牛津译林版八年级下册--8B-现在完成时

1 现在完成时现在完成时 构成 Have has 过去分词过去分词 现在完成时的肯定式 否定式和疑问式 肯定式否定式疑问式 单 数 I have You have worked He She It has I have You have not worked He She It has Have I Have you worked Have he she it 复 数 We You have worked They We You have not worked They Have we Have you worked Have they 提示 现在完成时的肯定式和否定式有其缩写形式 have ve has s 例如 She s worked She has worked I ve not worked I haven t worked 现在完成时的否定疑问句形式为 Have you not worked Have they not worked Has he not worked 其缩写形式为 Haven t you worked Haven t they worked Hasn t he worked 现在完成时的简略回答形式为 Yes I have No I have not haven t 用法用法 过去动作产生的影响等过去动作产生的影响等 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果 在没有具体时间状语的情况下 现在完成时可以表示某一行为动作在说话之前已经完成 而其结果或影响至今仍然存在 因此 现在完车时这一时态强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系 也就是强调现在的影响和 结果 例如 Someone has broken the window 打破 这一动作虽然发生在过去 但影响延续至今 其结 果是窗子仍然是破的 The window is now broken I have lost my pen 结果是 我现在无钢笔可用 I have no pen to use He s locked the door 结果是 现在门锁上了 我们进不去 Now the door is locked and we can t go in The party has started The party started and now it is going on I ve forgotten her name I forgot her name 他今天还没吃任何东西 现在一定很饿了 我已经吃过午饭了 现在不饿了 过去的动作延续到现在和未来过去的动作延续到现在和未来 表示一个开始于过去 持续到现在 并可能继续下去的动作或状态 常同 for since 引导的 时间状语连用 或用于 How long 多久 句型中 表示持续的时间 例如 He has studied English for ten years 可能继续学下去 She has lived here since then He has been in Nanjing since 2003 Miss Lin has worked in the factory since she came to the city 你已经住在这个房子里多久了 2 这个女孩已经病了一个星期了 提示提示 for 是介词 后面只能跟单词或词组 是介词 后面只能跟单词或词组 since 是介词或连词 后面可以跟单词 词是介词或连词 后面可以跟单词 词 组或句子 组或句子 同同 recently 等状语连用等状语连用 现在完成时常同表示从过去某时刻延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用 如 recently today this morning this week lately up to now so far in the past last few months since three years ago 等 例如 I haven t seen him this week I have been busy this morning He has bought a new bike recently 同同 often 等状语连用等状语连用 现在完成时常同不明确指出具体时间的状语连用 如 often already yet never ever always once twice sometimes just for a long time only twice 等 例如 Have you done your homework yet 我们已经完成了工作 我从没去过英国 将来某时已经完成的动作将来某时已经完成的动作 现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中 表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作 例 如 He will come as soon as he has finished the homework If you have read the book before I leave please lend it to me We shall wait here until the rain has stopped have gone 和和 have been have gone 和 have been 意义上不同 前者表示 到某地去了 尚没回来 现在不在这里 后者表示 曾经到过某地 现在已返回 比较 She has gone to Beijing 她现在不在这里 去北京了 可能已经到达 也可能仍在途中 She has been to Beijing 她以前到过北京 现在已不在北京了 Where has he been 他已回来 Where has he gone 他现在不在这里 比较 have been to do sth 做过了某事 have gone to do sth 去做某事了 have come to do sth 来做某事了 for 2004 还是还是 since 2004 英语中有些动词表示的动作是一时性的 短暂的短暂的 不能延续的 所以 不能同 for 和 since 等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用 也不可用于 How long How many 时间名词 句中 因 此 这类动词可以单独使用于完成时中 但不可同表示一段时间的状语一起用于完成时中 可以单独使用于完成时中 但不可同表示一段时间的状语一起用于完成时中 3 包括现在完成时和过去完成时 这类动词有 go come leave arrive join receive get die buy borrow choose close fall finish kill lend marry open reach return start stop sit down stand up 等 比较 How long may I keep the book Her grandmother has been dead for five months It is five months since her grandfather died He has arrived He arrived there three hours ago It s three hours since he arrived It has been three hours since he arrived He has been away from Shanghai for two weeks It is two weeks since he left Shanghai He has left Shanghai She has joined the army She has been in the army since 20004 It is three years since she joined the army 提示提示 非延续性动词的完成时有时可以同非延续性动词的完成时有时可以同 for 引导的短语连用 但表示的是某一动作引导的短语连用 但表示的是某一动作 的目的或结果 而不是表示动作本身延续的时间 的目的或结果 而不是表示动作本身延续的时间 例如 She has come for two weeks 她已经来了 准备住两个星期 He has gone for three days 他走了 要在三天后回来 非延续性动词的否定式表示动作的持续过程 具有延续性 因此可以同 for 或 since 引导 的一段时间状语连用 例如 I haven t received her letter for a whole year He hasn t bought any book since last month for since 的特殊注意 的特殊注意 在带有在带有 for 或或 since 