仁爱英语七年级上名词语法

名词名词 一 名词分类 一 名词分类 名词分为普通名词和专有名词 1 普通名词 普通名词 可数名词和不可数名词 1 可数名词 包括个体名词和集体名词 个体名词个体名词 表示个体的人或事物名称的词 如 teacher student boy book bag 每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式 A 单数 表示 一个 的概念 用名词的单数时 名词前需加 a 或 an 如 a book 一本书 an apple 一个苹果 an orange 一个橘子 等 B 复数 表示两个或两个以上的物体 如 two pencils 两枝铅笔 three weeks 三周 等 集合名词 集合名词 表示一群人或一些事物名称的词 如 people family class clothes 复数形式的构成有两种 规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成 规则名词复数形式的构成规则名词复数形式的构成 词形复数形式的构成方法 例 词 cat cats book books 大多数名词 在词尾加 s 在清辅音后读 s 在浊辅 音及元音后读 z dog dogs bag bags boy boys 以 s x ch sh 结 尾的名词 在词尾加 es 读作 iz glass glasses match matches 把 y 变成 i 加 es 读作 iz city cities 以辅音字母 y 结 尾的名词 但专有名词例外 直接在 y 后加 s 读作 z Canadian Canadians American Americans 一般直接加 es 读作 z tomato tomatoes potato potatoes 以辅音字母 o 结 尾的名词 某些词例外 加 skilo kilos piano pianos photo photos 以元音字母 o 结尾 的名词 直接加 s 但读作 z zoo zoos radio radios 有的直接加 s 读作 z roof roofs 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名 词 大多数要将 f 或 fe 变为 v 再加 es 读作 z leaf leaves wife wives knife knives yourself yourselves 不规则名词复数形式的构成不规则名词复数形式的构成 复数形式的构成特点 例 词 通过改变词内元音字母 man men foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice 老鼠 通过在词尾加 en 或 ren ox oxen 牛 child children 单复数形式相同 a sheep two sheep a deer two deer 鹿 a Chinese two Chinese 中国人 注意事项注意事项 只能用于复数形式的名词有 clothes trousers pants shoes socks 单数名词用于复数含义 people public police 特殊名词的讲解特殊名词的讲解 people 作 人们 人民 解时 只有复数形式 谓语动词作复数 作 民族 解时 单复数不同 复数要在词尾加 s There are five people in my family 我家有五口人 There are fifty six peoples in our country 我们国家有 56 个民族 clothes 等属于无单数形式的复数名词 谓语作复数 例 My favorite clothes are pants pants shoes glasses shorts scissors 等名词 由两部分构成 常以复数形式出现 谓语动词要用复数 要表 示单数常用 a pair of 表示 此时如作主语 谓语要作单数看待 例 Your pants are blue This pair of pants is mine 集体名词看作整体时 谓语用单数 指成员时 谓语用复数 His family is a large family 指整体 His family like animals 指成员 有的名词单复数意思不同 例 hair 和 fruit 通常作单数 表示总体 My hair is black 我的头发是黑色的 I like fruit It s good for you 我喜欢水果 水果对你的身体有好处 但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果 则需用复数形式 Danny has three hairs 丹尼有三根头发 She likes pears peaches and other fruits 他喜欢梨 桃和其它水果 2 不可数名词 包括物质名词和抽象名词 物质名词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的名词 如 coffee hair juice water rice 抽象名词 抽象名词 表示状态 品质 动作 感情等抽象概念的名词 如 health happiness help 注意事项注意事项 1 不可数名词没有复数变化 不能与 a an 或表示具体数量的词直接连用 这些名词前往往加 some any no a little 等词 如 some water apple juice milk 2 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用 数词数词 量词量词 Of 名词名词 来表述 用量词修饰时 首先首先要注意量词的 单复数 然后然后要注意名词是否可数 不可数时用单数 可数时用复数 如 one bag of rice one kilo of apples ten bags of rice ten kilos of apples 对量词的提问句型 对可数名词的数量提问用 how many 对不可数名词的数量提问要用 how much 但对不可数名词前表示数量名 词中的修饰语提问时要用 how many 如 I would like two apples How many apples would you like I want some bread How much bread do you want I want three glasses of water How many glasses of water do you want 询问价格用 How much 如 How much is the coat How much are the coats 2 专有名词 专有名词 表示人 地方 机构 事物 组织等专用名词的词 如 Jane China UN BBC 二二 名词的所有格名词的所有格 所有格的构成 1 有生命的名词 2 无生命的名词 有生命的名词 1 一般单数名词后加 s 如 my brother s book Jack s cat the girl s pen 2 以 s 或 es 结尾的复数名词的所有格 只需在名词右上方加 如 girl s teachers 注意 在不规则复数名词后 要加 s 如 women s clothes 3 如果一样东西为两个人共有 在后一个名词词尾加 s 如 Tom and Peter s room 汤姆和彼得的房间 共有 4 如果一样东西不是共有的 两个名词都要加 s 如 Tom s and Peter s rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间 不共有 无生命名词 无生命的名词的所有格 通常用 of 名词 的结构来表示 如 the windows of the room 房间的窗户 a picture of the horse 一张马的照片 初一名词习题初一名词习题 一 写出下列名词的复数形式 1 house 2 it 3 zoo 4 orange 5 bag 6 exercise 7 brush 8 family 9 bus 10 city 11 box 12 baby 13 class 14 factory 15 glass 16 dictionary 17 watch 18 woman 19 match 20 man 21 this 22 German 23 tomato 24 policeman 25 kilo 26 human 27 potato 28 Chinese 29 shelf 30 Japanese 31 leaf 32 American 33 life 34 tooth 35 wife 36 foot 