中考动词时态与语态复习

专题复习七专题复习七 动词的时态动词的时态 基础知识梳理基础知识梳理 一 一 初中阶段需要掌握的初中阶段需要掌握的 8 种时态种时态 时态构成 一般现在时一般现在时 主语 动词原形 其他 主语 第三人称单数 动词的单数形式 其他 一般过去时一般过去时主语 动词过去式 其他 一般将来时一般将来时 主语 will 动词原形 其他 主语 be going to 动词原形 其他 主语 第一人称 I we shall 动词原形 其他 现在进行时现在进行时主语 am is are v ing 其他 过去进行时过去进行时主语 was were v ing 其他 现在完成时现在完成时主语 have has 过去分词 其他 过去完成时过去完成时主语 had 过去分词 其他 过去将来时过去将来时 主语 would 动词原形 其他 主语 was were going to 动词原形 注意 现在完成进行时态在课文中出现过 学生可作基本了解 注意 现在完成进行时态在课文中出现过 学生可作基本了解 现在完成进行时的构成 主语 have has been 现在分词 其他 二 时态的应用及动词变化形式 考点考点 1 一般现在时 一般现在时 1 一般现在时的用法 用法例句 表示习惯性 经常性的动作或存在的状态 常 与 always often sometimes usually never twice a month every day 等频率副词或时间状语 连用 I often go to school at seven 我经常在七点钟去上学 We visit Uncle Liu every month 我们每月都去看望刘叔叔 表示客观事实或 普遍真理 The sun rises in the east 太阳在东方升起 在时间 条件或让步状语从句中 表示将要发 生的动作 If it doesn t rain tomorrow I will leave 如果明天不下雨我将离开 go come leave arrive 等瞬间动词常用一般 现在时表示计划 安排好的将要发生的动作 The train for Beijing leaves at 5 30 开往北京的火车 5 30 离开 2 句式变换 含有 be 动词实义动词 肯定句式主语 am is are 其他主语 动词一般现在时 其他 否定句主语 am is are not 其他主语 don t doesn t 动词原形 其他 疑问句Am Is Are 主语 其他 Do Does 主语 其他 考点考点 2 一般过去时 一般过去时 1 用法 表示过去的动作或状态 2 构成 was were 表语 实义动词的过去式 3 标志词 a moment ago just now ago last night week month year yesterday 例如 I met him in the street yesterday 昨天我在街上遇到他了 His uncle went to Beijing last week 上周他的叔叔去了北京 4 句式变换 含有 be 动词实义动词 肯定句式主语 was were 其他主语 动词过去式 其他 否定句主语 was were 其他主语 didn t 动词原形 其他 疑问句Was Were 主语 其他Did 主语 其他 注 在时间 条件状语从句中 常用一般过去时代替过去将来时 例如 He said he would not go if it rained 他说如果下雨他就不去了 考点考点 3 现在进行时 现在进行时 1 用法 1 表示现在 说话瞬间 正在发生的动作 例 They are watching TV now 他们现在正在看电视 Listen The bird is singing in the tree 听 鸟儿正在树上唱歌 2 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段一直进行的动作 例 She is working in a factory 她正在一家工厂工作 3 表示位置移动的动词 如 come go leave arrive 等常用现在进行时表示最近即将 发生的动作 例 I m coming 我这就来 We are leaving tomorrow 我们将明 天离开 4 现在进行时与 always all the time 等副词或短语连用常表示某种强烈的感情 例 Alice is always thinking of others 艾丽斯总是想着别人 2 构成及句式变换 构成be am is are 动词 ing 肯定句主语 be 动词 ing 其他 否定句主语 be not 动词 ing 其他 疑问句Be 主语 动词 ing 其他 3 常用时间标志词 now Look Listen These days at this moment what are you doing 考点考点 4 过去进行时 过去进行时 构成 肯定句 S was were v ing 其他 否定句 S was were not v ing 其他 一般疑问句 Was Were S v ing 其他 用法 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作 动 作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明 常用的时间标志词 at 9 00 a m yesterday at this time last night from seven to nine when while 引导的时间状语从句 注意注意 1 在含有时间状语从句的复合句中 延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时 另一个短暂性动 作用一般过去时 例如 My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park 在公园散步的时候 我的钢笔掉到地上了 2 表示两个延续性动作在过去某一时刻同时进行 不考虑动作的先后顺序 主句和从句的 谓语动词都用过去进行时 连词常用 while 例如 The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework 学生们在看书 而老师在批改他们的家庭作业 考点考点 5 一般将来时一般将来时 1 一般将来时的构成 1 will 动词原形 主语是第一人称时也可用 shall 动词原形 2 be am is are going to 动词原形 2 一般将来时的用法 1 表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态 常与 tomorrow soon later next time in 一段时间等连用 例如 I ll start tomorrow 我明 天动身 2 be going to 动词原形 用于表示主观上打算将来要做某事 这种打算往往是事先安排 好的或表示可能要发生或肯定要发生的事情 例如 She has bought some cloth and she is going to make herself a dress 她买了一些布 准备为自 己做一件连衣裙 注意注意 一般将来时的其他表达方式 1 be doing 表示按计划安排好的事情 常 与少量表示位置移动的动词 如 go come start move leave 等连用 I m leaving for Beijing tomorrow 明天我就要动身去北京了 2 在表示车 船 飞机等的进出时间时 可 以用一般现在时表示将来 My plane will take off takes off at 6 30 a m 我乘坐的飞机将在早上 6 30 起飞 考点考点 6 现在完成时现在完成时 1 构成 have has 动词的过去分词 2 用法 1 表示说话之前已经完成了的动作 而且 这个动作对现在仍有影响 常与 already yet in the past few years 等时间状语连用 例 I have seen the film already 我已经看过这部电影了 已知电影内容 2 表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态 常与 by now so far since for 等时间状 语连用 I have studied in the school since 2009 自从 2009 年我就在这所学校学习 3 用现在完成时来描述一个从过去一直延续到现在的动作时 其谓语动词一定要用延续 性动词 现在完成时中的时间状语表示的是一段时间时 句中的动词一定要用延续性 动词 常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化对照表 非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词 borrow lendkeepdiebe dead openbe openclosebe closed buyhavejoinbe