有误导倾向的广 告及有暴力倾向的产品 告及有暴力倾向的产品 1 What is the purpose of the letter A To complain about a broken toy B To oppose the advertising C To order a gift for Christmas D To apply for a job in a toy company 解析解析 推理判断题 通读文章可知 写这封信的意图是反对这家公司所做的具有暴力推理判断题 通读文章可知 写这封信的意图是反对这家公司所做的具有暴力 倾向和有误导之嫌的广告 故选倾向和有误导之嫌的广告 故选 B 答案答案 B 2 Why does the writer of the letter feel that Electro Robo is violent A It is controlled by radio waves B It is expensive to buy C It is 80 centimeters tall D It bears arms 解析解析 事实细节题 由第二部分第一段倒数第二句事实细节题 由第二部分第一段倒数第二句 He has two guns and laser eyes 可可 知这玩具持有武器 知这玩具持有武器 答案答案 D 3 What does Enc at the end of the letter mean A Something attached to the letter B A complaint to the toy company C A hidden message D An encouraging response 解析解析 猜测词义题 由下面的附加广告可以推出该词的含义为猜测词义题 由下面的附加广告可以推出该词的含义为 附文附文 答案答案 A 4 Electro Robo can do all the following EXCEPT 7 A sitting down B shaking hands C talking D walking 解析解析 事实细节题 由第二部分第一段倒数第三句描述该电动机器人的事实细节题 由第二部分第一段倒数第三句描述该电动机器人的 He can walk talk and even shake your hand 可知四个选项中只有 可知四个选项中只有 A 没有提及 故选没有提及 故选 A 答案答案 A It was the first snow of winter an exciting day for every child but not for most teachers Up until now I had been able to dress myself for recess 课间休息课间休息 but today I would need some help Miss Finlayson my kindergarten teacher at Princess Elizabeth School near Hamilton Ontario had been through first snow days many times in her long career but l think she may still remember this one I managed to get into my wool snow pants But I struggled with my jacket because it didn t fit well It was a hand me down from my brother and it made me wonder why I had to wear his ugly clothes At least my hat and matching scarf were mine and they were quite pretty Finally it was time to have Miss Finlayson help me with my boots In her calm motherly voice she said By the end of winter you will be able to put on your own boots I didn t realize at the time that this was more a statement of hope than of confidence I handed her my boots and stuck out my feet Like most children I expected the adult to do all the work After much wiggling and pushing she managed to get the first one into place and then with a sigh worked the second one on too I announced They re on the wrong feet With the grace that only experience can bring she struggled to get the boots off and went through the joyless task of putting them on again Then I said These aren t my boots you know As she pulled the offending boots from my feet she still managed to look both helpful and interested Once they were off I said They are my brother s boots My mother makes me wear them and I hate them Somehow from long years of practice she managed to act as though I wasn t an annoying little girl She pushed and shoved less gently this time and the boots were returned to their proper place on my feet With a great sigh of relief seeing the end of her struggle with me she asked Now where are your gloves I looked into her eyes and said I didn t want to lose them so I put them into the toes of my boots 语篇解读语篇解读 本文通过为小作者穿靴子的故事 描写了老师的善解人意和小女孩的顽皮 本文通过为小作者穿靴子的故事 描写了老师的善解人意和小女孩的顽皮 1 According to the passage the little girl got from her brother 8 A the wool snow pants and the jacket B the jacket and the boots C the jacket and the hat D the boots and the gloves 解析解析 考查细节理解 根据文章第二段中的考查细节理解 根据文章第二段中的 my jacket because it didn t fit well It was a hand me down from my