37 knife 38 sheep 39 half 40 child 41 tooth 42 mouth 二 选择填空 1 I want to buy A two bottles of ink B two bottle of ink C two bottle of inks D two bottles of inks 2 They don t have to do today A much homework B many homeworks C many homework D much homeworks 3 There are three and seven in the picture A cows sheeps B cows sheep C cow sheep D cow sheeps 4 June 1 is A children s day B children s Day C Children s Day D Children s day 5 room is next to their parents A Kate s and Joan s B Kate s and Joan C Kate and Joan s D Kate and Joan 6 Miss Green is a friend of A Mary s mother s B Mary s mother C Mary mother s D mother s of Mary 7 Sheep white and milk also white A is are B are is C is is D are are 8 I d like to have a glass of milk and A two breads B two pieces of breads C two pieces of bread D two piece of bread 9 Many are singing over there A woman B women C girl D child 10 He bought A two pairs of shoes B two pair of shoes C two pairs of shoe D two pair of shoe 11 Mr White has three A child B children C childs D childrens 12 Are these No they aren t They re A sheep cows B sheep cow C sheeps cow D sheeps cows 13 There are many in the fridge A fish B fruit C eggs D bread 14 Whose room is this It s A Li Ming B Li Ming s C Li Mings D Li Mings 15 Here are for you Sue A potatos B some potatoes C three tomatos D some tomato 16 Here are some birthday cards with our best for her A wish B hope C wishes D hopes 17 I always go to that to buy food on Sunday A shop B park C zoo D garden 18 room is on the 5th floor A Lucy and Lily B Lucy and Lily s C Lucy s and Lily D Lucy s and Lily s 19 Mum I m quite thirsty Please give me A two orange B two bottle of oranges C two bottles of orange D two bottles of oranges 20 10 The cat caught two last night A mouses B mice C mouse D mices 21 I met some in the park and talked with them the other day A Janpaneses B American C Chineses D English 22 There are two in the room A shelf B shelfs C shelfes D shelves 23 There are seven in a week A years B months C days D minutes 24 My father is a He works in a hospital A teacher B doctor C farmer D writer 25 Excuse me are you Yes I m from A Japan Japanese B China Chinese C England English D American America 26 They are jackets A Lucy s B Lucy 27 What color is coat A Peter s B Peter 28 These are books A teachers s B teachers 29 They are ice creams A children B children s 30 This is bag A Tom and Peter B Tom s and Peter s 31 Where are A the school s students B students of the school 32 Those are bags A drivers s B drivers 33 This bag is A Mary s and Tom s B Mary and Tom s 34 fathers are coming A Mary s and Kate s B Mary s and Kate C Mary and Kate s 35 How are these books A many B much 36 This pair of pants blue I like very much A is it B are them C is them D are it 37 How glasses of water do you want A many B much 38 This is A Mike and Jim s bike B Mike s and Jim bike C Mike s and Jim s bike D Mike and Jim bike 39 These are A Amy and Lingling s room B Amy s and Lingling s room C Amy s and Lingling s rooms D Amy and Lingling s room 40 My big and my happy A family is family are B family is families are 三 根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空 1 I have a lot of to do homework 2 There are seven in a week day 3 How many can you see tomato 4 Miss Guo is wearing a pair of glass 5 There are five in the picture child 6 There are two over there bench 7 I like taking photo 8 l can see two standing there woman 9 There are two baskets of on the floor apple 10 There are three knife 11 How many sheep are there on the hill 12 There is some food in the basket 13 The baby has only two tooth now 14 There is a lot of water in the bottle 15 There are five people in his family 16 Let s take photo OK 17 The leaf on the tree turn yellow 18 The child are play