in a member of leavebe away from finish endbe over begin startbe onarrive comebe here in catch get a coldhave a coldmarrybe married 4 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 区别例句 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯 的叙述过去发生的事情 强调过去 与具体 的表示过去的时间连用 Tom lived in Beijing two years ago 两年前汤姆住在北京 不知道现在是否还住在北京 现在完成时的动作虽然是发生在过去 但是 对现在有影响 Tom has lived in Beijing for two years 汤姆住在北京两年了 现在汤姆仍然还在北京 考点考点 7 过去完成时过去完成时 1 构成 主语 had 过去分词 2 用法 1 表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作 即 过去的过去 因此使用过去完成时必须以过去某一时间作为前提 通常用 by before 短语或 when before after until 等引导的从句来表示 例如 After the sun had set we decided to return home 太阳落山以后 我们决定回家 2 用于宾语从句 从句表示在主句以前发生的动作 She wondered who had left the door open 她想知道是谁让门开着的 3 现在完成时与过去完成时的区别 用法例句 现在完成时与过去完成时的用法相同 只是 作为衡量标准的时间不同 现在完成时是以 现在这个时刻作衡量标准 而过去完成时是 以过去某个时间作衡量标准 He has travelled to most of the cities in China in the past five years 五年来他已经游遍了中国的大多数城市 When we got there the football match had already started 当我们赶到那里时 足球比赛已经开始了 考点考点 8 过去将来时过去将来时 1 构成 would 动词原形 should 动词原形 was were going to 动词原形 2 过去将来时的用法 用法例句 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存 在的状态 这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接 引语中 常用的时间状语有 two days later the next week the following day 等 Tom said he would come 汤姆说他要来的 Linda said she was going to see her aunt 琳达说她打算去看她的姑妈 Mr Green told us we were going to have a party at the weekend 格林先生告诉我们周末我们要办一个晚会 注意 在由 if 引导的条件状语从句中 主句是过去将来时 if 从句只能用一般过去时代替过去将 来时 例如 They said that they would go fishing if it didn t rain the next day 巧学妙记巧学妙记 should would 加原形 过去将来 就构成 过去将来不独立 经常用于 宾从句 过去认为将发生 过去将来时态用 过去将来不单行 只可用于从句中 巩固练习巩固练习 1 I saw Sam and David on the playground yesterday afternoon They games with their classmates then A play B will play C are playing C were playing 2 John always others when they are in trouble A help B was helping C helps D helped 3 Where is Mr Black I have something important to tell him You can t find him He Hong Kong A will go to B would go to C has gone to D has been to 4 Have you ever been to Shanghai Yes I there a few months ago A have been B went C have gone D go 5 Shall we go shopping now Sorry I can t I my shirts A wash B am washing C washed D have washed 7 Bob the plants while his father was cooking dinner A will water B was watering C is watering D has watered 8 I my hometown for a long time I really miss it A left B went away from C have left D have been away from 9 There some flowers on the teacher s desk just now but now there nothing on it A have has B were was C were is D has has 10 I called you at 4 00 yesterday afternoon but no one answered Sorry I with my friends at that time A swim B swam C will swim D was swimming 11 Do you have any plans for tonight Yes I at the new Italian restaurant in town A eat B have eaten C ate D am going to eat 12 I don t know if Eric this Sunday If he here I ll call you at once A will come will come B come comes C comes will come D will come comes 13 John and I to visit his grandparents last Sunday afternoon A go B went C will go D have gone 14 I football quite well but I haven t had time to play since the new year A will play B have played C played D play 15 Look on the bright side of the life and imagine that you a happy and successful future A had B will have C have D have had 16 We all our money on the clothes so let s walk home now A have spent B spend C spent D are spending 17 Don t disturb Allen now He for the Spelling Bee competition A prepares B prepared C is preparing D will prepare 18 Stop smoking Joe You kill yourself if you keep on doing it like that 19 They friends since they met in Shanghai A have madeB have becomeC have beenD have had 20 We all know that ice A feel coldB is felt sold C is feeling coldD feels cold 链接中考链接中考 1 2017 泰安 With the development of science and technology robot cooks in our families in the future A appear B appeared C will appear D is appearing 2 2017 烟台 Look at my new smart phone