brother 与第四段中的与第四段中的 These aren t my boots They are my brother s boots My mother makes me wear them 可知作者穿的是她哥哥的夹克与靴子 可知作者穿的是她哥哥的夹克与靴子 答案答案 B 2 What made it so hard for the teacher to help the little girl put her boots on A The gloves in the toes of the boots B The slowness of the teacher C The wrong size of the boots D The unwillingness of the girl 解析解析 考查细节理解 根据文章的最后一段的考查细节理解 根据文章的最后一段的 I didn t want to lose them so I put them into the toes of my boots 可知让帮助穿鞋的老师费了那么多耐心与力气的是藏在鞋子里可知让帮助穿鞋的老师费了那么多耐心与力气的是藏在鞋子里 的手套 的手套 答案答案 A 3 It can be inferred that before the little girl finally went out to enjoy the first snow of winter the teacher had to help her put on her boots A once B twice C three times D four times 解析解析 考查推理判断 从文章第三段与第四段可知老师要帮小作者穿四次鞋 第一次考查推理判断 从文章第三段与第四段可知老师要帮小作者穿四次鞋 第一次 是穿错了脚 第二次是脱下来重新穿上 第三次是作者说了是穿错了脚 第二次是脱下来重新穿上 第三次是作者说了 The aren t my boots 之后 她之后 她 又把鞋脱下来 当听说是作者的妈妈非让作者穿哥哥的鞋后 又把它们给作者穿上 第四次又把鞋脱下来 当听说是作者的妈妈非让作者穿哥哥的鞋后 又把它们给作者穿上 第四次 是听说手套被放在鞋子里了 就又脱下来重新穿了一次是听说手套被放在鞋子里了 就又脱下来重新穿了一次 文中没有点明 但可推出文中没有点明 但可推出 答案答案 D 4 Which of the following sentences from the text BEST indicates that the teacher is very considerate A In her calm motherly voice she said By the end of winter Paragraph 2 B With the grace that only experience can bring she struggled to Paragraph 4 C she still managed to look both helpful and interested Paragraph 4 D she managed to act as though I wasn t an annoying little girl Paragraph 4 解析解析 考查细节理解 经过多年的磨砺 老师每次给她穿鞋都是那么有耐心 好像一考查细节理解 经过多年的磨砺 老师每次给她穿鞋都是那么有耐心 好像一 点也不把小女孩的顽皮放在心上 这足以说明老师很体贴人 点也不把小女孩的顽皮放在心上 这足以说明老师很体贴人 答案答案 D 9 An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to 归因于归因于 the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15 this January according to UCAS the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A level were also up Professor John Beath the president of the society and a leading lecturer at St Andrews University said his first year lectures which are open to students from all departments were drawing crowds of 400 rather than the usual 250 There are a large number of students who are not economics majors who would like to learn something about it One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hash t traditionally done he added University applications rose 7 last year but there were rises above average in several subjects Nursing saw a 15 jump with people s renewed interest in careers in the public sector 部门部门 which are seen as more secure in economic crisis A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain Zack Hocking the head of Child Trust Funds said It s possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty 语篇解读语篇解读 本文主要讲述了金融危机下学生们开始更多地选择与经济有关的专业这一本文主要讲述了金融危机下学生们开始更多地选择与经济有关的专业这一 现象 现象 1 Professor John Beath s lectures are A given in a traditional way B connected with the present situation C open to both students and their parents D warmly received by economists 解析解析 事实细节题 从第四段第二句话可知他把教学与当前的一些重大事件紧密相连 事实细节题 从第四段第二句话可知他把教学与当前的一些重大事件紧密相连 即贴近现实生活 故即贴近现实生活 故 B 与当前的形势相联系与当前的形势相联系 为正确答案 为正确答案 答案答案 B 2 Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their A greater stability B higher pay 10 C fewer applications D better reputation 解析解析 事实细节题 从第五段最后可知在当前金融危机下这些公共部门的工作以其安事实细节题 从第五段最后可知在当前金融危机下这些公共部门的工作以其安 全性和稳定性吸引了求职者 故全性和稳定性吸引了求职者 故 A 极大的稳定性极大的稳定性 为正确答案 为正确答案 答案答案 A 3 In the opinion of most parents A economics should be the focus of school teachi