短语或短语或 since 从句的句子中以及从句的句子中以及 How long 提问的句子中提问的句子中 谓语动词只谓语动词只 用用延续性动词延续性动词 可持续一段时间的动作 而不能用 而不能用短暂性动词短暂性动词 在瞬间发生完毕的动作 常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 borrow lend have has kept buy have has had owned die have has been dead begin start have has been on finish have has been over open have has been open close have has been closed catch a coldhave has had a cold fall illhave has been ill fall asleephave has been ill becomehave has been leave have has been away from get married have has been married join have has been a member of have has been in move come go to have has been in at 4 现在完成时和一般过去时的比较现在完成时和一般过去时的比较 现在完成时不可与表示特定过去时间的副词连用 如现在完成时不可与表示特定过去时间的副词连用 如 ago then yesterday 等 但一般等 但一般 过去时可以 过去时可以 例如 He worked here last year 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果 而一般过去时只限于表示过现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果 而一般过去时只限于表示过 去的动作本身 与现在的结果无关 去的动作本身 与现在的结果无关 例如 He has been ill for a week 现在仍然病着 He was ill for a week 过去病过一个星期 现在好了 He has bought a house 现在完成时 到说话时仍然拥有那所房子 He bought a house five years ago 一般过去时只说明他五年前买过一所房子 现在不一定还 拥有那所房子 I haven t written him for ages 现在仍没有写 I didn t write him for ages 仅指过去 现在完成时可以同现在在内的时间状语连用 而一般过去时则不可 例如 It has been hot this summer 说话时仍然是夏天 It was hot this summer 说话时夏天已经过去 现在完成时不可与疑问副词 when 连用 而一般过去时则可以 例如 When did he come already 和 yet 的区别 already 用于肯定句 yet 用于否定句和疑问句 already 有时也可用于疑问句 表示 惊讶 意外 的意思 例如 Hurry up we are already twenty minutes late I haven t heard from him yet Has class begun yet Has class begun already 想不到 Have you sold the car yet Have you sold the car already 惊讶 补充补充 ago 和和 before 的用法的用法 ago 是副词 表示从现在算起的若干时间以前 用于 名词词组 ago 结构 ago 所在句中的 谓语动词用一般过去时 ago 不可单独使用 也不可用作连词 before 作副词用时 表示从 过去某一时刻或某一事件算起的若干时间以前 所在句中的谓语动词用过去去完成时 before 还可以单独使用 意为 以前 谓语动词用现在完成时 ago 则没有这种用法 before 还可以用作连词 后接单词 词组或句子 ago 则没有这种用法 比较 She saw the film three days ago 从现在说起三天前 She told me that she had seen the film three days before 从过去说起三天前 I have seen her before She had left before he arrived 课堂训练 课堂训练 一 用所给动词的正确形式填空 5 1 I already see the film I see it last week 2 he finish his work today Not yet 3 My father just come back from work He is tired now 4 Where s Li Ming He go to the teacher s office 5 I work here since I move here in 1999 6 So far I make quite a few friends here 7 How long the Wangs stay here For two weeks 8 I just finish my homework 9 He go to school on foot every day 10 you find your science book yet 11 If it be fine tomorrow I ll go with you 12 The students read English when the teacher came in 13 Look The monkey climb the tree 14 My mother come to see me next Sunday 15 I ve lost my pen you see it anywhere 二 单项选择 1 How long have you here A come B got C arrived D been 2 My grandpa died A at the age of my 2 B for 2 years C when I was 2 D my age was 6 3 Jane has to BeiJing She will come back tomorrow A been B gone C went D never been 4 It is ten years I last saw her A after B since C for D that 5 Who will go to the station to meet Lorry I will I her several times A met B have met C had met D will meet 6 What a nice dress How long you it Just 2 weeks A will buy B did buy C are having D have had 7 Do you know Lydia very well Yes She and I friends since we were very young A have made B have become C have been D have turned 8 The Smiths in China for 8 years A has lived B lived C have been D live 9 Hello this is Mr Green speaking Can I speak to Mr Black Sorry He the Bainiao Park A has been to B has gone to C went to D will go to 10 you ever to the US Yes twice A Have gone B Have been C Do go D were going 三 句型转换 I have been to Macau before 改为否定句 I been to Macau before He hasn t come to school because he was ill 就划线部分提问 he come to school 6 I bough a new bike just now 用 just 改写 I just a new bike We began to learn English three years ago 改为同义句 We English three years 5 He has never surfed 改成反意疑问句 6 They have been here since 2000 对划线部分提问 have they been here The old man last year He has for a