Wow it s so cool When and where you buy it A do buy B have bought C did buy D have had 3 2017 菏泽 She ten years ago You mean she him for ten years A married has got married to B got married has got married with C got married has been married with D got married has been married to 4 2017 莱芜 I didn t see your father yesterday when I went to your house Oh he strawberries on the farm A Picks B picked C was picking D has picked 5 2017 潍坊 A little effort every day you a big difference A makes B made C have made D will make 6 2017 日照 New media like WeChat the way of communications nowadays A are changing B will change C changed D were changing 7 2017 东营 Since I came here I discover something else interesting In the future I go to many other parts of China 8 2017 四川 Did you hear someone knocks at the door just now Sorry I to my friend on the phone 9 2016 滨州 A truth friend r for your hands and touches your heart 10 2015 东营 while he prepare for the race he fell ill suddenly and was sent to the hospital 11 2014 东营动词填空 It was 7 30 in the evening she 1 still work in the fields She is much busier than my father Every day she 2 get up early at 4 00 in the morning and keeps on working till evening One day I 3 call her at eight in the evening She said I ve just got home from the vineyard and 4 not have supper yet I 5 wash the clothes now 12 2013 东营 The Dongying Hainan airline for about 5 months I have taken the flights three times A is open B has openedC has been openD has been opened 13 2012 东营 There a football match and a concert this weekend Which one would you like to go A is B areC will beD will have 14 2010 东营 I ll pay him as soon as he the TV set to my home said the man A sendsB sentC is sendingD will send 15 2014 聊城 May I speak to Ann Sorry she isn t in She France A has gone to B has been to C was going to D goes to 16 2011 东营 I wait for the elevator when I heard the man call 17 2010 淄博 Peter usually w his clothes on weekends 18 2013 青岛 An advertisement sometimes lead customers to buy something they don t need at all 19 2013 滨州 Shall I tell Tom the good news No you needn t I tell him already 20 2016 北京 A new road built near my school next year 专题复习八专题复习八 语态语态 纵观近几年东营的中考试题 语态题大多以动词填空形式出现 很少出现在单选 动词填 空中几乎每年都考察到被动语态的题 多涉及到一般过去时 一般将来时 一般现在时的 被动语态 基础知识梳理基础知识梳理 考点 1 被动语态的构成 一 被动语态由 主语 be 及物动词的过去分词 构成 助动词有时态 人称和数的变化 常考被动语态的构成常考被动语态的构成 结构例句 一般现在时 主语 am is are 过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day 教室每天都打扫 一般过去时 主语 was were 过去分词 Our school was built in 1998 我们的学校在 1998 年建造 一般将来时 主语 will be 过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow 运动会明天举行 现在完成时 主语 has have been 过去分词 The bank has been built 银行已经建成了 过去将来时 主语 would be 过去分词 Ann told me she would be sent to America 安告诉我她将被派往美国 含有情态动词的被动语态 主语 情态动词 be 过去分词 The bike can t be put here 这辆自行车不能被放在这里 二 主动语态变被动语态的方法 第一步 先确定主动句的主 谓 宾 找出其中的谓语动词 第二步 把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语 若宾语是人称代词 应 把宾格变为主格 第三步 把主动句中的谓语动词变为 助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 但时态不能 改变 第四步 把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词 by 的宾语 没必要说出动 作的执行者时可省略 若主语是人称代词时 应把主格变为宾格 考点 2 被动语态的几种特殊形式 1 主动句中感官动词 see hear watch feel 等和使役动词 make let have 等后跟省略 to 的动词 不定式 变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号 to 例如 We saw an alien get out of the UFO An alien was seen to get out of the UFO 注意点 后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时 宾补部分不变 对比 We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room 2 谓语动词后接双宾语 直接宾语和间接宾语 时 1 把间接宾语变为主语 直接宾语不变 例如 He gave me a new book I was given a new book by him 2 把直接宾语变主语 间接宾语不变 例如 He gave me a new book A new book was given to me by him 3 句中谓语是动词短语时 变为被动语态时要注意其完整性 Jack turned on the TV just now The TV was turned on by Jack just now 4 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时 只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语 而宾语补足语 仍保留在原处 作主语补足语 例如 Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once We were told to clean the classroom at once by our teacher 5 主动表被动 1 feel look sound smell taste 等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义 例如 The dishes smell so delicious 菜闻起来真香 Your idea sounds better 你的主意听起来更好 2 有些动词 如 sell cut drive wash clean write open lock 等 作为不及物动词时可以用 主动语态表示被动含义 例如 Books of Harry Potter sell well 哈利 波特 系列的书很畅销 My pen writes smoothly 我的钢笔写起字来很流畅 3 sth need want require doing 相当于 sth need want require to be done 不定式的被动结构 例如 Your room needs cleaning Your room needs to be cleaned 你的房间需要打扫了 4 be worth doing 值得做 中的 doing 表示被动含义 The movie is worth watching by everyone 这部电影值得所有人看一看 6 不用被动语态的情况 1 系动词 不及物动词或某些动词短语没有被动语态 例如 come true fall asleep keep quiet take place 等 2 主动句的宾语是不定式或 doing 时不能用作被动语态的主语 3 反身代词或 each other 不能作被动语态的主语 7 被动语态与系表结构的区别 be p p 表示动作时是被动语态 表示动作时是被动语态 be p p 表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构 表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构 1 含有 by 宾语 结构强调动作执行者 此时为被动语态 例如 The window is broken 窗户坏了 系表结构 The window is broken by me 窗户是我打破的 被动语态 2 句中有地点 频率或时间状语时 一般是被动语态 例如 The door was closed 门是关着的 系表结构 The door was closed at 9 00 九点钟关的门 被动语态 3 系表结构中常用介词搭配 被动语态中没有介词搭配 例如 We re worried about the boy 我们担心那个男孩 4 系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰 例如 I m really surprised at the news 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶 5 系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时 而被动语态可用于多种时态 巩固练习巩固练习 1 A football match between Class Two and Class Three tomorrow afternoon A is held B was held C must be held D will be held 2 Look at that sign Smoking here A isn t allowed B doesn t allow C aren t allowed D don t allow 3 I m glad to find that many trees in our city last year A plant B planted C were planted D are planted 4 Let s play computer games this evening It good A sounds B feels C tastes D smells 5 There was a big earthquake in Japan but luckily many people A save B saved C are saved D were saved 6 We re very glad to know that a great sports meeting in Guiyang this September A will hold B will be held C will be hold D holds 7 In many places in China the old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government A is taking good care B are taken good care of C is taking good care of D are taken good care 8 At last the boy was made and began to laugh A stop crying B to stop to cry C to stop crying D stop to cry 9 You should have to stay behind if your homework before five o clock A isn t done B won t be done C doesn t do D wasn t done 10 Have you moved into the house Not yet The rooms A are being paintedB are paintingC are paintedD are being painting 11 Two months after beginning the new work hours good results report in Jinan 12 Andrew worked hard and helped the company get a lot of money So he give a raise by his boss 13 All the classes teach in English because the pupils speak English since the age of six 14 Maybe somebody will give your purse back after it find 15 when and where to build the new one not decide yet 链接中考链接中考 1 2017 临沂 They have collected more than 14 000 books since the library last month A built B was built C builds D is built 2 2017 青岛 Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they to drive a car A are allowed B allowed C will be allowed D allow 3 2017 莱芜 More schools in Laiwu to provide children with better education in a few years A built B are built C were built D will be built 4 2017 泰安 As China grows stronger and stronger Chinese in more and more schools out of our country A teaches B is taught C has taught D was taught 5 2017 河北 Hangzhou as the City of silk Tourists like shopping for silk there A knows B is known C was known C will be known 6 2017 安徽 Mr Green to sing an English song at the party and he sang well A was invited B invited C is invited D invites 7 2017 上海 The museum next month to celebrate the Science Technology Festival A is decorated B will decorate C is decorating D will be decorated 8 2017 北京 The mobile phone in 1973 A invents B i